1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
These electronic systems create a deliberate inherent delay due to safety measures, and many other factors. For this reason, those who want to get rid of annoying lag buy a throttle response controller. Pedal Commander CEO Murat Yılmaz says: “We are excited to sell our product on Amazon.” and “Now over 240 million Amazon customers online can get a reliable and safe performance upgrade for their cars.” So, you can get Pedal Commander on Amazon, by clicking amazon.com/pedalcommander.
Reference : https://www.amazon.com/pedalcommander
I invite you to the page where see how much we have in common. UFABET
Chave de Iobit Malware Fighter 6.6.1
Iobit Malware Fighter 6.6.1 Serial
It is quick to install and unplug. Since Pedal Commander respects the factory settings of your car without damage, it is totally compatible with your original car parts.
Reference : https://www.amazon.com/pedalcommander
https://www.muskanpatel.com/vadodara-escorts.html
Your texts on this subject are correct, see how I wrote this site is really very good. UFABET
Mmm.. estimable to be here in your report or notify, whatever, I repute I should moreover process strong for my have website want I play some salubrious further updated busy in your location. UFABET
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many entertaining stuff in your blog, especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the leisure here! Keep up the good work. I have been meaning to write something like this on my website and you have given me an idea. aktuality
Bukan hanya sekedar sebutan biasa, tapi memang sudah lumrah bahwa domino terkenal akan keroyalan nya kepada seluruh penjudi. Siapapun pemain yang melangsungkan taruhan domino secara rutin, maka selalu diberikan kesempatan untuk meraih profit besar. judi online yang sejak zaman dahulu telah dimainkan oleh ribuan penjudi setiap harinya, kini telah mengalami perubahan cukup signifikan. Tetapi harus selalu diingat, bahwa perubahan tersebut bukan condong ke konteks negatif, melainkan positif Scbet88: Judi online Terpercaya, Bandar Judi Bola, Situs Casino Online. judi online
On this page you can read my interests, write something special. UFABET
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info.
student visa Canada
Your texts on this subject are correct, see how I wrote very good. UFABET
During this website, you will see this shape, i highly recommend you learn this review. UFABET
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking everywhere for this! Thank God I found it on Bing. You have made my day! Thanks again. 토토커뮤니티
I propose merely very good along with reputable data, consequently visualize it: UFABET
My brother recommended I would possibly like this web site. He was once entirely right. This submit truly made my day. You can not consider just how a lot time I had spent for this info! Thank you! 토토커뮤니티
I simply want to tell you that I am new to weblog and definitely liked this blog site. Very likely I’m going to bookmark your blog . You absolutely have wonderful stories. Cheers for sharing with us your blog. UFABET
https://puncak88.pro/
Puncak88 adalah Agen Slot Online Desopit Dana terbaik di Indonesia. Puncak88, salah satu situs slot yang menawarkan permainan judi online khususnya judi slot online. Puncak88 merupakan salah satu situs slot gacor di Indonesia. Dimana kami sudah memiliki reputasi sebagai situs slot gacor winrate tertinggi No.1 dan tentu saja merupakan situs judi slot resmi
According to the sanctioned line from hunt models, all top- position disciplines(. net,. org,. net,. edu,etc.) are treated inversely. However, it does feel as though utmost machines look at. edu links with further favor than other top- position disciplines. mp3 juice
During this website, you will see this shape, i highly recommend you learn this review. discover here
pg888th เข้าสู่ระบบ includes quality 3D slot games from the pg888 pg slot game camp here. meet the promotion And the most bonuses, automatic deposit and withdrawal system
Serial Iobit Uninstaller 8.3
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of push to make this article. I value your work. I just idea it might be a plan to post incase any other person was having issues inquiring about yet I am somewhat uncertain in the event that I am permitted to put names and addresses on here. The site is affectionately adjusted and spared as much as date. So it ought to be, a debt of gratitude is in order for offering this to us. 토토
Selamat datang disitus Sbobet terpercaya, situs yang menyediakan taruhan judi bola terlengkap melalui beberapa provider terbaik di asia. Siapa sangka hadir nya situs sbobet ini pasti mengobati kerinduan penggemar judi bola online yang dimana anda pun bisa melakukan betting lebih mudah, praktis dan pasti nya sangat menguntungkan. Bermain hanya disitus SBOBET88: Situs Agen SBOBET Terpercaya & Daftar Judi Bola SBO Terbaik. Tanpa ada nya penipuan dll, situs sbobet ini sangat terjamin kualitas dan keamanan nya. Maka dari itu sangat dianjurkan untuk bermain disitus sbobet terpercaya, anda bisa merasakan sensasi permainan yang begitu menghibur dengan fitur terlengkap. Customer service yang tersedia 24 jam pun bisa sangat membantu anda untuk melakukan taruhan judi bola disitus Sbobet.
In this case you will begin it is important, it again produces a web site a strong significant internet site: ทางเข้า UFABET
Thanks for sharing the post.. parents are worlds best person in each lives of individual..they need or must succeed to sustain needs of the family. over
Serial Malwarebytes 3.7.1
This is a appropriate blog for everyone who is wants to find out about this topic. You know a whole lot its virtually tough to argue along (not that I personally would want…HaHa). You actually put a new spin over a topic thats been discussing for many years. Fantastic stuff, just fantastic! length of diagonal of rectangle
We Present Pinoy Teleserye Pinoy Lambingan Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana is the new offering from Star Plus. It brings a simple homely story revolving around Sakhuja family. Sakhujas are born to live happy.
it was a wonderful chance to visit this kind of site and I am happy to know. thank you so much for giving us a chance to have this opportunity.. Locations near me
very good post, i certainly enjoy this fabulous website, go on it 토토커뮤니티
I like your post. It is good to see you verbalize from the heart and clarity on this important subject can be easily observed… Website laten maken
Hey! Great post! Please do tell us when we can see a follow up! iso payment processing
.
Wow what a Great Information about World Day its exceptionally pleasant educational post. a debt of gratitude is in order for the post. aktuality
I gotta favorite this website it seems very helpful . acim
This particular papers fabulous, and My spouse and i enjoy each of the perform that you have placed into this. I’m sure that you will be making a really useful place. I has been additionally pleased. Good perform! trust wallet erfahrungen
Thanks for sharing this information. I really like your blog post very much. You have really shared a informative and interesting blog post . Best transport
The information you have posted is very useful. The sites you have referred were good. Thanks for sharing. iso payment processor
I went to this website, and I believe that you have a plenty of excellent information, I have saved your site to my bookmarks. acim
A very excellent blog post. I am thankful for your blog post. I have found a lot of approaches after visiting your post. Modern Resale
Your forum is too good for amazing information. utorrent pro crack
All your hard work is much appreciated. Nobody can stop to admire you. Lots of appreciation. تصليح غاز
Some genuinely nice and utilitarian info on this web site , likewise I think the layout has fantastic features. tiktok video downloader
This is the right blog for anybody who wants to search out out about this topic. You realize a lot its virtually arduous to argue with you (not that I actually would need…HaHa). You positively put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Nice stuff, just nice! 토토커뮤니티
I am glad you take pride in what you write. This makes you stand way out from many other writers that push poorly written content. acim
My husband and i were quite thrilled when Chris could finish up his investigations with the ideas he obtained out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply possibly be giving out tactics which usually others could have been making money from. And we remember we have got the blog owner to give thanks to for that. The explanations you’ve made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you can aid to create – it is everything superb, and it is making our son and the family do think that idea is fun, and that’s pretty essential. Thanks for everything!
صيانة ثلاجات
I just added this blog to my google reader, great stuff. Cannot get enough!
صيانة ثلاجات
Hello, you used to write fantastic articles, but the last several posts have been kinda lackluster… I miss your great articles. Past several posts are just a little out of track!
صيانة ثلاجات
I think one of your advertisings caused my browser to resize, you might want to put that on your blacklist.
صيانة ثلاجات
Thank you so much as you have been willing to share information with us. We will forever admire all you have done here because you have made my work as easy as ABC. acim