1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
This is a very informative and knowledgeable post, in my opinion. As a result, I’d like to thank you for your efforts in writing this article.
Aircraft Launching Gear Market Size
Your blog contains excellent information. Thank you for taking the time to share your knowledge with us. You have a fantastic understanding of this. It’s exciting to come across a website that contains such a wealth of information about various artisans.
Aircraft Launching Gear Market Opportunities
Thank you very much for writing such an interesting article on this topic. This has really made me think and I hope to read more. Kratom products
I like to recommend exclusively fine plus efficient information and facts, hence notice it: 레플리카사이트
This blog is so nice to me. I will keep on coming here again and again. Visit my link as well.. 토토커뮤니티
Hello team this blog really excited me a lot because of its information and quality is really very amazing. I am very inspired by this blog, Thanks for sharing with us such an informational content. Mahindra Arjun 555
This is a fabulous post I seen because of offer it. It is really what I expected to see trust in future you will continue in sharing such a mind boggling post sexy baccarat
Hi there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it’s truly informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if you continue this in future. Numerous people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers! aston martin hoodie
Add to that list Michael Pena and Bridget Moynahan, the two adults among three other children whom Nantz and his men locate at the station. ford t shirt
This is highly informatics, crisp and clear. I think that everything has been described in systematic manner so that reader could get maximum information and learn many things. mudra bank
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. pg slot
Thanks for sharing this information. I really like your blog post very much. You have really shared a informative and interesting blog post with people.. brand-outlet
New web site is looking good. Thanks for the great effort. digital rupee wallet
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. wedding caterers
I have read your blog it is very helpful for me. I want to say thanks to you. I have bookmark your site for future updates. mudra loan
Its such as you read my mind! You appear to understand a lot about this, like you wrote the e-book in it or something. I believe that you simply could do with a few % to force the message house a bit, however other than that, this is wonderful blog. A great read. I’ll certainly be back. extraction tubes
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. website development
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. website development
cxfdn
Bangalore Escorts welcomes you to our largest collection of call girls. we provide the most charming and sensual girls to fill your sexual lust who are experienced to satisfy your soul. Our girls have a sexy and well-maintained figure that ignites you. Bangalore Call Girls
The best article I came across a number of years, write something about it on this page. buy backlinks for seo
Can you give me some tips for piece of software writing? tulum
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. read more
Their primary focus is to provide the most effective quality escort service for men in their teens, which is the primary reason behind their actions. While working and doing other things, they can make time for leisure throughout the day. They have the right in their ability to discuss their business. They do not speak publicly about their secrets and techniques. They highlight the needs of their customers.
https://islamabadstars.com/
excellent expertise gaining article. This submit is actually the quality on this precious topic. dabblicious extracts
Thank you very much for this useful article. I like it. blackberry haze cartridge
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article. blackberry haze cartridge
betflixสล็อตครบทุกค่าย เว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ แจกเครดิตฟรี BETFLIX เล่นเกมบนมือถือ ทดลองเล่นฟรี ฝากถอน AUTO รองรับทรูวอลเล็ต เว็บใหม่สมัคร แจกเครดิตฟรีล่าสุด รวมทางเข้าเล่น BETFLIK678 เว็บน้องใหม่จากค่ายพีจีสล็อต ผู้ใดที่กำลังมองหา เว็บสล็อตไว้เล่นยามว่าง หรืองานอดิเรก เว็บของเรามีการอัปเดตเกมใหม่ ๆ ทุกวัน เพื่อตอบสนองความบันเทิงให้กับท่าน เราเลือกกรองแต่เกมสนุก ๆ แจ็คพอตแตกดี เล่นสล็อตได้กำไร รองรับการใช้งานทุกอุปกรณ์ ไม่ว่าจะเป็น มือถือสมาร์ทโฟน คอมพิวเตอร์ แท็บเล็ต ไอแพด ด้วยการเงินมั่นคง ปลอดภัย ฝาก-ถอน เริ่มต้น เพียง 1 บาท โบนัสสูงสุด 100% เพียงท่าน สมัคร BETFLIK28 แถมโปรโมชั่นดี ๆ มอบให้ท่าน เล่นสล็อต กับเราปลอดภัย 100% เราคำนึงถึงความปลอดภัยและข้อมูลของท่านอย่างสูงสุด
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people. Sugar daddy & Mummy
Thanks for sharing the info, keep up the good work going…. I really enjoyed exploring your site. good resource… dabblicious extracts
Howdy! I realize this is sort of off-topic however I had to ask. Does managing a well-established website like yours take a lot of work? I’m completely new to running a blog but I do write in my journal every day. I’d like to start a blog so I will be able to share my experience and views online. Please let me know if you have any suggestions or tips for new aspiring bloggers. Thankyou! https://pg777.bet/
Hey there! Nice post! Please inform us when we will see a follow up! courses de pâques
I admit, I have not been on this web page in a long time… however it was another joy to see It is such an important topic and ignored by so many, even professionals. I thank you to help making people more aware of possible issues. 메이저놀이터 추천
I invite you to the page where see how much we have in common. 토토커뮤니티
If your looking for Online Illinois license plate sticker renewals then you have need to come to the right place.We offer the fastest Illinois license plate sticker renewals in the state. sa gaming
Want to buy engagement rings online? Visit our store. We have the best vintage engagement rings and antique design templates to fulfill your design needs.
antique engagement rings
Excellent post. I was always checking this blog, and I’m impressed! Extremely useful info specially the last part, I care for such information a lot. I was exploring this particular info for a long time. Thanks to this blog my exploration has ended. sagame88
Great post, you have pointed out some great points , I also think this s a very excellent website. winter jacket
very nice put up, i definitely love this web site, carry on it winter jacket
Thanks for this post. I definitely agree with what you are saying. I have been talking about this subject a lot lately with my mother so hopefully this will get him to see my point of view. Fingers crossed! fall jackets for women
Thank you for the update, very nice site.. indian visa for belgian citizens
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works 바카라사이트
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike other blogs I have read which are really not that good.Thanks alot! ที่นี่
We would claim of which that is a an incredible write-up of any good man or women, now i am pleased to view that. joker
Tüm dijital reklam ajansı aynı işi ve görevi yapmazlar. Bunun için öncelikle dijitalde neler yapmak istediğinize karar vermeniz gerekir. Sosyal medya reklamlarıyla başarınızı artırmak istiyorsanız doğru tercih sosyal medya uzmanıdır. Var olan siteniz üzerinden satışlarınızı artırma niyetindeyseniz o zamanda iyi bir SEO uzmanıyla temasa geçmeniz gerekir. SEO web sitenizin arama motorlarındaki sıralamasını yükseltmek için yapacağınız çalışmaya verilen isimdir. Bu çalışma mutlaka bilen birileri tarafından yapılmalıdır. Aksi durumda boşa para harcamaktan başka bir işe yaramayacaktır. SEO konusunda bilginiz yoksa araştırmak yeterli değildir. Çünkü araştırma hiçbir zaman uygulamanın yerine geçmez. Bazılarının başarılı olduğu bir yöntemi deniyor olmak sizinde başarılı olacağınızı göstermez. Doğru hareket edebilmek içinde doğru olanı bulmak gerekir.
Site : https://www.eefcreative.com/
Sustain the nice do the job, When i understand several threads within this web page in addition to I’m sure that a world-wide-web blog site is usually authentic useful possesses bought communities connected with excellent facts. joker
Excellent publish, Thanks with regard to discussing This particular understanding. Wonderfully created post, if perhaps just about all writers provided exactly the same degree of content material while you, the web will be a far better location. Make sure you continue the good work! joker
I simply reckoned it is an outline to share in case other companies was first experiencing difficulty looking for still Now i’m a small amount of doubting generally if i here’s permitted to use artists and additionally explains relating to right. joker
Thanks for the information provided! Maintain the good performance of your site. You can also check my site mineral kaolinite
تحميل لعبة wwe 2k22
Nice post. I really like your content. It’s inspiring and I really like it. Please visit my site.free personal prophecy Bishop Elijah Bernard Jordan is the founder and Senior Pastor of Zoe Ministries since 1983. Zoe Ministries had its beginning in Westfield, New Jersey with 60 people in attendance. A thriving prophetic church with a vision to impact the world with the gospel, Zoe continued to develop the facets of ministry under Bishop Jordan’s leadership that marked it as a church in pursuit of destiny; called to fulfill the will of the Lord.