1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Wow! ✅ This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs we’ve ever arrive across on this subject. It’s really great. I’ve also written some articles on this topic therefore you can visit Fat Collection Canister
Berlangsungnya taruhan judi bola online di masa sekarang semakin hari semakin memuncak apalagi di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia di jadikan ajang untuk mencari Income tambahan untuk kebutuhan sehari harinya. Situs judi bola yang sering di mainkan yang terbesar di dunia adalah sbobet dimana situs judi bola online ini sangatlah berkembang dengan sangat pesat. memiliki ribuan permainan judi yang bisa dimainkan setiap saatnya selama 24 jam non stop tanpa henti sehingga kalian bisa bermain sepuasnya untuk bisa menghasilkan unag ratusan juta seperti para member yang sudah bergabung. Untuk mengakses ke situs judi bola sbobet sangatlah susah karena memiliki kendala belum bisa memiliki akses per izina dari pemerintah Indonesia sehingga gambilng bola sbobet ini di batasi. Tapi tidak perlu khawatir situs resmi sbobet memiliki Agen resmi yang bisa kalian untuk mendaftar dan login sbobet secara mudah salah satu agen resmi sbobet yaitu 389Sports dimana agen 389Sports ini selalu menjadi incaran utama para pencinta judi bola sbobet agar bisa mendapatkan ID sbobet mendaftarnya di agen sbobet 389Sports selalu menjadi incaran utama orang-orang. Agen resmi sbobet 389Sports ini memiliki ribuan link alternatif sehingga kalian tidak perlu risau akan tidak bisanya mendaftar ke situs resmi sbobet jadi ini tujuan situs resmi 389Sports selalu memberikan kemudahan untuk bisa di pakai orang orang dalam mendaftar ID sbobet di agen remsi 389Sports ini. jadi tunggu apalagi langsung saja daftar dan mainkan judi bola sbobet secara mudah di agen sbobet 389Sports.
Hi ! I specialize in writing on these topics. My blog also has these types of articles and forums. Please visit once. 메이저놀이터
.
Untuk bisa login sbobet secara mudah, aman, nyaman, dan terpercaya. Kalian bisa langsung kunjungi agen resmi sbobet 389Sports disana kalian akan menemukan kemudahan ketika proses pendaftaran untuk bisa mendapatkan akun ID sbobet agar bisa login sbobet secara mudah. Situs resmi sbobet adalah salah satu situs yang menyediakan berbagai macam wahana permainan judi online termasuk salah satunya judi bola onnline ini yang sering di panggil sportbooks. lAgen resmi sbobet 389Sports ini selalu di gemari oleh orang-orang pencinta judi online karena selalu memberikan akses mudah untuk bisa mendapatkan ID sbobet terutama di Indonesia. Situs judi bola sbobet ini sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2004 yang memperkenalkan judi online di Indonesia dengan memiliki lisensi resmi dari Eropa dan Philipne, sudah menjadi salah satu situs judi online terbaik di Dunia. Untuk kalian yang masih pemula terjun ke dunia judi online yang ingin bergabung di situs resmi sbobet kalian bisa langsung Agen resminya saja karena untuk bisa mengakses ke website utama sbobet harus melalui agen resmi sbobet 389Sports. Disitu kalian bisa daftar dan login sbobet/a> dengan mudah agar memperoleh akun ID Sbobet ikuti langkah-langkah yang ada di form pendaftaran saja. Situs 389Sports sudah menjadi agen resmi sbobet sejak dari tahun 2017 sampai saat ini masih menjadi yang terbaik untuk orang yang ingin bergabung di situs resmi sbobet. memiliki jutaan pemain di dalamnya sehingga kalian tidak perlu risau lagi untuk bisa bergabung di sbobet resmi. Tunggu apalagi langsung saja daftarkan akun kalian sekarang juga dengan mudah dan login sbobet sekarang juga bertauruh judi bola, slot, casino, agar bisa menghasilkan uang puluhan juta rupiah.
Untuk bisa login sbobet secara mudah, aman, nyaman, dan terpercaya. Kalian bisa langsung kunjungi agen resmi sbobet 389Sports disana kalian akan menemukan kemudahan ketika proses pendaftaran untuk bisa mendapatkan akun ID sbobet agar bisa login sbobet secara mudah. Situs resmi sbobet adalah salah satu situs yang menyediakan berbagai macam wahana permainan judi online termasuk salah satunya judi bola onnline ini yang sering di panggil sportbooks. lAgen resmi sbobet 389Sports ini selalu di gemari oleh orang-orang pencinta judi online karena selalu memberikan akses mudah untuk bisa mendapatkan ID sbobet terutama di Indonesia. Situs judi bola sbobet ini sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2004 yang memperkenalkan judi online di Indonesia dengan memiliki lisensi resmi dari Eropa dan Philipne, sudah menjadi salah satu situs judi online terbaik di Dunia. Untuk kalian yang masih pemula terjun ke dunia judi online yang ingin bergabung di situs resmi sbobet kalian bisa langsung Agen resminya saja karena untuk bisa mengakses ke website utama sbobet harus melalui agen resmi sbobet 389Sports. Disitu kalian bisa daftar dan login sbobet dengan mudah agar memperoleh akun ID Sbobet ikuti langkah-langkah yang ada di form pendaftaran saja. Situs 389Sports sudah menjadi agen resmi sbobet sejak dari tahun 2017 sampai saat ini masih menjadi yang terbaik untuk orang yang ingin bergabung di situs resmi sbobet. memiliki jutaan pemain di dalamnya sehingga kalian tidak perlu risau lagi untuk bisa bergabung di sbobet resmi. Tunggu apalagi langsung saja daftarkan akun kalian sekarang juga dengan mudah dan login sbobet/a> sekarang juga bertauruh judi bola, slot, casino, agar bisa menghasilkan uang puluhan juta rupiah.
ermainan judi bola online sangatlah asik dan menyenangkan apabila dimainkan bersama teman kalian. Apalagi jika taruhan tersebut berlangsung dalam sebuah pertandingan antar tim favorit Anda dan tim favorit teman kalian sendiri. Dengan begitu taruhan tersebut sangatlah asik dan menyenangkan terutama bikin menegangkan. Judi bola online merupakan sebuah hal yang sangat perlu di pelajari, Kenapa? pada dasarnya permainan judi bola online i i bisa menjadi ajang buat kalian semua intuk bisa menghasilkannuang secara mudah dan gampang tentunya. Contoh seperti halnya kalian bermain Parlay yang hadiahnya sangat berlimpah ynag patut kalian coba. Taruhan yang bisa kalian pakai atau gunakan dalam permainan judi bola online ini juga memiliki beberapa jenis taruhan. Oleh karena itu yang paling sering dimainkan oleh para pemain taruhan bola online yaitu Mix Parlay, 1 x 2, dan Handicap. yang bisa kalian akses secara online serta mudah acara penggunaanya. Untuk mengakses permainan judi bola online kalian bisa langsung saja mengunjungi Agen resmi sbobet yaitu 389Sports dimana situs resmi 389Sports ini sudah bekerja sama secara langsung sejak dari 2016 sampai saat ini masih menjadi pilihan utama orang orang dalam memilih taruhan judi bola online di Agen resmi sbobet 389Sports ini. Kalian bisa menemukan situs resmi Agen sbobet 389Sports ini melalui internet atau browser yang sering di gunakan setiap harinya. Jadi tunggu apalagi langsung saja daftarkan akun judi bola online kalian di Agen resmi sbobet 389Sports terpercaya sekarang juga login sbobet/a>.
We are looking for a lot of data on this item. In the meantime, this is the perfect article I was looking for . Please post a lot about items related to 메이저놀이터추천 !!! I am waiting for your article. And when you are having difficulty writing articles, I think you can get a lot of help by visiting my .
No. 1 All in one place
Deposit-withdraw quickly, automatic system
Admin is available 24 hours a day.
slot game No.1
I understand this column. I realize You put a many of struggle to found this story. I admire your process. บาคาร่าออนไลน์
This is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post crédito Infonavit
You ought to be a part of a tournament for one of the most effective blogs over the internet. Let me recommend this web site! assignment helper
Download Aplikasi Togel
Ligapools:Agen Togel Jitu Bermain togel bukan menjadi permainan yang asing bagi para bettor judi, karena permainan ini tidak membutuhkan keahlian khusus tetapi memiliki keuntungan yang berlipat ganda.
You have a real talent for writing unique content. I like how you think and the way you express your views in this article. I am impressed by your writing style a lot. Thanks for making my experience more beautiful. ครีมกันแดด
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. crédito Infonavit
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here.
voyance gratuite par téléphone
A good number of you may then observe the most important thing, the appliance generates that you choose to page a good essential web page: Shot Keto
Supaya kamu tidak terperangkap dengan Poker Online Terpercaya, kita amat menganjurkan kamu buat main di web kita 389Sports. Tidak butuh khawatir atau takut, sebab 389Sports agen “poker deposit pulsa” terpercaya di Indonesia. Bila kamu menggunakan web kita buat mengakulasi pundi- pundi duit atau kebahagiaan yang lain, kita menjamin kalau kamu merasakan kegemaran sampai susah melenyapkan kerutinan bertaruh.
https://pourparvin.com/singing-test/
تست صدا
خرید سیم جوش
پارافریز مقاله
Super-Duper site! I am Loving it!! Will come back again, Im taking your feed also, Thanks.
Try Karte Hai brings to you a collection of comfortable and cozy Dildo in India. At Try Karte Hai, you can find different types of Dildos, ranging from Silicon Dildos, Realistic Dildos, Vibrating Dildos, and many more, to satisfy your fantasy.
https://trykartehai.com/collections/dildo-in-india
Very nice article, I enjoyed reading your post, very nice share, I want to twit this to my followers. Thanks!. cheap pregabalin 300 mg in uk
In the United States, you can obtain a loan for educational purposes through https://getfastcashus.com.
Pop Culture | History | Facts | Trivia · Annual · Pop Culture Quiz · History · Privacy & Copyright · Awards · Grammys · Oscars · PCM’s Top 100 Charts … today in history
Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work. 토토사이트
During this selected different page, you’ll see any, be sure to selecting the fact that write-up. One Shot Keto
Great informative content. Thanks for sharing.
Visit: https://www.hybridmlm.io
Hey, the post is very nice
force tractor price list
One of the more impressive blogs Ive seen. Thanks so much for keeping the internet classy for a change. Youve got style, class, bravado. I mean it. Please keep it up because without the internet is definitely lacking in intelligence.
안전한 토토사이트 추천
Im no expert, but I believe you just made an excellent point. You certainly fully understand what youre speaking about, and I can truly get behind that. 토토검증
This is often additionally an excellent post we truly loved taking a look at. It is never every single day we retain the likelihood to see anything. [pii_email_84e9c709276f599ab1e7]
شبکه اجتماعی توییتر به عنوان یک سرویس میکرو وبلاگ نویسی شناخته می شود که توسط سازمانها و میلیون ها نفر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد و در حال حاضر با روزانه 100 میلیون کاربر فعال و 500 میلیون توییت، یکی از محبوب ترین پلتفرمهای شبکه اجتماعی است.
https://smmp.ir/twitter/
You re in point of fact a just right webmaster. The website loading speed is amazing. It kind of feels that you’re doing any distinctive trick. Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a fantastic activity on this subject! https://leatherstoreworld.com/product/harley-davidson-bill-goldberg-jacket/
are the immediate consequence of political choices. “These ‘food deserts’ are made by arrangements, and they’re made by private enterprise, and they’re made by, truth be told, prejudice,” says Williams-Forson.
https://casinobf.xyz
Great survey, I’m sure you’re getting a great response. How To Get Disney Plus On My Samsung Tv
تجميعات قدرات
زناترو Zonatru موقع منوعات تقنية وتعليمية واخبارية وأيضا الترفيهية
it’s relaxing apart from meanful. it’s funky web page. Backlinking is quite handy question. one could have most certainly made plenty of people exactly who see web page and gives these individuals usefull pieces of information. 에볼루션카지노
Great site you hasve here..It?s diffidult to find high quality writing like yours nowadays.
I really appreciate individuals like you!
my website – 高清自拍A片</a
Great site you hasve here..
I really appreciate individuals like you!
my website – 高清自拍A片
Everything is very open with a really clear description of the issues. It was truly informative. Your site is useful. Many thanks for sharing! Check out my website – 亚洲伦理A片
For hottest information you have to go to see internet and on internet I found this
web site as a most excellent web page for latest updates. Read my website 做爱
Situs Resmi sbobet online adalah salah satu jenis wahana permainan judi bola online yang sudah di resmikan 389Sports dari sejak tahun 2017 sampai saat ini masih menjadi prioritas pilihan utama orang dalam bertaruh judi online. mengapa orang orang lenih memilih situs judi online di sbobet 389Sports? jawabanya tentu sangatlah sederhana sbobet merupakan situs judi online yang sudah di resmikan di Asia dengan legalitas memiliki lisensi “Philippines CEZA-First Cagayan Licence”. Tidak hanya di asia saja sebobet juga sudah memiliki lisensi di benua Eropa yaitu “Isle of Man OGRA Licence”. Kedua lisensi ini akan menjamin semua data keamanan kamu sehingga kamu tidak perlu khawatir dalam bermain judi di sbobet ini. Maraknya situs judi online yang bisa di bilang cukup banyak dan tidak memiliki lisensi maka dari itu kamu harus berhati hati dalam bermain judi online oleh sebab itu harus bisa membandingkan mana situs judi online resmi atau yang abal abal. Sbobet ini sudah menjamin semua yang kamu inginkan dalam bermain judi online berbagi bonus yang kamu bisa dapatkan setiap harinya dengan di sbobet setiap hari kamu bisa mendapatkanya termasuk jackpot ratusan juta rupiah. Tunggu apalagi dari pada banyak memilih situs judi online akhirnya bermain judi online di situs abal abal, langsung saja daftar dan mainkan sekarang judi di sbobet resmi 389Sports raihlah keuntungan jutaan rupiah setiap harinya sbobet.
Great ideas and great information. Worth writing very well seen. Tips for you to continue posting better are on my website. It will definitely help you a lot and know KineMaster Pro Apk is a wonderful video editor for android mobile devices. Download Kinemaster Fully Unlocked Mod Apk and Make Your Video Professional.Kinemaster Pro Mod Apk Download (Unlocked & Premium) visit our website.
Fabulous post✅ you have denoted out some fantastic points regarding
best honeymoon destinations in February outside India
are path superior to anything other comparable sites 스포츠토토추천
안전공원추천 all bloggers offered the same substance as you, the web would be an obviously better place
Industry in the railway ead con
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to ✅..
bumbo seat with tray
Visit the link to spark adobe patel expert