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Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

164,233 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

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  9. After reading the blog post on the Cornell University website, I found it to be an interesting discussion about the railway industry in France. The post provides an overview of the industry, highlighting the similarities between the railway and airline industries in terms of selling seats for transportation from one destination to another. It also mentions the characteristics that make the railway industry suitable for revenue management strategies, such as inflexible capacity, variable and uncertain demand, perishable inventory, and low marginal cost.

    One notable difference between the railway and airline industries mentioned in the post is the difficulty in forecasting demand accurately due to factors like open tickets, walk-up tickets, and the absence of a check-in procedure. However, dealing with overbooking is less challenging for the railway industry as passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys, increasing capacity beyond the number of seats.

    The post also discusses the concept of space in the railway industry, with trains typically offering two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). Different seating options and services are available for each class, and additional revenue is generated through premium services that include 1st Class seats, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at train stations.

    In terms of time, the railway industry sells journeys rather than specifically selling time. However, the Rail pass provides customers with unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days, allowing the industry to sell time explicitly. The post suggests that selling Rail passes with weekly or monthly units may not be effective due to the complexity it adds to demand forecasting.

    The post also mentions ticket pricing, with discounts available based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Prices are typically reduced for one to two-week advanced purchases, slightly reduced for three-week advanced purchases, and remain the same for more than four-week advanced purchases. The post also discusses rate fences, such as classes, age, season tickets, and loyalty, and suggests consolidating these fences rather than creating new ones to avoid confusing customers.

    Overall, the https://pokerpilipinas.com/ blog post provides valuable insights into the railway industry in France and the revenue management strategies employed within it.

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  19. The blog post titled “Railway Industry in France” on the Cornell University website provides an overview of the railway industry in France, specifically focusing on the SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français), which is France’s national railway company. The post discusses various aspects of the industry, including industry characteristics, space allocation, time considerations, and pricing strategies.

    1. Industry Overview:
    The post highlights that the railway industry in France is similar to the airline industry, as it sells seats for transportation from one origin to a destination. The pricing of train tickets depends on factors such as the journey, class, and date of booking. The industry exhibits characteristics suitable for revenue management strategies, including inflexible capacity, variable and uncertain demand, perishable inventory, low marginal cost, and high production cost.

    2. Space:
    The post explains that trains in France typically have two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). Each class offers different seating options and services. The post mentions the presence of a TGV bar on trains, which provides a variety of meals, snacks, and additional services for purchase. Premium service, including 1st Class seats, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge, is also available to generate additional revenue.

    3. Time:
    The post notes that the railway industry in France implicitly defines time. While the duration of a journey is determined, the industry sells a journey rather than selling time specifically. However, the industry also offers Rail passes, which allow customers to have unlimited travel on the national rail network for a fixed number of days. This alters the fare structure from rate-per-trip to rate-per-day.

    4. Price:
    The post mentions that tickets for train travel in France can be purchased in advance, typically ranging from 60 to 120 days depending on the route. Ticket discounts are available based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. The post provides examples of price variations based on the number of weeks before departure.

    The post also discusses rate fences, which are factors that differentiate pricing, such as class, age, season tickets, and loyalty programs. It suggests consolidating existing rate fences rather than creating new ones to avoid confusing customers. https://pokerpilipinas.com/

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