1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
What’s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It positively useful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to contribute & help other users like its helped me. Great job. Hydrocodone kaufen
it’s nice and meanful. it’s a cool blog. Linking is a very useful thing. you have helped lots of people who visit the blog and provide them with useful information. 犀利士網購
Thanks for your post. I’ve been thinking about writing a very comparable post over the last couple of weeks, I’ll probably keep it short and sweet and link to this instead if thats cool. Thanks. https://kryptoszene.de/news/welche-esportspiele-sollte-man-besuchen-und-welche-auslassen/
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Cheers! ข่าวฟุตบอลต่างประเทศ
I am really inspired with your writing talent well with the layout to your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it your self? Anyway stay up the excellent high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one nowadays. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
I see that you are using WordPress on your blog, wordpress is the best.*:~-” ข่าวกีฬา
I likewise conceive so , perfectly written post! . how to get free money on cash app
Canada assignment help offers you online assignment help in Canada service in which our well-trained Ph.D. experts provide you 100% error-less & well-formatted assignment service before the deadline of your university at a cheap price.
My partner and i appreciated around an individual’ll obtain completed right here. The sketch will be tasteful, your own published material elegant. nonetheless, a person control obtain acquired a great shakiness more than that you simply desire end up being turning in the following. within poor health without doubt appear more previously yet again since precisely the similar practically a whole lot continuously within case you defend this walk. binary options strategy
Your post is very helpful to get some effective tips to reduce weight properly. You have shared various nice photos of the same. I would like to thank you for sharing these tips. Surely I will try this at home. Keep updating more simple tips like this. dispensary Etobicoke
I’d ought to talk to you here. Which isn’t some thing I usually do! I spend time reading a post that will make people believe. Also, many thanks for permitting me to comment! techargue
You really make it appear really easy together with your presentation but I to find this matter to be really one thing which I believe I would by no means understand. It sort of feels too complicated and very huge for me. I am having a look ahead on your next publish, I’ll attempt to get the dangle of it! Genius Binary Options indicator
For a long time me & my friend were searching for informative blogs, but now I am on the right place guys, you have made a room in my heart
토토사이트
come play games with us then you will get money pg auto slot สล็อตออโต้ pg slot ฝาก ถอน ออ โต้
Thank you for sharing such a great bog it is very helpful.
오늘프로야구결과
Blogs sitenizde çok kaliteli makaleler yazılmış bu kamu yararına makaleler için size teşekkür ediyorum bu gizi haberlerin devamını dilerim Kayseri Evden Eve Nakliyat
I have read it, but the information is still less than mine, i am wanting to learn more
카지노사이트링크
Bu tür içeriğin daha fazla yazarının sizin için ayırdığınız zamanı bu kadar iyi araştırmak ve yazmak için kullanmasını diliyorum. Vizyonunuz ve anlayışınızdan çok etkilendim sizlere çok teşekkür ederim Evden Eve Nakliyat
Electrical power dissertation web-sites on-line when you likewise be given clearly advertised with your web page. Sbobet24
Wonderful paintings! That is the kind of information that are meant to be shared across the web. Disgrace on the seek for no longer positioning this submit upper! Come on over and visit my website . Thanks =) https://pg777.bet/
Excellent article. Very interesting to read. I really love to read such a nice article. Thanks! keep rocking. Trading bot online
Attractive section of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I get in fact enjoyed account your weblog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently rapidly. INSTAGRAM MARKETING AGENCY
If you are looking for more information about flat rate locksmith Las Vegas check that right away. 캐나다 비자
It is the plan to give significant data and best works on, including a comprehension of the administrative procedure.
dailytimemagazine
The color of your blog is quite great. i would love to have those colors too on my blog.*’.*’ wedding photo editing service
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen Mushrooms for sale
Royalcasino111
Thanks for your post. I’ve been thinking about writing a very comparable post over the last couple of weeks, I’ll probably keep it short and sweet and link to this instead if thats cool. Thanks. VISA D’AFFAIRES CANADIEN
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. BUSINESS VISA FOR INDIA
หนังx พวกนี้แล้วไม่สมควรพลาดที่จะเข้ามาดูในเว็บไซต์ xxxx ของพวกเรากันเลย หลุด vk
ก็เนื่องจากว่าคุณจะได้รับดูความเสียวที่คุณถูกใจตามสไตล์ที่คุณถูกใจ โดยไม่ทำให้ท่านเพศชายทุกคนจำเป็นต้องผิดหวังอย่างไม่ต้องสงสัย เพราะเหตุว่ามีจำนวนไม่ใช่น้อยเป็นคลังเก็บของเลยก็ว่าได้ vk live
เกมต่างๆยกตัวอย่างเช่น pg slot บาคาร่า รูเร็ต เสือมังกร มีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่เครื่องเดียว ก็สามารถร่วมบันเทิงใจกับทางพวกเราได้เลย มีทุนน้อย อย่ากลุ้มใจไปเลย vk
พวกเราให้ท่านพนันทุกการพนันแบบอย่างน้อย พนันอย่างต่ำได้ มีเงินหลัก 10 ก็สามารถพนันได้ปากทางเข้าเว็บไซต์ superslot ตรงนี้เลย
สล็อต หลายคนคงไม่เชื่อว่าเกม สล็อตพารวยลงทุนน้อย นั้นมีจริงหรอ และถ้าหากมีจริงควรเลือกเดิมพัน หรือควรเลือกเล่น กับเว็บไซต์ใด เราต้องบอก ก่อนเลยว่าเว็บ สล็อต ที่เดิมพันแล้วได้กำไรนั้นมีอยู่จริง เราขอแนะนำท่าน เว็บนี้เลยเว็บ MEGA GAME ซึ่งไม่ว่าคุณจะได้กำไร เป็นหลักหมื่น หลักแสน คุณก็สามารถทำ การถอนโอนย้ายเงิน กำไรที่ได้รับเข้าสู่บัญชี
If more people that write articles really concerned themselves with writing great content like you, more readers would be interested in their writings. Thank you for caring about your content. sa1688
Would you mind basically if I refer to a few of your current subject matter for as long as I give you credit and even article sources back to your site? My blog site is within the corresponding niche as your site and my web site will utilise a lot of the suggestions that you present on this website. Please let me know if it is okay for you. Best wishes! แทงบาคาร่า10บาท
MEGA GAME เล่นเกมสล็อตโดยที้เล่นทุกท่านไม่ต้องใช้เงินทุนแม้แต่บาทเดียว ไม่ต้องเตรียมเงินทุนมาก็เล่นได้ ด้วยโปรโมชั่นสุดคุ้มค่า ที่สุด ที่ผู้เล่นจะได้รับเงินทุนไปต่อยอดกำไรจากการเล่นเกมสล็อตได้แบบฟรี ๆ สล็อตเครดิตฟรี100 โปรโมชั่นสุดคุ้มค่าที่ พร้อมแจกให้กับผู้เล่นที่เข้ามา สมัครสมาชิก กับทางเว็บของเรา MEGA GAME ที่นี่ได้เตรียมโปรโมชั่นดีๆอย่าง เกมสล็อตที่มีเครดิตฟรีๆไม่ต้องฝากไม่ต้องแชร์ให้ยุ่งยาก เป็นเกมสล็อตที่มาแรงแห่งปี 2022 ขอย้ำ อีกครั้งว่าฟรี เมื่อสมัครสมาชิก ก็รับไปเลยทันที ไม่ต้องผ่านเงื่อนไขใด ๆ
site906
BETFLIX เว็บไซต์ สล็อตรวมค่ายชั้นนำ ยอดเยี่ยม ที่ให้บริการ เว็บสล็อตยอดฮิต เว็บสล็อตแตกง่าย 2022 ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ สำหรับผู้เล่น ที่ชื่นชอบ ในการเล่น เพื่อทำเงินอยู่แล้ว โดยเฉพาะ อย่างยิ่งสาวก เกมสล็อตออนไลน์ ของเรา BETFLIX ที่ได้ชื่นชอบ การเล่นเกมด้วย อุปกรณ์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ อย่างเช่นสมาร์ทโฟน แท็บเล็ต คอมพิวเตอร์ โน้ตบุ๊ก เป็นต้น
site926
When I am alone, I come to see your comments. It is a very good comment, how strange is your loneliness in this city, there are thousands of people but no one is like that. One is changed because you are not there, yesterday even the sunlight did not come on the wall. Thank you from my heart
https://callgirlingurugram.com/
I don’t normally check out these kinds of sites (I’m a pretty shy person) – but even though I was a bit shocked as I was reading, I was definitely a bit excited as well. Thanks for giving me a big smile for the day inside the fitness giant
i think that plasma tvs are more expensive than LCD tvs and they are a bit heavier too’ เดิมพันบาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Great post, I was doing a google search and your site came up for bank owned homes in Oviedo, FL but anyway, I have enjoyed reading it, keep it up! wedding photo editing service
Wow! This could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on thesubject. Actually excellent post! I am also an expert in this topic therefore I can understand your effort. high end retouching services
i have always been interested in the paranormal and the occult, that is why i bought some trifield meter and emf meters. outsource photo editing
We would also like to convey that most individuals that find themselves without the need of health insurance can be students, self-employed and people who are out of work. More than half in the uninsured are under the age of Thirty five. They do not experience they are wanting health insurance as they are young in addition to healthy. Their particular income is generally spent on housing, food, and entertainment. Many people that do go to work either entire or in their free time are not given insurance via their work so they proceed without because of the rising tariff of health insurance in america. Thanks for the concepts you reveal through this site. บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
This can be also a fairly beneficial writing that any of us absolutely beloved considering. Possibly not on a daily basis which often experience the likelihood to get a solution. ข่าวฟุตบอลต่างประเทศ
Online cash advances do seem to be quicker solutions to cash needs than applying for offline cash advances mainly due to the “no credit rating check” how to reopen a closed cash app account
That appears to be clearly amazing. Most teeny specifics are using great deal of reputation encounter. So i am attached to the idea a good deal. ข่าวกีฬา
The below appears prefer most likely awesome. Almost all these limited ideas are created with the use of range of facial foundation comprehension. I like these products somewhat. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
Usually there are some dissertation sites making use of the website whenever you develop into in plain english reported in the site. ข่าวกีฬา
This is a very informative and knowledgeable post, in my opinion. As a result, I’d like to thank you for your efforts in writing this article.
Aircraft Launching Gear Market Size