1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Access the link about more follow rotta
Very useful post. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. Really its great article. Keep it up.
https://www.sonyplaystationtamiri.com
It’s all thanks to you. I’ll try and work hard to grow more and more.토토사이트 You’ll be with me until then, right?
What kind of weather do you like? I think I like the cool weather. 메이저놀이터I don’t like humid weather so much that it doesn’t work for me.
I want to go to the movies, but I’m so sad that I can’t eat at the movies these days.안전놀이터I can’t wait to eat nachos in the movie theater and have fun. Let’s wait and see.
I’m addicted to snacks. If I don’t eat snacks for a day,스포츠토토사이트I feel so bored and bored. Do you like snacks, too? Next time, we’ll have a snack together.
อตออนไลน์ หากเดิมพันเกม Pussy888 กับเว็บไซต์ของเรา แน่นอนว่าคุณจะได้รับความสนุก ตื่นเต้น ครบทุกรูปแบบ
หากผู้เล่นไม่อยากจะพลาดความสนุกจาก pussy888แล้วจะต้องเตรียมตัวมาให้พร้อมเพื่อเข้าร่วมเล่นเกมสล็อต
เพราะการเตรียมความพร้อมจะช่วยเพิ่มโอกาสในการชนะในเกมมากยิ่งขึ้น เพียงผู้เล่นเข้ามาสมัครเป็นสมาชิก
เพื่อเข้าไปเล่นเกมสล็อตรูปแบบที่คุณสนใจกับ pussy888เรา มั่นใจได้เลยว่าผู้เล่นจะเข้าถึงความสนุก
และมีโอกาสในการทำเงินจากการเล่นเกม สล็อตออนไลน์ เหล่านี้ได้อย่างที่ต้องการ มการเดิมพันสล็อตออนไลน์กับเว็บไซต์สล็อตออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุดอย่าง
Pussy888เข้าร่วมเล่นเกมได้ทุกเมื่อที่เพื่อนๆต้องการอยากจะเข้าร่วมเล่นเกมการเดิมพันสล็อตออนไลน์กับเว็บไซต์เรา
เพื่อนๆสามารถทำเงินจากการเล่นเกมการเดิมพัน สล็อตออนไลน์ จากเว็บไซต์ของเราได้ง่ายๆ และเว็บไซต์เรายังเปิดให้บริการเกมการเดิมพันคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่ครอบคลุมครบครันทุกรูปแบบรวมไว้ที่นี่ ที่เว็บไซต์ สล็อต
pussy888 ของเรา ไว้คอยบริการลูกค้าทุกคนเพื่อได้เข้าร่วมเล่นเกมอย่างสะดวกสบาย ไม่ต้องเดินทางไกลก็สามารถเข้าร่วมเล่นเกมกับเราได้
สล็อต เครดิตฟรี 100 ไม่ต้องฝาก
If you keep smoking, you’re not feeling well.먹튀검증사이트So why don’t you guys cut it off a little bit? Let’s think about a healthy life.
I have sensitive ears, so I usually hear ultrasound and make weird noises.먹튀검증업체 So I think we should stop by the hospital and check it out. Everyone, be careful of your ears.
It’s all thanks to you. I’ll try and work hard to grow more and more.토토사이트 You’ll be with me until then, right?
Just be patient, but hungry mother is a delicious dinner table can.Wait and see?Have a pleasant dinner time. …사설토토사이트
marmaris escort
Marmaris Escort, marmaris escort, Marmaris Yabancı Escort, Marmaris Escortları, Marmaris Lezbiyen Escort, Marmaris Otele Gelen Escort, Marmaris eve gelen escort, Eve Gelen Marmaris Escort, Otele Gelen Marmaris Escort, Yabancı Marmaris Escort, Marmaris Rus Escort, Marmaris Gürcü Escort,escort marmaris, marmarıs escort,Marmaris elden ödeme,Marmaris nakit ödeme Escort,Marmaris Sex,Marmaris Porno,Marmaris Bayan Escort,Escort Marmaris,Marmaris Üniversiteli Escort,Marmaris Sevgili,marmarisescort,Marmaris grup seks,Marmaris Grup sex,Marmaris,escort,Marmaris eskort,suriyeli,escort,eskort,travesti,gay,cd,
The Canon printer that can be downloaded via canon.com/ijsetup page is the best wireless printer that you can connect to your device and print data smoothly.
We stumbled over here by a different website and thought I might check things out. I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to finding out about your web page again. 안전놀이터모음
It was wondering if I could use this write-up on my other website, I will link it back to your website though.Great Thanks. เว็บหวย
Awesome and interesting article. Great things you’ve always shared with us. Thanks. Just continue composing this kind of post. แทงหวยออนไลน์
poker88 asia
Poker88 Merupakan Agen Poker Online Dengan Uang Asli No.1 Indonesia, Situs Poker 88 Asia Menyediakan Permainan IdnPoker Online, Daftar Poker88 Asia
The best online casino website
minimum deposit 1 baht, minimum withdrawal 100 baht
maximum withdrawal 100 times the deposit!!!
best online gambling sites
dewa poker
DewaPoker Merupakan Situs Agen Judi Online Indonesia, Dewa Poker Minimal Deposit Rp10.000, Daftar Dewa Poker Sekarang Juga Menangkan Bonus Jackpot Harian.
I am very pleased to have found this site. I want to thank you for sharing this good information. https://www.789-betting.net/
Superb blog post, I have book marked this internet site so ideally I’ll see much more on this subject in the foreseeable future! I will develop and fix custom desktop application
Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. pelisplus
Afghan exceptional powers are generally little in number, around 10,000 in number, and they’re as of now extended. 카지노사이트
I gotta favorite this website it seems very helpful.!!
Malaysia Times
air fryer recipes
Many thanks for the exciting blog posting! Simply put your blog post to my favorite blog list and will look forward for additional updates. Simply wanted to write down a word in order to say thanks to you for those wonderful tips.
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part ✅
rexroth pump
I can’t believe focusing long enough to research; much less write this kind of article. You’ve outdone yourself with this material without a doubt. It is one of the greatest contents. Ufa
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.. 먹튀검증
RFID LOCK
Easily, the article is actually the best topic on this registry related issue. I fit in with your conclusions and will eagerly look forward to your next updates. Just saying thanks will not just be sufficient, for the fantasti c lucidity in your writing. I will instantly grab your rss feed to stay informed of any updates.
This lukewarm endeavor to copy the past victories has such a large number of level characters and a tone that thrashes from camp to parody to dramatization.
카지노사이트
http://198.252.110.61/
DewaPoker Merupakan Promotor Poker Online Indonesia Seperti Poker Facebook, Dewa Poker Minimal Deposit Rp10.000, Daftar Dewa Poker Online Sekarang Juga.
We Have Great Replica Hermes Bags and Handbags,like Hermes Backpacks,Berline Bags,Birkin Bags,Bolide Bags,Briefcases,Clutch Bags,Evelyne Bags,Garden Party,Halzan Bags,Jypsiere Bags,Kelly Bags,Lindy Bags,Messenger Bags,Passe-Guide Bags,Picotin Lock,Stirrup Bags Replica Christian Dior
Evde ya da işyerinde uygulanabilecek şömine sayesinde daha şık mekanlar oluşturulabilir. Şömine kadar şöminenin yanında kullandığınız malzemeleri de özenli bir şekilde seçmeniz gerekir. Bu sayede şömine kenarında otururken de daha fazla keyif almış olursunuz. Şöminelik odunlar internet üzerinden satın alınabilir.
Web Adresi: https://www.odunmarket.com/yarma-somine-odunu
You have outdone yourself this time. It is probably the best, most short step by step guide that I have ever seen. Bitcash slot strategy
nahidmahmud199927@gmail.com
Acknowledges for paper such a beneficial composition, I stumbled beside your blog besides decipher a limited announce. I want your technique of inscription. auralite 23
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project
Dr. Gőz Péter ügyvéd Debrecen
Thanks for taking the time to discuss that, I feel strongly about this and so really like getting to know more on this kind of field. Do you mind updating your blog post with additional insight? It should be really useful for all of us. เว็บเดิมพัน
Thanks for your post. I’ve been thinking about writing a very comparable post over the last couple of weeks, I’ll probably keep it short and sweet and link to this instead if thats cool. Thanks. cuevana
Buy Replica Gucci Wallets,Fake Gucci Wallets,Luxury Wallets Luxury Gucci Shoes
Marites Allen is popularly known as the “Philippine Feng Shui Queen” for her great strides in promoting feng shui practice in the country and in other parts of the world. She is the first Filipina to be awarded the prestigious title of “Master in Feng Shui” by the International Feng Shui Association in 2013 Feng Shui
It’s really a fantastic website, thanks for sharing. There’s no doubt i would fully rate it after i read what the idea about this article is
https://tworivertimes.com/en/gmail-login/
It has fully emerged to crown Singapore’s southern shores and undoubtedly placed her on the global map of residential landmarks. I still scored the more points than I ever have in a season for GS. I think you would be hard pressed to find somebody with the same consistency I have had over the years so I am happy with that. 메이저토토사이트,
Your ideas inspired me very much. 메이저안전놀이터 It’s amazing. I want to learn your writing skills. In fact, I also have a website. If you are okay, please visit once and leave your opinion. Thank you.
gabapentin decreases the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It also eases nerve pain by blocking signals for pain between the brain and the damaged nerves. The medicine could lead to dependence.
(carisoprodol) is an anti-inflammatory agent that blocks pain sensations between the brain and nerves.
Soma is best used for a brief period (two or three weeks) because there isn’t enough evidence to prove its long-term efficacy. Additionally, the majority of muscle injuries that occur in skeletal muscles are temporary.
Zopiclone is a drug that is taken orally as a dose of therapeutic by Zopisign Synthon Pharmaceuticals at a dosage of 7.5 mg.
Learn and practice meditation as it will ease your mental health. Beside this there are alot of benefits of meditation too.
You understand your projects stand out of the crowd. There is something unique about them. It seems to me all of them are brilliant. North American Bancard Agent
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article. North American Bancard Agent