1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Beige Aesthetic.
Spot on with this write-up, I really believe this website requirements far more consideration. I’ll oftimes be once more to see a great deal more, thank you for that information. Roofers Barrow in Furness
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Cristina Serra.
هر سایز لوله با هر ضخامتی طبق همین استاندارها تولید می شود ولی از دستورالعمل های متفاوتی برای ساخت آن استفاده می شود. هرچه پروژه بزرگتر و پیچیده تر باشد و فشار سیالات وارد شده داخل آن بیشتر باشد، ضخامت لوله مانیسمان باید افزایش پیدا کند و لوله ضخیم تر انتخاب شود. برای انتخاب لوله مناسب برای پروژه و کار خود حتما نیاز است شرایط منطقه و امکانات کارخانه سازنده بررسی شود.
لوله مانیسمان فولادی و بدون درز است و استحکام و دوام بسیار بالایی دارد، به همین دلیل از دیگر لوله های صنعتی مانند لوله پلی اتیلن و لوله یو پی وی سی پرکاربرد تر است و در اکثر عملیات ها و پروژه ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. لوله های پلی اتیلن و لوله های یو پی وی سی بیشتر برای انتقال آب و فاضلاب مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند و ممکن است در شرایط سخت دچار خراشیدگی و ترکیدگی شوند اما لوله های مانیسمان بسیار مقاوم و مستحکم هستند و در شرایط محیطی و جوی سخت دوام بالایی دارند.
در بین لوله های صنعتی، لوله دوجداره کاروگیت که یکی از انواع لوله پلی اتیلن به حساب می آید، از نظر ویژگی و مقاومت بسیار به لوله مانیسمان شبیه است و می تواند در پروژه های سخت و حجم بالا مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.
https://bbs.now.qq.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1810028
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Black Aesthetic.
Primarily Their appreciate the idea this morning even if I did so a large number of concept tasks in relation to this unique and today I need to to read to study the idea yet again since it happens to be quite well crafted. PagalWorld
Boa noite amigos, com certeza mandar um SMS grátis está cada vez mais trabalhoso devido falta de opções das operadoras de telefone. Há ainda os websites que prometem entregar meu SMS mas nem sempre chegam recepiente final. Alguns como o Mundo oi e o Oi Torpedo funcionam mas e para as outras operadoras? E os que dizem que enviam e nada chega. Para onde está indo as meus SMS? E para a Tim, Vivo? Alguma Idéia? Ou significa ter de comprar?. É só um desabafo, realmente está difÃcil achar serviços para mandar SMS barato. Roof Repairs Barrow in Furness
Boa noite amigos, com certeza mandar um SMS grátis está cada vez mais trabalhoso devido falta de opções das operadoras de telefone. Há ainda os websites que prometem entregar meu SMS mas nem sempre chegam recepiente final. Alguns como o Mundo oi e o Oi Torpedo funcionam mas e para as outras operadoras? E os que dizem que enviam e nada chega. Para onde está indo as meus SMS? E para a Tim, Vivo? Alguma Idéia? Ou significa ter de comprar?. É só um desabafo, realmente está difÃcil achar serviços para mandar SMS barato. Roof Repairs Barrow in Furness
Very Good & much Great. You are successful because you share all the Knowledge you know with others. More here
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Mike Tyson Quotes.
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Orange Aesthetic.
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Raven Lyn.
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Seven Magic Mountains.
It touched me a lot. I would love to hear your opinion on my site. Please come to the site I run once and leave a comment. Thank you.
파워볼사이트
what a nice article i found , i was looking it for a long time , i been searching it for so long now that i found out really help me. 토토
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your wonderful 메이저토토. Also, I have shared your website in my social networks!
it would bring high impact to the reader and could bring life changing by knowing it.
토토사이트
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Cassandre Davis.
this type of article that enlighted me all thoughout and thanks for this.
토토사이트
I am curiously much more interested in some other good informative topics. Pamela Alexandra.
I think this is among the most important info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The website style is ideal, the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers how do i know what iphone i have
https://www.dailyusamail.com/
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. congressional candidates 2022 new jersey
Thanks for a very interesting blog. What else may I get that kind of info written in such a perfect approach? I’ve a undertaking that I am simply now operating on, and I have been at the look out for such info 먹튀검증
The small business is often searching online suitable for storys which may produce all people. There could possibly be undoubtedly getting some sort of quite a few to uncover on this. When i uncover myself personally persons constructed various salubrious specifics having Functionality likewise. Detain disorderly, great vocation! situs judi online
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! new jersey Democrat congressional candidates 2022
What a fantabulous post this has been. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much. Guardrail Capitalism
Good day! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after reading through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m definitely glad I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back often! Interior Designers Bournemouth
Watch All Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2 Episodes Online….!
Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2
betflixหากถามว่า เกมยิงปลาคาสิโน ได้เงินจริงไหม เล่นพนันคราวไหน มีใครบ้างจะไม่อยากได้เงิน ยิ่งสมัยนี้จะเล่น การพนันก็แสนง่าย เพียงแค่เข้าเว็บ BETFLIX คาสิโนออนไลน์ ก็มีการพนัน หลากหลายรูปแบบ ให้เหล่านักพนัน ทั้งหลายได้เลือกเล่น ไม่ว่าจะเป็น พนันบอล,สล็อตออนไลน์, รูเล็ตออนไลน์, เสือมังกร, บาคาร่า
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. login sbobet
This content is simply exciting and creative. I have been deciding on a institutional move and this has helped me with one aspect. Mori Condo Showflat
Awesome and interesting article. Great things you’ve always shared with us. Thanks. Just continue composing this kind of post. tangkasnet
Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more. 온라인카지노
Hey what a brilliant post I have come across and believe me I have been searching out for this similar kind of post for past a week and hardly came across this. Thank you very much and will look for more postings from you. sbobet
Interesting and interesting information can be found on this topic here profile worth to see it. 파워볼 전용사이트
Thanks for sharing nice information with us. i like your post and all you share with us is uptodate and quite informative, i would like to bookmark the page so i can come here again to read you, as you have done a wonderful job 에볼루션바카라
As i moreover had written a webpage having a equivalent topic might get the product with crank out whatever you decide to visualize. slot online
인터넷카지노 온라인카지노 온라인바카라게임사이트는 돼지엄마 추천 카지노사이트 바카라사이트로 진행하십시오. 메이저카지노에서 압도적인 인기를 누리고 있는 곳들을 안내합니다. 여기에서 안전카지노사이트를 찾으십시오.
https://www.samplesite777.com/
I am interested in such topics so I will address page where it is cool described. Mori Condo Showflat
For this web site, you will see our account, remember to go through this info. 실시간 파워볼
I use only high quality materials – you can see them at: Same day Sticker Printing London
This particular appears completely ideal. Each one of these small particulars are created along with large amount of history understanding. I love this a great deal https://pharmanarcossuppliers.com/
You really should indulge in a tournament personally of the finest blogs online. I’ll suggest this website! nintendo switch vs lite
thanks this is good blog. how to become a payment processor
I haven’t any word to appreciate this post…..Really i am impressed from this post….the person who create this post it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. 검증업체
It’s late finding this act. At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist. I agree with your Blog and I will be back to inspect it more in the future so please keep up your act. how to become a payment processor
นักเสี่ยงโชคทุนน้อย เรื่องสำคัญ! สูตรเล่นบาคาร่า ควรเลือกเล่น คาสิโนแบบไหน ถึงจะได้ดี ตรงโจทย์ของนักเสี่ยงโชค นี่คือคำถามของ นักเสี่ยงโชค ที่อยากจะเข้า มาทดลองเล่น ความท้าทายแต่ ยังติดตรงนี้อยู่ ซึ่งวันนี้ทางทีมงาน betflix ของเรา ก็ได้มาบอกวิธีหาเงินด้วยการเล่น บาคาร่าทุน100 กับเว็บไซต์ ของเราสอนวิธีใช้เงิน งบเพียบแค่ 100 บาท ก็ทำกำไร ได้เท่าตัว ด้วยการใช้ วิธีเดินเงิน บาคาร่า ที่นักเสี่ยงโชค ทุกคนเข้าถึงได้ดังนี้ สูตรเล่นบาคาร่า สูตรวิธีเดินเงิน บาคาร่า สร้างรายได้ ทำกำไรให้ นักเสี่ยงโชคได้ เรามาดูกันว่า จะเดินเงินยังไง ถ้ามองให้ดี ก็จะรู้ว่า วิธีเอาชนะคาสิโน นั้นมีหลายแบบ อยู่ที่ว่านักเสี่ยงโชคจะเลือก
Awesome article! I want people to know just how good this information is in your article. It’s interesting, compelling content. Your views are much like my own concerning this subject. Guardrail Capitalist
I will urge specifically positive aside from authentic particulars, because of this think it’s: How Late Is the Closest Grocery Store Open