1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Locate which will article writing is not actually valued at the time period, you might recognise that discovering them free of charge is really a lot a great deal more an individual’s idea! Precisely why craft content articles together with throw away your time and energy when you are able become terrific content absolutely free! A lot of people discover utilizing just a dash of effort paid out diving the web page and looking at what’s going on they is able to leave and reveal a whole lot of function done with the particular means available. where can i buy hay
Need Escorts Girls in Bangalore? Connect us. Royal Models is a professional Bangalore Escort agency operating in Bangalore introducing clients to call girls.
https://www.royalmodels.in
Really appreciate you sharing this blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic. gefälschte ausweise kaufen
At Royal Models you come for services and you are alone looking for the best time pass and you book Escorts Bangalore and when the girl knocks on your door.
http://www.pinkbabe.in
Escorts in Ahmedabad is India’s most recognized service delivery agency, which people from all over India call to meet for themselves and all the profiles working here go to every city and give their service and every service they provide.
https://www.ahmedabadescortscall.in
สนุกก่อนใครกับเกมเดิมพันออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด เว็บตรงเว็บหลัก เล่นฟรีที่ ทดลองสล็อต pg เล่นทั้งวันมันส์ไม่มีเบื่อ
At this point you’ll find out what is important, it all gives a url to the appealing page: Ibomma Bar
This is the type of information I’ve long been trying to find. Thank you for writing this information. فني جولة
I am typically in order to running a blog and that i actually appreciate your content. The actual article has actually peaks my personal interest. I am going to save your web site and gaze after checking for brand spanking new data. 토토커뮤니티
You’ve got some interesting points in this article. I would have never considered any of these if I didn’t come across this. Thanks!.
You know that help with math homework would be great. But, it costs money and it will probably be hard to find a tutor that can work around the family’s schedule. domathhomework
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog post.Much thanks again. gefälschte ausweise kaufen
Hi there! Nice post! Please tell us when I will see a follow up! فني غاز
Simultaneous terrorist attacks in 14
Iraqi locations At least 103 deaths
No doubt, car rental has evolved as one of the most fantastic ways to travel at any corner of the world. Car rental provides immeasurable comfort in traveling within the traffic intensive cities or reaching any distant place not well connected with public mode of transport. As you are choosing car rental as an alternative of public transport for an easy and uninterrupted travel, therefore, it at the same time also charges more on rental for the services provided by renting agencies. car rental in goa
We represent employees! For unfair dismissal victoria advice and support in any workplace claim including harassment, discrimination our non lawyer… unfair dismissal lawyers
In such a writing have an understanding of it is important, this product provide you with getting some key term charged webpage website a tremendous simple webpage site: info slot gacor 4d
We represent employees! For unfair dismissal victoria advice and support in any workplace claim including harassment, discrimination our non lawyer… unfair dismissal lawyer
We represent employees! For unfair dismissal victoria advice and support in any workplace claim including harassment, discrimination our non lawyer… unfair dismissal australia
Many homework on the continual hunt along with offstage on the road to winning. Definitely not attached, simple to-fall as a result of wayside; And not investigation, afterward into a path travel toward the black. Instagram service
You cannot expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstances unless you change 10อันดับนักเตะที่รวยที่สุดในโลก
I would like to show my gratitude for your kindness for people that absolutely need help with this particular content. Your very own dedication to getting the message all-around became particularly good and have in most cases encouraged girls much like me to achieve their goals. This informative guideline implies so much to me and much more to my office colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us. ดูหนังav
You cannot expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstances unless you change 10อันดับนักเตะที่รวยที่สุดในโลก
You cannot expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstances unless you change 10อันดับนักเตะที่รวยที่สุดในโลก
You cannot expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstances unless you change 10อันดับดาวซัลโวตลอดกาลของพรีเมียร์ลีก
Suppliers of Lucerne (Alfalfa hay) Timothy, Teff, Oat , Orchard in Bulk, Alfalfa hay for Horses Buying hay for your horse can be a bit overwhelming because there are so many types of hay out there. Some are better than others, depending on what your horse needs, so it’s important to know how to make the right choice. There are many hay suppliers available online at dgh-haysuppliers.com, which is one of the best hay supplier in your area. They offer high quality of hay for sale and you can buy it at affordable prices from them. DGH Hay Suppliers has its branches all over the world so that they can deliver their products easily to customers in any region or country. If you are looking for a reliable and trusted supplier then this is the right place where you can find a large number of suppliers who sell different types of products at competitive prices. hay and straw for sale
I think this is an informative post and it is very beneficial and knowledgeable. Therefore, I would like to thank you for the endeavors that you have made in writing this article. All the content is absolutely well-researched. Thanks… تصليح افران
Remarkable! Its really amazing post, I have got much clear idea regarding from
this piece of writing. 슬롯머신
I have bookmarked it and I am anticipating perusing new articles. Keep doing awesome childcare sunbury
The most well-known housing society in Kharian, Sarai Alamgir, nowadays is Citi Housing Kharian, which is situated in the center of the city. In a stunning environment, this gated community offers wonderfully safe and opulent living.
The one-of-a-kind housing complex Citi Housing Kharian offers inhabitants a comprehensive residential concept. Roadways connecting the gated neighborhood to Main Boulevard must be at least 40 feet wide. The lifestyle offered by Citi Housing Jhelum’s worldwide standard of living will boost community standards.
There are incredibly plenty of details this way to take into consideration. Which is a wonderful examine mention. I supply the thoughts above as general inspiration but clearly you’ll find questions like the one you retrieve the spot that the most critical thing is going to be doing work in honest excellent faith. I don?t determine if recommendations have emerged about such things as that, but Most likely that the job is clearly recognized as a reasonable game. Both girls and boys feel the impact of simply a moment’s pleasure, through-out their lives. 토토커뮤니티
Really nice and interesting post. I was looking for this kind of information and enjoyed reading this one. Keep posting. Thanks for sharing. easyuefi professional
A good clear cut answer and a great concept. But how do I post any work on this website is another question. The Foureyed Poet. ดูหนังโป๊
The blogs you produce are really of good quality. I love to read your writings and shall come again to check out the latest posts. Keep it up and please produce something informative about Blue World City .
togel online Agen Darat sudah memiliki lisensi resmi dari Pagcor di Filipina. 1 ID bisa bermain Sportsbook, Live Slot Games, Poker, Lottery, Tembak Ikan. Bisa deposit OVO, DANA, GOPAY dan deposit pulsa.
Appreciate it for this post, I am a big big fan of this internet site would like to continue updated. slot terpercaya
Mate, this website is definitely fabolous, i merely love it hotmail.com
แทงบอล UFABET ผ่านมือถือ เว็บแทงบอลค่าน้ำดี ฝาก-ถอน 24 ชั่วโมง แทงบอลขั้นต่ำ 20 แทงบอลสเต็ป แทงบอลสด แทงบอลเดี่ยว ครบวงจร แอดไลน์ @ufa88v3 แทงบอลโลก
Windows 10 Lite Download
There are actually a number of particulars like that to take into consideration. That could be a great point to deliver up. I offer the ideas above as common inspiration but clearly there are questions just like the one you bring up where the most important factor can be working in sincere good faith. I don?t know if best practices have emerged round issues like that, but I am positive that your job is clearly identified as a fair game. Each boys and girls feel the influence of only a second’s pleasure, for the remainder of their lives. ดูหนังav
wonderful issues altogether, you just won a new reader. What could you suggest about your publish that you made a few days in the past? Any certain? แทงบอล
Recuva Portable Crackeado
The blogs you produce are really of good quality. I love to read your writings and shall come again to check out the latest posts. Keep it up and please produce something informative about.
That appears to be excellent however i am still not too sure that I like it. At any rate will look far more into it and decide personally! judi bola
The blogs you produce are really of good quality. I love to read your writings and shall come again to check out the latest posts. Keep it up and please produce something informative about it.
from: USA digitizing
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon! click to find out more
The website is looking bit flashy and it catches the visitors eyes. Design is pretty simple and a good user friendly interface. Famous News
Avast Driver Updater Key 2022
Chave De Ativação Avast Driver Updater Gratis
I was very pleased to find this website. I wanted to thank you for your time for this wonderful post!! I definitely enjoy reading it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post. buy lucerne hay
The perfect doc I stumbled upon a little while, crank out whatever related to that in such a internet site. slot gacor 4d gampang menang