1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much. เว็บคาสิโนออนไลน์
Try playing slot for free, all game camps, no need to deposit first. can play slots for free tha
–
the plugin offered by you here has any peculiarities? Thanks in advance for your answer. pos4d
Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work. Genuine Hackers for Hire
Omega is one of the world’s best watch brands. The movements run circles around Rolex, but Rolex has the marketing advantage. In my opinion, the speemadter is the most perfect self wind eatch in the world, and I have owned both and others. When everyone at the used car lot started wearing Submariners. My rare red letter version was sold.
i am very picky about baby toys, so i always choose the best ones; link pos4d
In particular, the transfer to Otemachi Station, which is an extension of Tokyo Station, is notoriously difficult. This is because so many lines were built in Tokyo that the new line had to be deepened or the stations had to be crossed. A typical example is the Oedo Line.옥수동출장안마
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. 릴게임사이트
this turned into honestly an interesting subject matter and i kinda consider what you have got cited here! Whats up, i have browsed most of your posts. This submit is probably wherein i got the most useful data for my studies. Thank you for posting, maybe we can see more in this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject . 토토핫보증업체
Let’s explore this very beautiful site! slot7000
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work baccaratcasinogame
Go here!! slot7000
I am thankful that I discovered this web blog , just the right information that I was searching for! .Typically, Apple announces a press event about a week in advance, and products tend to ship within a couple days to a couple weeks of that event. link pos4d
Thanks for sharing such great information. It is really helpful to me. I always search to read the quality content and finally I found this in your post. keep it up!
Social followers provide the services of social media. You can buy Instagram followers uk to increase your following and boost your social presence.
L’actualité sur le monde des enchères, du design, de la déco et objets rares. Des histoires insolites et une sélection de belles choses à vendre.
fauteuil barcelona occasion
I haven’t checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are really good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend. insurance guides pg slot
I have read your article, it is very informative and helpful for me.I admire the valuable information you offer in your articles. Thanks for posting it.. 바카라카지노
Let me begin by saying nice post. Im not sure if it has been talked concerning, but when using Chrome I will never get the complete site to load while not refreshing over and over. may simply be my laptop. Thanks. link pos4d
childrens clothing should be as comfortable as possible that is why the choice of fabric is also critical, nsfw list of subreddits
an excellent percentage! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who has been undertaking a bit research on this. And he in truth ordered me dinner in reality because i stumbled upon it for him… lol. So permit me to reword this…. Thank you for the meal!! However yeah, thanx for spending time to talk about this rely right here for your site. Hiya, there’s no doubt that your web page could possibly be having net browser compatibility troubles. Every time i look at your website in safari, it seems high-quality but, if establishing in internet explorer, it’s got some overlapping troubles. I just desired to provide you a brief heads up! Besides that, brilliant website online! 바카라보증사이트
i read a lot of stuff and i found that the way of writing to clearifing that exactly want to say was very good so i am impressed and ilike to come again in future.. 카지노사이트
wow, awesome article post.Really thank you! Really Cool. คาสิโนออนไลน์
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. Satta king
I think this article will help you make a lot of money thabet
I love the efforts you have put in this, thank you for all the great post. read more
.
very good points you wrote right here.. Great stuff…i assume you’ve made a few without a doubt thrilling factors. Preserve up the best work. Attempting to mention thanks won’t truly be ok, for the extraordinary lucidity in your article. I’m able to legitimately get your rss to stay knowledgeable regarding any updates. Superb work and plenty accomplishment in your commercial enterprise endeavors. Thank you for the excellent blog. It turned into very beneficial for me. I’m glad i discovered this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,i too constantly examine something new from your post. Thanks for each different informative web page. The region else may additionally just i get that type of information written in such a really perfect approach? I have a assignment that i’m simply now operating on, and i have been on the look out for such statistics 사설토토주소
You can offer anything to wear during sex. They are experienced in different poses as per their customers’ choice. And we are contact for our agencies Escort Service In Bareilley. Full Night Entertainment with hot girls, younger girs, and best offer avilable, free home deleivery provide in your city Bareilley.
<img src="https://www.gurgaoncallgirlsagency.com/images/slider/03-banner.jpg" alt="Gurgaon Call girls" width="750" height="3
Wonderful article, thanks for putting this together! This is obviously one great post. Thanks for the valuable information and insights you have so provided here. 온라인카지노
most of anything you say is astonishingly legitimate and it makes me ponder the reason why i hadn’t looked at this with this light before. This particular piece surely did flip the light on for me in my view as far as this difficulty is going. Though there is clearly one aspect i’m not too comfortable with so at the same time as i take some time to reconcile that with the middle theme of your function, permit me observe simply what all of the rest of the readers have to say. Well done. I’m simply digging the template/theme of this weblog. It’s easy, yet effective. A variety of instances it’s very tough to get that “best balance” between usability and look. I should say which you’ve achieved a amazing task with this. Additionally, the weblog loads very fast for me on chrome. Outstanding weblog ! Amazing work ! That is the form of facts which might be speculated to be shared throughout the net. 토토사이트
Wonderful article, thanks for putting this together! This is obviously one great post. Thanks for the valuable information and insights you have so provided here.
토토사이트
Hey there, You have done an excellent job. I’ll definitely digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I’m confident they’ll be benefited from this website. login pos4d
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. fbisd skyward
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. shift scheduling
I exploit solely premium quality products — you will observe these individuals on: mangga2bet
this turned into honestly an interesting subject matter and i kinda consider what you have got cited here! Whats up, i have browsed most of your posts. This submit is probably wherein i got the most useful data for my studies. Thank you for posting, maybe we can see more in this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject . 우리카지노
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more information? It is extremely helpful for me. staff scheduling software
Thank you, I’ve recently been searching for info about this subject for ages and yours is the best I have discovered so far. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source? login pos4d
Until the early and mid-2010s, there were many places where Wi-Fi did not work, and there are still many cases where there is no soap in the bathroom.용답동출장안마
I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. Watch movie online No Sign up
I truly appreciate this post. I?ve been looking everywhere for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You have made my day! Thanks again Buy 360 photo booth online
Some really interesting points you have written. Assisted me a lot, just what I was looking for : D. UnitedFinances small payday loans no credit check
I high appreciate this post. It’s hard to find the good from the bad sometimes, but I think you’ve nailed it! would you mind updating your blog with more information? Satta king
howdy, I am ranking the crap out of “free justin bieber stuff”. login pos4d
I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative.. scheduling software
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with extra information? It is extremely helpful for me. free movie streaming sites
good article. 3D EXCAVATOR GRADE CONTROL SYSTEM
i’m clearly enjoying the design and format of your web site. It’s a very clean at the eyes which makes it an awful lot greater best for me to come here and go to more frequently. Did you rent out a developer to create your subject? Excellent work! Thanks on your publish, i look for such article along time, these days i find it sooner or later. This publish supply me lots of propose it’s miles very beneficial for me . Hiya, the whole thing is going sound right here and ofcourse every one is sharing statistics, that’s actually nice, preserve up writing. Such a completely beneficial article. Very thrilling to study this article. I would like to thank you for the efforts you had made for writing this incredible article. 카지노커뮤니티
i certainly inspired after study this because of a few high-quality work and informative thoughts. I just wanna say thanks to the writer and wish you all the fine for coming!. We at unique submission. We’ve got our ability in each form of on-line venture assist which includes dissertation writing, essay writing, task composing, studies idea writing, admission essay composing, coursework composing and plenty of more. Fantastic blog i visit this blog it’s sincerely top notch. The vital factor is that in this blog content material written in reality and understandable. The content material of statistics may be very informative. Thanks for sharing! If you are using a garmin explicit device, an update will provide you more moderen features because the agency constantly works on growing their older capabilities to present customers a better experience. 바카라사이트
Fantastic article.Thanks Again. Keep writing. https://formaggiohonolulu.com/onlinecasinominimum5baht/
Creston Residence Condo by Melville Pte Ltd. Hotline 69004123. Get Discounts, Direct Developer Price, Brochure, Floor Plan, Price List & More. Creston Residences Showroom