1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Please write a comment that blog is very informative and check for updates for Online casino india
This website is truly amazing! It’s engaging, informative, and provides a delightful user experience Final88
You’ve completed in excellent work. t suggest to my frtends ind personilly wtll certitnly dtgtt. t’m conftdent they’ll be gitned from thts webstte.
black wines
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. Body Sculpting Dubai
Saya suka ide-ide sederhananya. sworn translator jakarta
Your post has those facts which are not accessible from anywhere else. It’s my humble request to u please keep writing such remarkable articles
black wines
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information.
black wines
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!THANKS!!!!!! acim apple podcast
Your gateway to exciting horse race betting in New Jersey, offering a seamless online betting experience. 4NJBets
Awesome dispatch! I am indeed getting apt to over this info, is truly neighborly my buddy. Likewise fantastic blog here among many of the costly info you acquire. Reserve up the beneficial process you are doing here. TOTOWIN88
Terima kasih atas wawasannya, sangat membantu. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Perkins 400 kVA GP400
Online Cheap Auto Insurance Quotes… […] that is the end of this article. Here you’ll find some sites that we think you’ll appreciate, just click the links over[…]… Alpha Tonic
Saya akan segera membagikannya dengan keluarga saya. jasa penterjemah termurah
Hello. i like the way you post on your blog. 서울출장안마
Outstanding! The attention to detail in both design and content is commendable. markastoto
Navigate through a well-designed website that serves as a beacon of quality, featuring diverse perspectives, expert opinions, and actionable insights bostoto
Informasinya sangat bermanfaat, terima kasih banyak! Genset Genpac Open / Silent Perkins 500 kVA GP500
The positive energy from this blog is exactly boostaro what I needed in my life. It’s become a daily dose of inspiration, and I can’t thank the author enough for creating such a uplifting space
This blog post is incredibly insightful! Thanks for boostaro sharing your knowledge
Ide yang bagus! Saya ingin mencobanya nanti. jasa penerjemah termurah
Saya akan mencoba ini segera, terima kasih atas inspirasinya. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Perkins 1000 kVA GP1000
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. comprare patente di guida
Ambrosial Hours and Meditation: Meaning and Its Amazing Benefits
Sangat menyukai perspektif yang Anda bagikan di sini DURABELT EP125 Rubber Conveyor Belts 2 Ply BW 600
What are the Benefits of Drinking Hot Milk at Night?
Why Does it Take So Long To Gain Muscle Mass?
10 Surprising Health Benefits of Free Hand Exercises
6 Effective Yoga Asanas For Skin Disease or Skin Problems
Pinay Onlyfans Leaked
Saya setuju dengan Anda, informasi ini sangat penting. penerjemah yogyakarta
I went over this web site and I think you have a lot of great information, saved to fav (:. 토토사이트
Thanks for an interesting blog. What else may I get that sort of info written in such a perfect approach? I have an undertaking that I am just now operating on, and I have been on the lookout for such info. acim
I appreciate you taking the time to talk about them with people. 메이저사이트
Terima kasih atas ide-ide brilian ini Jasa Basmi Rayap Bogor
It was contemplating whether I could utilize this review on my other site, I will connect it back to your site though.Great Much obliged. lucky crush
BOSSBET99 เปิดประสบการณ์ไปกับ สล็อต เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ เว็บที่มอบความสนุกทุกครั้งเมื่อเข้ามาเล่นแล้วได้เงินจริง มีเกมสล็อตใหม่ล่าสุด และดีที่สุดในช่วงเวลานี้ มาพร้อมระบบฝาก-ถอน ออโต้ ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ และรองรับการใช้งาน ผ่าน wallet BOSSBET99 สมัครสมาชิกได้ด้วยตัวเองง่าย ๆ ไม่ยุ่งยาก กรอกข้อมูลรายละเอียด ตามแพลตฟอร์มที่ระบุไว้พร้อมรับโบนัส และโปรโมชั่นสุดเด็ด ตอบแทนแก่สมาชิกใหม่และสมาชิกเก่าทุกท่าน เพียงแค่คลิกปุ่มสมัครสมาชิกฟรี ไม่ต้องฝากไม่ต้องแชร์ ทดลองเล่นสล็อตได้ฟรี แบบไม่เสียเงินใด ๆ รีบเข้ามาเล่นกันได้เลย ไม่ทำให้คุณผิดหวังเลยจริง ๆ หากคุณชื่นชอบในการเล่นเกมสล็อต เราขอแนะนำ สล็อต BOSSBET99 ถือว่าเป็นอีกหนึ่งความท้าทาย เล่นเกมบนมือถือ สามารถเข้ามาสัมผัสความสนุกไร้พรมแดน ส่งตรงจากทุกประเทศทั่วโลก รองรับการเข้าถึงได้ทุกอุปกรณ์โดยตรง ทางเข้า BOSSBET99 มีเกมสล็อตมาใหม่ล่าสุด อัปเดตให้คุณอยู่ทุกวัน ไม่ตกเทรนด์ เหมาะสำหรับนักเดิมพันทุกท่าน เพียงแค่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต ก็เข้าเล่นกันได้ไม่มีสะดุด ไม่กระตุก พบกับความเหนือชั้นในการลงเดิมพัน เล่นสนุกกันได้ตลอดทั้งวัน เล่นเพลิน เล่นเกมผ่านเว็บตรงได้แล้ววันนี้
ติดต่อแอดมิน LINE : @bossbet99 (มี @ ด้วยน้า)
BOSSBET99 เปิดประสบการณ์ไปกับ สล็อต เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ เว็บที่มอบความสนุกทุกครั้งเมื่อเข้ามาเล่นแล้วได้เงินจริง มีเกมสล็อตใหม่ล่าสุด และดีที่สุดในช่วงเวลานี้ มาพร้อมระบบฝาก-ถอน ออโต้ ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ และรองรับการใช้งาน ผ่าน wallet BOSSBET99 สมัครสมาชิกได้ด้วยตัวเองง่าย ๆ ไม่ยุ่งยาก กรอกข้อมูลรายละเอียด ตามแพลตฟอร์มที่ระบุไว้พร้อมรับโบนัส และโปรโมชั่นสุดเด็ด ตอบแทนแก่สมาชิกใหม่และสมาชิกเก่าทุกท่าน เพียงแค่คลิกปุ่มสมัครสมาชิกฟรี ไม่ต้องฝากไม่ต้องแชร์ ทดลองเล่นสล็อตได้ฟรี แบบไม่เสียเงินใด ๆ รีบเข้ามาเล่นกันได้เลย ไม่ทำให้คุณผิดหวังเลยจริง ๆ หากคุณชื่นชอบในการเล่นเกมสล็อต เราขอแนะนำ สล็อต BOSSBET99 ถือว่าเป็นอีกหนึ่งความท้าทาย เล่นเกมบนมือถือ สามารถเข้ามาสัมผัสความสนุกไร้พรมแดน ส่งตรงจากทุกประเทศทั่วโลก รองรับการเข้าถึงได้ทุกอุปกรณ์โดยตรง ทางเข้า BOSSBET99 มีเกมสล็อตมาใหม่ล่าสุด อัปเดตให้คุณอยู่ทุกวัน ไม่ตกเทรนด์ เหมาะสำหรับนักเดิมพันทุกท่าน เพียงแค่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต ก็เข้าเล่นกันได้ไม่มีสะดุด พบกับความเหนือชั้นในการลงเดิมพัน เล่นสนุกกันได้ตลอดทั้งวัน เล่นเพลิน เล่นเกมผ่านเว็บตรงได้แล้ววันนี้
ติดต่อแอดมิน LINE : @bossbet99 (มี @ ด้วยน้า)
Klik My Bio For More Information
The blog’s coverage showcases the intricate balance between tradition and innovation. It’s remarkable how the sector continues to evolve while honoring its historical roots. Best Veg Recipe
Amazing website! The design is sleek, and the content is informative. Well done! markastoto
I use only high quality materials – you can see them at: TOTOWIN88
I got too much interesting stuff on your blog. I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! Keep up the good work. comprare patente di guida
I’m intrigued by the discussions around the topic. It’s clear that investing in cutting-edge technology is key to maintaining as a global leader in this area. Veg Recipe
I’m impressed, I must say. Very rarely do I come across a blog thats both informative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you ve hit the nail on the head. Your blog is important..
touch programs
I wish more authors of this type of content would take the time you did to research and write so well. I am very impressed with your vision and insight.
touch programs
As i understand this write-up. I’m sure Persons healthy quite a few seek to assemble that write-up. As i love your livelihood. 뉴토끼
You have made some decent points there. I looked on the internet for more information about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this web site.
touch programs
Here you will perceive what is goliath, it’s beginning and end nearby’s an interface with a confounding site page: Gtech Web India
https://ufabetnew.net
I will be extremely willing to get the site together with managed benefit from browsing important article content uploaded at this point. Any recommendations within the source was initially impressive, kudos to your publish. Measured building surveying london