Academic and Social Development

Spending time in and near nature can support academic success, foster social development, and improve learning39,40. Simply being around nature, or being able to see greenspace outside a window, can improve cognitive function and development in children41. Short amounts of time in nature can increase concentration and attention both while students are outside and when they go back in42, and improve ADHD symptoms with effects comparable to those of medication43. Teaching topics such as science outdoors can increase interest in and engagement with those topics, and improve test scores on those and other topics44,45. Time spent together in nature can foster a sense of belonging in a community, and the development of cooperation skills and positive relationships among students17. These outcomes reach across and beyond the curriculum to support many aspects of learning and development. This is important, as it shows that time in nature can address many of the goals schools and educators have for their students.

Including time in nature during the school day can support and enhance students’ learning and development.

Time in nature has been found to:

  • Improve grades and test scores45,46
  • Improve attention and concentration, and reduce symptoms for children with ADD/ADHD with effects comparable to ADHD medications43,47–51
  • Improve attitudes toward school52,53
  • Improve behavior in school54,55
  • Improve engagement with topics taught outside, and with indoor lessons after being outside42,56,57
  • Enhance cognitive development41,51,58,59
  • Increase students’ sense of belonging55
  • Increase cooperation60
  • Support positive relationship development61,62

Recent Reviews: Ayotte-Beaudet et al., 2017; Becker et al., 2017; Blair, 2009; Gill, 2014; Ray & Jakubec, 2018; Rickinson et al., 2004; Williams & Dixon, 2013