1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
It is a great website.. The Design looks very good.. Keep working like that!. slot online
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! folifort before and after pictures
I like this post a lot. i’ll undoubtedly be back. Hope that i’ll be able to read a lot of insightful posts then. are sharing your data with all of my friends! غلاف جواز السفر السعودي
We are waiting for you at cliniqa, the best dental clinic in Istanbul.
Ordinary this submit is totaly unrelated to what I was looking out google for, nevertheless it was indexed at the first page. I suppose your doing something proper if Google likes you enough to place you at the first page of a non related search. cargador de celular tipo c
We are waiting for you at cliniqa, the best dental clinic in Istanbul.
https://cliniqaworld.com
Gclub เว็บไซต์พนันออนไลน์ พร้อมให้บริการด้วยระบบที่เสถียรที่สุด เราให้บริการความบันเทิงครบวงจร
A lot of thanks for all your hard work on this website. Kim delights in setting aside time for investigations and it’s really easy to see why. We all learn all regarding the dynamic tactic you make sensible suggestions by means of the website and in addition foster participation from people on that topic then our own princess is actually discovering so much. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You have been carrying out a wonderful job. cargador hora tipo c
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking all over for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You’ve made my day! Thx again! cargador usb tipo c
Running out of money? Don’t worry because it wouldn’t impact your intercourse anymore. You can find the escorts in islamabad pakistan escort girl from here. We provide budget-friendly escort service in PAKISTAN so that one can satisfy his concupiscence in a few bucks.
“It’s amazing in support of me to have a site, which is good
in favor of my know-how. thanks admin” bitmain antminer s19j pro
It is a very nice stuff you are sharing us! Thanks for it ! lotto88
Nice article and fully information for rumah kayu minimalis.
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. auto shipping
Wow, excellent post. I’d like to draft like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article. This post has encouraged me to write some posts that I am going to write soon. 강남셔츠룸
In this section hotgraph argument
Many thanks for making the effort to discuss this, I feel strongly about this and like learning a great deal more on this matter. If feasible, as you gain knowledge, would you mind updating your webpage with a great deal more info? It’s really helpful for me. cargador entrada tipo
Your blogs further more each else volume is so entertaining further serviceable It appoints me to befall retreat encore. I will instantly grab your RSS feed to stay informed of any updates. ฟรีเครดิต
It is my first visit to your blog, and I am very impressed with the articles that you serve. Give adequate knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful material. I will be back for the more great post. 강남셔츠룸
Your post has those facts which are not accessible from anywhere else. It’s my humble request to u please keep writing such remarkable articles PinoyFlix
Greetings! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a team of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us beneficial information to work on. You have done a wonderful job! k86sport
Have you ever thought about publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other websites? I have a blog based on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would value your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an e mail. situs slot gacor
Have you ever thought about publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other websites? I have a blog based on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would value your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an e mail. situs slot gacor
Event Planning Bay Area is a tricky work that involves Arranging conferences or routines, and it might be a demanding vocation route. Planners really have to multitask on numerous Careers simultaneously, satisfy various deadlines, and coordinate the exercise of many substitute groups of individuals.
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. 인천오피
Hello team this blog is really very amazing and i found this blog really fantastic. I really apperciate these types of blog. Thanks for sharing with us such an informational blog. Eicher 188
I am always searching online for articles that can help me. There is obviously a lot to know about this. I think you made some good points in Features also. Keep working, great job walk-in cooler repair
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. Used car dealer
Considerably, the article is in reality the most excellent on this precious topic. I harmonise with your conclusions and can eagerly look forward to your next updates. Simply saying thanks will certainly not simply just be sufficient, for the phenomenal lucidity in your writing. I definitely will directly grab your rss feed to stay informed of any updates. De lightful work and much success in your business dealings! workwear clothing
After study a handful of the blogs on your internet site now, we really like your technique for blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark internet site list and are checking back soon. Pls have a look at my web page too and let me know if you agree. workwear clothing
The most crucial trait to bear in mind to accomplish is to be post as well as regular video recordings on YouTube. Message at the very least 2 times a full week to acquire even more views. Maintaining a schedule for your video recordings is essential to increasing your viewership. Through publishing frequently as well as using cross-platform advertisings, you can easily improve your odds of achieving your objective. You can even produce a personalized thumbnail for your video recording as well as ensure to feature the link to your YouTube stations in it.
buy youtube views using Top4smm panel and get 24/7 support!
After study a handful of the blogs on your internet site now, we really like your technique for blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark internet site list and are checking back soon. Pls have a look at my web page too and let me know if you agree. workwear clothing
Whenever i propose to your girlfriend so that you can the girl’s only quality with good points, consequently be aware of the solution: deep web
Lindsay Lohan’s Court Appearance – This Is Sad Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you are just too magnificent. I really like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you are stating and the way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it wise. I cant wait to read far more Lindsay Lohan’s Court Appearance – This Is Sad again from you. Thanks For Share . ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
Miyom ameliyatı denildiğinde akla birçok doktor gelir ancak tecrübeli ve deneyimli biri tarafından ameliyatın gerçekleşmesi oldukça önemlidir. Dr Derman Başaran hakkında daha detaylı bilgi alabilirsiniz. Miyom Ameliyatı
You possess lifted an essential offspring..Blesss for using..I would want to study better latest transactions from this blog..preserve posting.. scrape leads from Instagram
Even though my spouse and i bought on the world wide web firewood on the other hand introducing recognition just a little effect submits. Wonderful way of probable, Were book-marking after a interval come across types end spgs means way up. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
great post, very informative. I’m wondering why the other specialists of this sector do not understand this. You should proceed your writing. I am sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already! tratamento ronco e apneia
My husband and i felt really thankful when Louis could complete his researching through the entire ideas he grabbed out of your web pages. It is now and again perplexing to simply choose to be offering techniques which often many people might have been selling. And we also do know we now have the writer to be grateful to because of that. All the explanations you have made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships your site assist to instill – it’s mostly fantastic, and it’s really helping our son in addition to our family do think that article is interesting, and that’s exceedingly fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing! ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
Hi I wish to to talk about the remark here concerning you to definitely have the ability to inform you simply how much i personally Liked this study. I must run off to aTurkey Day time Supper however wanted to leave ya a simple comment. We preserved you So will end up being returning following function to see more of yer high quality articles. Continue the quality function. ortodontista
Even though my spouse and i bought on the world wide web firewood on the other hand introducing recognition just a little effect submits. Wonderful way of probable, Were book-marking after a interval come across types end spgs means way up. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
I am glad to be a visitant of this thoroughgoing web blog ! , thankyou for this rare info ! . ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
i just didn’t need a kindle at first, but when receiving one for christmas i’m utterly converted. It supply genuine advantages over a book, and makes it such a lot additional convenient. i might undoubtedly advocate this item: ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ
I enjoy every single posts, I actually appreciated, I would personally adore extra information and facts because of this, mainly because its fairly pleasing., Have fun here ideal for allowing. ข่าวกีฬาออนไลน์
Only a few blogger would discuss this topic the way you do.,“:* performance enhancement
very nice post, i certainly adore this site, keep on it mental maps of reality
If you are looking for more information about flat rate locksmith Las Vegas check that right away. Ftmo
If you are looking for more information about flat rate locksmith Las Vegas check that right away. Ftmo
After study many of the web sites for your website now, we genuinely much like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will also be checking back soon. Pls consider my internet site too and inform me what you think. ข่าวกีฬาออนไลน์
THERE are few things on the Great Barrier Reef to make the world famous dolphins pale in comparison ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบ