1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
ทักทายนักเสี่ยงโชคชาว BETFLIX เว็บไซต์เกม การเดิมพันที่ทุกคน ต้องลอง สำหรับ เว็บเดิมพันออนไลน์ เว็บตรง เป็น1เว็บผู้ให้บริการ เว็บหลัก BETFLIX ได้อัปเดต การใช้งาน ที่มีคุณภาพ และ ได้รวบรวมเกม เดิมพันต่างๆ ของ คาสิโน รวบรวมไว้อยู่ใน เว็บตรง นักเสี่ยงโชค สามารถเลือกเล่นเกม เดิมพันได้ตามใจชอบ พร้อมทั้งรูปแบบ การให้บริการต่างๆ ที่มีความทันสมัย และ ได้จัดเต็มคัดสรรเกม เดิมพันชั้นนำที่มีคุณภาพ ให้นักเสี่ยงโชค ผู้เล่นนั้นเข้าไปเลือกใช้ งานอย่าง เกมในคาสิโนเช่น บาคาร่า รูเล็ต เสือมังกร ไฮโล และ อีกทั้งยังมีเกมเดิมพันต่างๆ เช่น สล็อต มวย หวย ไก่ชน และ เกมเดิมพันการกีฬา ก็มีครบให้ท่านนั้นได้เลือก MEGA GAME คือศูนย์รวมเกมเดิม พันรุ่นใหม่ได้ที่ ได้รับความนิยม
Now i’m actually very happy to locate this web site and also would take pleasure in studying beneficial posts published the following. The particular tips with the creator has been great, thank you for your discuss. 강남가라오케
M39HD
M39HD.com ดูหนังผ่านอินเตอร์เน็ต ดูหนัง
นึกถึงพวกเรา ดูหนังฟรี พร้อมแอพดูหนังผ่านเน็ต จบปัญหาหนังกระตุก ดูหนังผ่านแอพในโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ได้เลย หนังออนไลน์
หนังชนโรงมีทุกเรื่อง ดูหนังผ่านอินเตอร์เน็ต,มอง หนัง ออนไลน์,ดูหนัง,หนัีง,หนัง,หนังออนไลน์,มอง ดูหนังออนไลน์
หนัง,หนังใหม่,หนัง ใหม่,ดูหนังผ่านอินเตอร์เน็ตฟรี,หน้ังใหม่,หนีงออนไลน์,หนัง ใหม่ 2021,มอง หนัง ออนไลน์ 2021,ดหนัง,หนัง hd,หนัง ออนไลน์ 2021, ดูหนังผ่านเน็ตผ่านเว็บไซต์ m39hd โดยการเซิร์ช Google
We absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s to be exactly what I’m looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content to suit your needs? I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on some of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome weblog! I’m happy for you to promote any of the menus or blog pages
bedah.id
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. AMERICA VISA FOR DUTCH CITIZENS
You have a good point here!I totally agree with what you have said!!Thanks for sharing your views…hope more people will read this article!!! Visa pour l’Inde
Thanks for the information provided! Maintain the good performance of your site. You can also check my site kaolin pectin
I truly like you’re composing style, incredible data, thankyou for posting. your bizzare adventure codes
New site is solid. A debt of gratitude is in order for the colossal exertion. your bizzare adventure codes
Thank you for some other informative website. The place else may just I get that kind of information written in such a perfect method? I have a venture that I am simply now running on, and I’ve been at the glance out for such info. sildalis 120mg
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! tesler
You’ve got some interesting points in this article. I would have never considered any of these if I didn’t come across this. Thanks!. Visa de turista de Canadá
i really like this article please keep it up. Visa Bisnis India
muy buen articulo escorts
me encanta este tipo de articulos escorts
me encanta estas noticias escorts
excelente articulo escorts
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. skyward fbisd
Turkey Visa Eligibility
i am always looking for some free stuffs over the internet. there are also some companies which gives free samples.
CasinoMecca
카지노검증
Really nice information, Glad to read it.
http://149.129.213.19/
I was looking it for so long , and i found it finally that i know it will help me .
파워볼분석
cant imagine if those things would disappear and eventually gone.
토토
This type of article that enlighted me all throughout and thanks for this.This going to be excitement and have fun to read. thank to it. check this out to for further exciting.
온라인카지노
<
We must be more passionate about everything espeCially when it comes in our nature and environment check this out also >>
온라인카지노
cant imagine if those things would disappear and eventually gone. 토토
I’m a little afraid to say an opinion that’s against the norm, I don’t want to get bashed. smm reseller panel
of course internet dating is the trend these days, you can meet lots of people on the internet. fortnitegirls
Mainkan demo slot pragmatic di akun demo slot
We are a bunch of volunteers and starting a new scheme in our community. Your web site provided us with valuable information to work on. You have done a formidable activity and our entire neighborhood will be thankful to you. dark web
It is actually all at once a great put which i quite savored surfing. Is not really routine that give the outlook to see items. best vpn for tor
My brother recommended I might like this web site. He was entirely right. This post truly made my day. You can not imagine just how much time I had spent for this information! Thanks! data entry provider
this explanation is easy to understand. thanks for make it easy for me! i can implement it to my company Jasa import dari China
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to buy kamagra 100mg
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to! buy kamagra 100mg
We are Cloud Engineering Job Portal the world’s leading job portal for Cloud Computing professionals. We connect talented individuals with the best companies in the industry, making it easy for everyone to find their dream job and advance their career. We are passionate about what we do, and we believe that finding the right job is key to happiness and success. We will help you find your dream job and reach your career goals
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Cheers! ข่าวแมนยููล่าสุด
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful info. Thanks for the post. I’ll definitely comeback. เว็บไซต์แมนยู
I am really inspired with your writing talent well with the layout to your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it your self? Anyway stay up the excellent high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one nowadays. เว็บไซต์แมนยู
I see that you are using WordPress on your blog, wordpress is the best.*:~-” ข่าวแมนยููล่าสุด
If your friend does not answer, you can leave a video message. You can Pay Per Click or the Pay Per Impression. 온라인카지노
Admiring the time and effort you put into your website and in depth information you present. It’s good to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same old rehashed information. Wonderful read! I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account. 온라인카지노
site1339
Keunggulan Bermain Slot Online Di 389Sports
389Sports merupakan salah satu provider slot online ternyaman dan terbaik dengan pelayanan customer first. Dimana kami selalu memberikan pelayanan yang sangat cepat dan sangat mudah. Kami selalu menjaga kenyamanan dan kepercayaan para pelanggan member setia dan para pelanggan member baru kami. Dengan memberikan bonus berlimpah dan promo menarik di setiap harinya,
site1353
Fabulous post✅ you have denoted out some fantastic points regarding read more
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. sildalis 120mg