1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
ทางเราจะมา รีวิวเกม SLOT XO และ ได้นำรายละเอียด ที่เกี่ยวกับเกม SLOT XO มีการพัฒนา เกมไปเรื่อยๆ สล็อต ผู้เล่นควรทำความเข้าใจ ที่เกี่ยวกับรูปลักษณ์ ในอัตราการจ่ายเงินที่ง่ายขึ้น จากค่าย SLOT XO MEGA GAME ที่อัพเดตเกมทุก ๆ สัปดาห์ผู้ที่ถนัด ที่เปิดมาในหลาย ๆ ปีแล้ว เป็นเกม SLOT XO ที่กำลังเป็นใน ที่มีคนชื่นชอบมาก ๆ ในตอนนี้
In this article understand the most important thing, the item will give you a keyword rich link a great useful website page: 꽁머니
Interesting and interesting information can be found on this topic here profile worth to see it. 꽁머니
It was a very good post indeed. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it in my lunch time. Will surely come and visit this blog more often. Thanks for sharing. tiktok analytics
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. 토토커뮤니티
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for your site. You have some really great posts and I feel I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an email if interested. Thank you! tiktok analytics
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. collapsible cup
womens shoes
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. đồng hồ srwatch
Cement yourself as a trusted voice in your niche. Build equity in your brand and attract new followers by bringing on special guests. When they’re ready to invest in paid solutions, you’ll be top of mind.
Why semrush is best seo software
Dive deeper with your most dedicated customers. Create a members-only podcast to give them a convenient new way to consume your premium content, or use your free podcast to upsell your paid products and services.
Grammarly Review
Leverage one of the most accessible and discoverable mediums to reach your potential customers. With podcasts, you literally have a direct line straight into their ear. Grab their attention like no other medium can.
WordPress chat room plugins
Turn podcast listeners into paying customers with Kajabi’s intuitive suite of tools
Free Blog On Google Blog
Give your customers full access to your content with the new Kajabi mobile app. Get ready for deeper engagement, more connections, and more learning as your audience truly connects with your courses, communities, and resources. Included with every Kajabi plan.
Top 12 Highest Earning Bloggers
Connected customers spend more. Truly successful businesses invest in connecting with their customers. And you’ve worked hard to build real connections with your community. So why give your hard work away? Gather your customers into your community on your terms.
symbols-on-the-twitterapp
Keep track of the real humans your business serves. Tag people based on their behavior, make personal notes, and then use that in your marketing, automations and products.
Email Marketing service providers
Let Kajabi Pipelines optimize, automate, and scale your business so you can focus on what fuels you instead. With custom automation triggers and full platform integration, you’ll be able to create personal experiences for your audience without extra effort for you and your team.
Email Marketing service providers
Pick a theme. Customize with near limitless design flexibility. Then publish. Your page is now fully integrated with the rest of your business.
Cheapest WordPress Hosting
Grow, manage, and reach your subscribers with customizable emails. Kajabi Email’s new visual builder lets you quickly create and send gorgeous messages that integrate video, countdown timers, automations, and more… building strong audience relationships.
CrocoBlock Review
Make informed decisions with thoughtful, real-time insights into your business. View reports, user forecasting, customer progress tracking, and see how customers are engaging with your business. Then make your next move feeling confident in your data.
Highest Paying Survey Sites
When you use a genuine service, you will be able to provide instructions, share materials and choose the formatting style. Kratom shop
Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work. judi bola terpercaya
The term “railroad” means a transportation system in which railway facilities, railway vehicles, and related operation and support systems necessary for transporting passengers or cargo are organically organized.암사출장마사지
ทดลองเล่นสล็อตไม่ต้องฝากก่อน เล่นได้ก่อนใครๆ พร้อมเครดิตฟรีในเกม และยังมีเกมให้เลือกเล่นมากยิ่งกว่า 100 เกม pgwallet เลือกเล่นได้อย่างจุใจ พร้อมด้วยโบนัสแล้วก็แจ็คพอต มากมายก่ายกอง สล็อตเว็บตรง ฝากขั้นต่ำเพียงแค่ 100 บาท อย่าพลาดโอกาสดีๆแบบนี้ ทดลองเล่นเลย เกมสล็อต PG GAME
Thanks for the information provided! Maintain the good performance of your site. You can also check my site kaolin export
Members of the Humanitarian Coalition are providing emergency assistance to the people of Ukraine. Make a donation today. donate ukraine DONATE NOW …
Thank you very much for this great post.I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles.
bus trips
It has been thought since B.C. that it is a dedicated route for transportation that reduces friction to speed up and put less effort into it. The oldest record of the rail is the carriageway of the Corinth Strait in Greece around 600 BC, which was narrow enough to place a canal in modern times and was often handed over from the strait to the strait on the other side, and it was said to have been useful since the Greek era and 1,000 years later.천호출장마사지
Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue, so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.
alcohol detox centers in Florida.
Harga Jayamix
Kami Prima Mixer membantu pekerjaan pengecoran beton Anda menjadi lebih mudah. Selain itu, harga ready mix dengan kualitas beton yang kokoh kami berikan untuk keuntungan Anda.
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here Buy N26 Account
Wow! ✅ This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs we’ve ever arrive across on this subject. It’s really great. I’ve also written some articles on this topic therefore you can visit buy fake documents online
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here Buy PayPal business Account
Wow! ✅ This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs we’ve ever arrive across on this subject. It’s really great. I’ve also written some articles on this topic therefore you can visit Buy Stripe Account
I was reading some of your content on this website and I conceive this internet site is really informative ! Keep on putting up. Kanādas ETA
I have seen that every person wants to express their feelings but they are not able to express their feelings properly in words but the content you have written in your post is very beautiful, it seems that you have expressed your feelings Has expressed. Hi, you are a person who writes a very beautiful post, in the same way, you keep writing new posts in your life, our best wishes are with you
http://hellgirls.in/
Thanks for your insight for your fantastic posting. I’m glad I have taken the time to see this. INDIA BUSINESS VISA
British explorer Robert Falcon Scott on the Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904 was the first to attempt to find a route from the Antarctic coastline to the South Pole. Scott, accompanied by Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson, set out with the aim of travelling as far south as possible, and on 31 December 1902, reached 82°16′ S. Shackleton later returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic Expedition (Nimrod Expedition) in a bid to reach the Pole. On 9 January 1909, with three companions, he reached 88°23′ S – 112 miles (180 km) from the Pole – before being forced to turn back.먹튀검증
all the technical KINGDOM777 solutions and staff we need for 에볼루션코리아 operators who provide world
เล่นง่าย ได้เงินจริง การันตีเรื่องการเงิน
http://www.texasmaxx.com
I had a lot of fun at this Olympics, but something was missing. I hope there’s an audience next time.안전토토사이트
^^
CasinoMecca
CasinoMecca
keonhacai
All things considered I read it yesterday yet I had a few musings about it and today I needed to peruse it again in light of the fact that it is very elegantly composed. https://360digitmg.com/course/data-analytics-using-python-r
Situs Judi Bola Online Resmi Terpercaya Banyak Bonus Di Agen 389Sports
Sebuah situs judi bola resmi 389Sports ini sudah tidak asing lagi bagi para bettor di indonesia dimana sangat terpopuler. Di situs judi bola ini banyak sekali hadiah yang bisa kalian dapatkan setiap harinya dengan sangat mudah. Permainan yang sangat simple memudahkan para pengguna ketika bergabung dan bermain di situs judi bola ini.
Terlebih itu di situs judi bola ini sudah tersedia pelayanan 24 jam non stop tanpa henti apa yang menjadi kebutuhan kalian di situs judi bola ini bisa secara langsung ditanyakan. Proses pendaftaran di desain dengan sangat simple bertujuan memudahkan para pengguna baru yang mendaftar di situs judi bola online kami. Ayo segera daftar dan mainkan sekarang raih keuntungan hingga ratusan juta rupiah.
cool you write, the information is very good and interesting, I’ll give you a link to my site. 온라인카지노
Thank you for this wonderful post, great article, keep up the excellent work. Check out our blog Best DU LLB Coaching in Delhi
I just thought it may be an idea to post incase anyone else was having problems researching but I am a little unsure if I am allowed to put names and addresses on here.
https://tamil-news.org/
Tamil-news is a website dedicated to entertainment, news, and trends, and our primary focus is on acquainting audiences throughout the world with current celebrity-related phenomena and stories.