by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

165,578 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  7. 먹튀검증 Lee Hae-in participated in the world championships as the second-highest qualification after Kim Ye-rim, who was originally planning to participate in the tournament, was confirmed to be infected with the novel

  8. 먹튀검증커뮤니티 Lee Hae-in, who ranked 10th in the tournament last year, will try to enter the “top 10” for the second consecutive year. Kaori Sakamoto, a bronze medalist at the Beijing Olympics, topped the short program with

  9. 먹튀검증커뮤니티 On the 25th, Lee Woo-kyung beat Lee Mi-rae 3-0 in the first round of LPBA round of 16 at the “SK Rent-a-LPBA World Championship 2022” held at Bitmaru Broadcasting Center in Goyang, Gyeonggi-do.

  10. 먹튀검증커뮤니티 Earlier, Group F Lee Mi-rae beat Choi Hye-mi and Lim Jung-sook 2-0 and 2-1, respectively, but lost 1-2 to Lee Ji-yeon at the last minute, stepping on the threshold of the round of 16 with two wins and one

  11. 안전놀이터 After calmly digesting the following flying camel spin and sit spin, he completed the combination jump by attaching a double toe loop to a triple flip in the final jump task, and stably handled the change foot

  12. 안전놀이터 Luna Hendrix is second with 75.00 points and Maria Bell is third with 72.55. The women’s single free skate, in which the top 24 short program players advance, will be held from 2 a.m. on the 26th in Korean time.

  13. 안전놀이터순위 LPBA powerhouse Lee Mi-rae could not hide her bitter look as she failed to challenge for the quarterfinals. On the other hand, Cha Yu-ram neatly advanced to the quarterfinals with a shut-out victory.

  14. Thanks for the post. I like your writing style – I’m trying to start a blog myself, I think I might read thru all your posts for some suggestions! Thanks once more. poker online

  15. I visit your blog regularly and recommend it to all of those who wanted to enhance their knowledge with ease. The style of writing is excellent and also the content is top-notch. Thanks for that shrewdness you provide the readers! Kratom products

  19. En güzel aşkların yaşandığı sohbet odaları sayesinde artık yalnız kalmıyorsunuz. Sitemiz sayesinde aradığınız aşkı çok kısa sürede bulacaksınız. Eğlencenin, aşkın, duyguların ön planda olduğu şehirde mutlaka sizleri anlayan birileri vardır. Tamamen ücretsiz olan sohbet sitelerinde birbirinden güzel bayanlar ve erkekler sizleri bekliyor. Artık karamsarlığı düşmek için bir nedeniniz kalmadı. İnsanların en çok yaşadığı sıkıntılar kendilerini ifade edememeleri ya da birileriyle denk gelip duyguları hakkında konuşamamalarıdır. Sohbet arkadaş sitesi sayesinde beğendiğiniz kişilerle kısa sürede tanışıp yeni dostluklar yeni arkadaşlıklar yakalayabilirsiniz. Milyonlarca kullanıcıyı bir araya getiren bu sitelerde sizde en güzel aşkı bulacaksınız.

    Site : https://www.simarik.net/

  22. I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike other blogs I have read which are really not that good.Thanks alot! Full PU track

  23. I’m happy I located this blog! From time to time, students want to cognitive the keys of productive literary essays composing. Your first-class knowledge about this good post can become a proper basis for such people. nice one PODCAST COMPANIES

  29. It has fully emerged to crown Singapore’s southern shores and undoubtedly placed her on the global map of residential landmarks. I still scored the more points than I ever have in a season for GS. I think you would be hard pressed to find somebody with the same consistency I have had over the years so I am happy with that. ECOMMERCE SEO

  30. I recently came across your article and have been reading along. I want to express my admiration of your writing skill and ability to make readers read from the beginning to the end. I would like to read newer posts and to share my thoughts with you. PODCAST ADVERTISING AGENCY

  31. Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! FULL SERVICE PODCAST AGENCY

  41. 온라인슬롯

    안전하게 검증된 온라인 슬롯머신 게임, 슬롯사이트를 추천 소개해드립니다. 현재 국내에서 가장 인기가 많고 다채로운 온라인슬롯 게임을 제공하는 사이트들을 지금 바로 플레이 해보세요.

  42. Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive! author acim

  43. Really I enjoy your site with effective and useful information. It is included very nice post with a lot of our resources.thanks for share. i enjoy this post. 6.8 spc ammo

  45. Bu arama motorları Google, Bing, Yahoo veya DuckDuckGo olabilir . Arama Motoru Optimizasyonu, web sitenizin organik trafiğini artırmaya ve korumaya kendini adamıştır.

  47. Buy Cow /Ox Gallstone Available On Stock Now @ (WhatsApp: +237673528224)

    DESCRIPTION
    -Full substance,
    -100% machine flayed
    -No ticks, no scratches, no humps
    -Size: 32 to 40 sq. ft.
    -Average size: 36 sq. ft.
    -Weight: 22kgs to 32kg
    -Average weight: 25kgs
    -Selection: 80% A/B, 20% C/D
    -Male 75% / Female 25%
    -1 x 40 container = 1700-2000 hides
    -Availability: 10 x 40 ft container
    – Impurity: No sand, No dust, No mud, No foreign object, no fats and no meat
    – Not available: No hair slip problem, No rotten Hides, No fats and meat on the Hides, No

    mule
    – No Holes, No Cuts, No Reheated,
    -Sand: non and clean from any other dust or mud.

    All Inquiries Below

    Email: infodocuments4@gmail.com
    WhatsApp: +237673528224

    Cow /Ox Gallstones

    Specifications

    Cow /Ox Gallstones for sale for (wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 80% / 20% )
    We are full time exporters of high quality natural ox gallstone.
    Our product obtained from disease free cattle.
    We can supply up to 10 Kg. monthly. Shipment prompt by air courier (DHL).

    Price depends on the ratio of wholestone / brokenstone.

    wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 80% / 20%
    wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 70%/30%
    wholestone / brokenstone ratio is 60%/40%

    Functions:

    To clear heat and release toxins.
    To eliminate endogenous wind and stop convulsions.
    to resolve phlegm and promote resuscitation.If you wish to try out what we
    have,then we will be so much so pleased to get your inquiry.

  48. Buy 100% undetectable counterfeit money grade A $,€,£ and SSD Chemical @ (infodocuments4@gmail.com)

    We are the best and Unique producer of HIGH QUALITY Undetectable Counterfeit Banknotes, with over a billion
    of our products circulating around the world. We supply only original high-quality counterfeit currency NOTES
    to all countries worldwide.
    THESE BANKNOTES ARE HIGHLY INDISTINGUISHABLE TO THE TOUCH AND FEEL OF THE HANDS AND LOOK OF THE NAKED EYES.
    THIS MONEY CARRIES INDIVIDUAL SERIALS AND BYPASS ALL SECURITY TEST INCLUDING UV- LIGHT AND IODINE COUNTERFEIT PEN MARKER.

    We offer high quality counterfeit NOTES for the following currencies;

    EUR – Euro
    USD – US Dollar
    DNR – DINAR
    GBP – British Pound
    INR – Indian Rupee
    AUD – Australian Dollar
    CAD – Canadian Dollar
    AED – Emirati Dirham
    ZAR – Rand
    CHF – Swiss Franc
    CNY – Chinese Yuan Renminbi
    MYR – Malaysian Ringgit
    THB – Thai Baht

    SHIPPING:

    1. I shall send it during 3 business of days after reception of your payment.
    2. I SHIP INTERNATIONALLY (WORLDWIDE).
    3. I send Registered AIR MAIL (with Tracking Number)
    4. The delivery of item usually takes up to 5 working days due the slow postal services and strict custom clearances.

    All Inquiries Below
    Email: infodocuments4@gmail.com
    WhatsApp: +237673528224

  49. OBCTOP Adalah situs judi online terpercaya, yang membuka akun taruhan judi bola di bandar judi bola terpercaya dengan bonus cashback sports hingga 10%

    Judi Online

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *