1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Competitive Exams in India. Competitive Exams are central exams were millions of students and individual people attend the exams every year.
https://exam.buddy4study.com/
I like your post. It is good to see you verbalize from the heart and clarity on this important subject can be easily observed… link alternatif rajapoker99
We have three reasons to love the game Ultimate assassin. The first reason is its gameplay. You will play as an assassin, who is trying to reach the green coloured guy and kill him. And also your enemies must not notice you. So be invisible and kill the man as quiet as possible.
The second reason to love this game is simple controls. Move using WASD buttons. It would be simple if you play a lot of games. The final reason to love this unblocked games is that it will make you totally addicted to this absolute time-killer thing.
طراحی سایت ارزان
Thank you for another great article. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such information. dewapoker
You have a good point here!I totally agree with what you have said!!Thanks for sharing your views…hope more people will read this article!!! retro clothing
Succeed! It could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on the subject. Excellent info! I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort very well. Thanks for the huge help. Putlockers
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. casino online singapore
I can set up my new idea from this post. It gives in depth information. Thanks for this valuable information for all,.. dewa poker
Great article Lot’s of information to Read…Great Man Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks buy domain namecheap
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. high paying online jobs
Thanks for review, it was excellent and very informative.
Website: https://borsablockchain.com/
Thank you for another great article. Bitcoin haberleri
Thank you for another great article. Kripto para borsası
Thank you for another great article. Film izle
Great article Lot’s of information to Read; https://morfilmizle.com/
GreaGreat article Lot’s of information to Read…Great Man Keep Posting and update to People.. https://morfilmizle.com/
Thank you for sharing your thoughts with us.
I personally find it very useful. Will share.
Thank you!
Ratucapsa merupakan agen BandarQQ, BandarQ, Situs BandarQQ, Agen Bandar QQ Online terbaik dengan bonus terbesar dan permainan terlengkap serta taruhan uang asli terpercaya situs qq
Thank you for sharing this article, You’ve done an excellent job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends. Keep writing!
https://www.rafalkbir.com
Thank you for posting this. I’d read about this long ago. It was good to read again!
https://www.gamezztech.com
سایت فروشگاه پروژه با هدف کمک به ارتقا سطح علمی کشور و همچنین ایجاد محلی برای کسب درآمد برای محققین و پژوهشگران کشور راه اندازی شده است .
http://enproject.ir/
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much. pelangiqq
Wow nice post thanks for sharing this
Check this out one of the best website Check here
Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive! purchase clonazepam
We are a female run travel agency that operate small group trips to exhilarating locations for women led by local women
Great survey, I’m sure you’re getting a great response. pokerpedia
اگر قصد خرید ماشین ظرفشویی بوش برای منزل خود را دارید ما در اینجا نکاتی را به شما خواهیم آموخت که در آخر بتوانید بهترین مدل ماشین ظرفشویی را با مناسب ترین قیمت برای منزل خود انتخاب کنید، در ضمن ما به شما گارانتی اصلی بوش و نمایندگی لوازم خانگی بوش را به شما معرفی خواهیم کرد تا بتوانید ماشین ظرفشویی خود را به صورت مستقیم از نمایندگی بوش تهیه نمایید، اما برای این کار شما به اطلاعات مختلفی در این زمینه نیاز خواهید داشت تا بتوانید بر اساس نیاز و بودجه خود بهترین مدل ماشین ظرفشویی بوش را انتخاب کنید، به یاد داشته باشید که همیشه گرانترین و بالاترین مدل بهترین انتخاب برای شما محسوب نمیشود
https://20bekhar.com/36-dishwasher
You understand your projects stand out of the crowd. There is something unique about them. It seems to me all of them are brilliant. http://coklatqq.lestari.info
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. ibis Paint X for PC
اگر قصد خرید ماشین لباسشویی بوش را برای منزل خود را دارید احتمالا با مشکلاتی زیادی در این زمینه روبروهستید و دچار سرگردانی شدهاید یکی از دلایل مهم این موضوع این است که وقتی شما به هر فروشگاهی مراجعه میکنید با قیمت و حرفهای مختلفی روبهرو میشوید که تصمیم گیری برای خرید ماشین لباسشویی بوش و یا هر وسیله دیگری را برای شما مشکل می کند، به همین خاطر در اینجا ما سعی می کنیم به برخی از سوالات شما جواب دهیم تا بتوانید بهترین مدل لباسشویی بوش اصل آلمان را با گارانتی اصلی از نمایندگی بوش با کمترین قیمت تهیه نمایید.
https://20bekhar.com/35-washing-machine
Thanks for review, it was excellent and very informative. Visit; Film İzle
Thanks for review, it was excellent and very informative. https://filmizleten.com/
Wow nice post thanks for sharing this; Metal zigon sehpa
I personally find it very useful. Will share; Casino siteleri
Check this out one of the best website; Türkçe casino
Thank you for posting this. I’d read about this long ago. It was good to read again!; Blackjack siteleri
I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative.. etbot.io review
This is one the best post thanks for the share check also
You understand your projects stand out of the crowd. There is something unique about them. It seems to me all of them are brilliant. ahrefs free alternative
علاءالدین بعنوان ارزان ترین شرکت طراحی سایت اماده ارائه خدمات در زمینه طراحی سایت ارزان ، طراحی سایت اختصاصی ، طراحی سایت فروشگاهی ، شرکتی و… با بهترین قیمت و بالا ارین کیفیت میباشد.
https://web.aladdinltd.com/fa/most-inexpensive-web-design-company/
Keep up the good work; I read few posts on this website, including I consider that your blog is fascinating and has sets of the fantastic piece of information. Thanks for your valuable efforts. sexygaming
I got too much interesting stuff on your blog. I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! Keep up the good work. elektrik proje
I am very much pleased with the contents you have mentioned. I wanted to thank you for this great article. Altersvorsorge Kassel
This is one the best post thanks for the share; herbalife
Thanks for review, it was excellent and very informative. Visit; https://netasarim.com/
Motvio is a cloud video hosting platform that provides most useful Video tools all in one Dashboard. Use Motvio for hosting your Product Videos, Creating collections, Sell Courses, Take Exams, Editing Videos using the Built-in Editor and use our Stylish and Customized Motvio Player with embedding, annotations, Call to Action, Email Subscriptions and more.
Dropshiply.co is a SaaS based Dropshipping Solution to run your woocommerce based ecom store. Connect your store and manage your Products, Import list, orders, customers, categories and everything else, right from inside the tool. Dropshiply store has hundreds of hand-picked apps, and few themes to make your ecom professional, profitable and successful.
I am continually amazed by the amount of information available on this subject. What you presented was well researched and well worded in order to get your stand on this across to all your readers. stresser