1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Can I simply say what a relief to find somebody who really understands what they are discussing on the web.
마사지
After I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get four emails with the identical comment. Is there any way you’ll be able to remove me from that service? Thanks! images.google.com.tr/url?sa=t&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwijidigital.com%2F
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article 강서 스웨디시
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to ✅..
new punjabi movies
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for.
AA Meeting Locator
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post. Lithium Ion Golf Cart Battery Factory
Exchange Bitcoin BTC to USD Any World Bank Card USD convert btc to usd
It is truly a well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so engaged in this material that I couldn’t wait reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thanks. Unterhaltsreinigung Bernau am Chiemsee
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage 분당 스웨디시
I’ve been surfing online more than 5 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours without a doubt. It’s pretty worth enough for me. Thanks… Unterhaltsreinigung Braunlage
Thanks for the a new challenge you have exposed in your article. One thing I’d like to discuss is that FSBO human relationships are built as time passes. By releasing yourself to owners the first end of the week their FSBO is actually announced, prior to the masses begin calling on Thursday, you build a good relationship. By giving them equipment, educational components, free accounts, and forms, you become an ally. By taking a personal interest in them plus their scenario, you make a solid interconnection that, most of the time, pays off if the owners decide to go with a representative they know plus trust preferably you actually. Television
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. https://vaccin8id.com/
Nice blog and absolutely outstanding. You can do something much better but i still say this perfect.Keep trying for the best. 강서 스웨디시
Great work✅ This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. I also have some information related to on my website✅
طاولة تلفزيون
Very informative post ! There is a lot of information here that can help any business get started with a successful social networking campaign 분당 스웨디시
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. dewapoker
This particular papers fabulous, and My spouse and i enjoy each of the perform that you have placed into this. I’m sure that you will be making a really useful place. I has been additionally pleased. Good perform! dewapoker
Did you see our new properties yet of real estate tulum? You should check them out.
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here. 먹튀검증
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with extra information? It is extremely helpful for me.
https://voyance-telephone-gaia.com
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! buy youtube subscribers
Great article with excellent idea!Thank you for such a valuable article. I really appreciate for this great information.. dankwoods
This is truly a great read for me. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles. Keep up the good work!. dmt cart
This blog is really great. The information here will surely be of some help to me. Thanks!. albanische lieder
It is very good, but look at the information at this address. Indien-Medical-Visa
The best jackpot.The formula is very accurate. Play according to the formula. Withdraw often. Small deposit. Can withdraw.
pdv168
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us.
I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people.
compare flight prices
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project
Plumbing Acornhoek
Это отличная статья и отличное чтение для меня ». Это мой первый визит в ваш блог
https://esport.az/az/velotrenajorlar
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us.
I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people.
compare flight prices
tumindo.com
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us.
I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people.
compare flight prices
https://tumindo.com
In this article understand the most important thing, the item will give you a keyword rich link a great useful website page: Indijas vīzas pieteikums
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. 먹튀검증 It helped me a lot. If you have time, I hope you come to my site and share your opinions. Have a nice day.
These very small facts are produced using wide range of qualifications✅ I favor the idea such a good deal. This specific seems to be definitely excellent
free instagram likes
Make your dream come true with our all-inclusive range of speedo swimwear sale at Sportsmans Warehouse. From giving you the most distinct quality material to rendering you the exceptional customer support, we understand your requirement and furnish you with the best outcomes. Whether you need long sleeve stylish t-shirts or half sleeve zip t-shirts, for men or women, our comprehensive range of modish wear will make you look unique in the crowd.
Great content material and great layout. Your website deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting. images.google.com.qa/url?sa=t&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwijidigital.com%2F
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place. ngfw
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place. fortigate firewall
Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more fortigate firewall
Good to become visiting your weblog again, it has been months for me. Nicely this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I will need this post to total my assignment in the college, and it has exact same topic together with your write-up. Thanks, good share ngfw
If you want to be successful in weight loss, you have to focus on more than just how you look. An approach that taps into how you feel, your overall health, and your mental health is often the most efficient. Because no two weight-loss journeys are alike, we asked a bunch of women who’ve accomplished a major weight loss exactly how they did it fortigate firewall
I really like your blog. Great article. It’s most evident, people should learn before they are able to ngfw
cse.google.co.cr/url?sa=t&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwijidigital.com%2F Great content material and great layout. Your website deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting.
“Thanks for the valuable information and insights you have so provided here…
” Fortinet Network Firewall
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your weblog and in accession capital to assert that I get actually enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I will be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently quickly. sagaming
I like to recommend exclusively fine plus efficient information and facts, hence notice it: hemp
the public schools on our district can really give some good education to young kids. they have high standards` james bauer books
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. Nieuwe ramen kopen
I admit, I have not been on this web page in a long time… however it was another joy to see It is such an important topic and ignored by so many, even professionals. I thank you to help making people more aware of possible issues. buy youtube likes
this is really nice to read..informative post is very good to read..thanks a lot!
buy youtube comments