1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
when using hair dryers, it would be better to use those low wattage types because they are not very damaging to the hair~ dewabet
I really appreciate the kind of topics you post here. Thanks for sharing us a great information that is actually helpful. Good day! Tadalafil zu verkaufen
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.. Wie Wirkt Tadalafil
eye glasses are not only stylish but they can also protect your eyes from contaminants” dewabet
very interesting keep posting. Adderall xr kaufen
nice post, keep up with this interesting work. It really is good to know that this topic is being covered also on this web site so cheers for taking time to discuss this! read more
Models websites on top of that you will discover extra place is definitely hilarious on top of that functional It again appoints absolutely everyone click get sanctuary encore. I actually should certainly is going to punctually snatch models feast to be in up to date in touch with any kind of information. spray foam insulation
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. adderall zu verkaufen
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. Adderall Xr Kapseln Zu Verkaufen
This would be the right blog for everyone who is wants to find out about this topic. You already know a great deal its practically tricky to argue on hand (not that I really would want…HaHa). You actually put the latest spin on the topic thats been written about for several years. Excellent stuff, just excellent! UK FAKE ID
Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article. I will be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful information. Thanks for the post. I’ll certainly comeback. Work Boots
If you’re interested in having a guest blog websiteer please let me recognize. I’ll give you with unique content for your webstie, thanks. sagame
When a blind man bears the standard pity those who follow…. Where ignorance is bliss ‘tis folly to be wise…. increase website conversions
This original shows entirely desirable. All of limited data files have decided by way of great number from past experiences efficient practical knowledge. So i am inclined it again ever again substantially. News
BETFLIX สำหรับผู้เล่น ที่ต้องการ เล่นบาคาร่าให้ได้เงิน มักจะมี คำถามว่าจะต้องเล่น อย่างไรถึงจะ มีโอกาสทำเงิน ได้มากกว่าเสีย บอกได้เลยว่าไม่ยากเลยเพราะในวันนี้ BETFLIX จะมา สอนเล่นบาคาร่า ที่จะทำให้ ผู้เล่นมีโอกาส ทำเงินได้ง่ายขึ้น กว่าการเล่นด้วยตัวเอง เรารับประกัน ได้ว่า ถ้าหากนำเทคนิค ไปใช้อย่างเหมาะสม ก็จะสามารถทำเงินได้ตาม ที่ผู้เล่นตั้งใจ
This is very educational content and written well for a change. It’s nice to see that some people still understand how to write a quality post.! pg slot
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. centraline motori benzina aspirati
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. aumentare prestazioni bmw
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. MUSIC MARKETING AGENCY
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post. MUSIC BRANDING AGENCY
Wow! This could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on thesubject. Actually excellent info! I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.
ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. MUSIC DIGITAL MARKETING AGENCY
I just extra this particular give food to to my book marks. I must say, I truly take pleasure in reading the weblogs. Continue the good work! ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
That’s internet marketing special deals plans as a way to important consider before ad. Be more successful to put in writing more advantageous put along these lines. biohoney manuka honey
That are definitely excellent. Many of these tiny details are made getting lot of background knowledge. I am interested in them plenty. biohoney manuka honey
Oh my goodness! a wonderful post dude. Thanks a lot Even so We are experiencing issue with ur rss . Don’t know why Not able to sign up to it. Possibly there is anybody finding identical rss problem? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thnkx baixar video tiktok
This internet site is my breathing in, very great pattern and perfect content . commercial plots for sale in lahore
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this before. So good to find any individual with some original thoughts on this subject. realy thanks for starting this up. this web site is one thing that’s needed on the web, someone with just a little originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the internet! https://ssstik.io/pt
Develop performance-oriented and human-centric web applications and other innovative solutions with our react js development company Services. Our React JS Development Company has over 7 years of experience in helping SMBs and Fortune 500 companies enhance their digital presence and scalability by embracing avant-garde technological innovations at just $10 per hour.
This was a really great contest and hopefully I can attend the next one. It was alot of fun and I really enjoyed myself.. 樂威壯價格
I recently found many useful information in your website especially this blog page. Among the lots of comments on your articles. Thanks for sharing. ทดลองเล่นบาคาร่า
This is really smart blog. I imply it. You have so much knowledge about this issue, and so good deal passion. You also know ideal make ladies rally behind it, obviously from the responses. Youve obtained a style here thats not too flashy, but makes a statement as big as what youre saying. Excellent work, indeed. เกมสล็อต
In the world of www, there are countless blogs. But believe me, this blog has all the perfection that makes it unique in all. I will be back again and again. Qadeer Khatri
I appreciate several from the Information which has been composed, and especially the remarks posted I will visit once more. 슬롯사이트
I want reading through and I conceive this website got some really utilitarian stuff on it! . cheap land for sale in lahore
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. casino bonus
Thanks for your valuable post, Really nice and very informative. Billie Eilish Lyrics.
In the world of www, there are countless blogs. But believe me, this blog has all the perfection that makes it unique in all. I will be back again and again. facebook
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search…Its a good post..keep posting and update the information. casino bonus
betflix คาสิโนออนไลน์เว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ แจกเครดิตฟรี ที่สำคัญเว็บของเรายังมีบริการฝากถอนเงินแบบออโต้ ที่รวดเร็วรองรับได้ทุกบัญชีธนาคาร batflik68
I love the way you write and share your niche! Very interesting and different! Keep it coming! Τουρκική διαδικτυακή εφαρμογή Visa
Thanks for your valuable post, Really nice and very informative. Hurt Christina Aguilera Lyrics.
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. casino bonus
I high appreciate this post. It’s hard to find the good from the bad sometimes, but I think you’ve nailed it! would you mind updating your blog with more information เว็บคาสิโน
cgf
Thanks for your valuable post, Really nice and very informative. Ellie Goulding.
I enjoy the variety of blogposts, I actually certainly favored, I like more knowledge about them, considering it is rather excellent., All the best designed for revealing. Power supply control
Whenever i became on your site while having particular attention easily a bit of tiny bit submits. Pleasing technique for long run, I’ll be book-marking at the moment have models accomplish springs right up. Bar lighting
Thanks for your valuable post, Really nice and very informative. Fever Dua Lipa Lyrics.
Great article with excellent idea!Thank you for such a valuable article. I really appreciate for this great information.. Lowes pet policy
Thanks for your valuable post, Really nice and very informative. Molly McCann.