1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
its an impressive information. thanks for sharing ! slot gacor
Listed here you possibly can review it is important, him or her gives you online webpage web page link in the great site: seniortogel
ide yang sangat cemerlang saya suka blog ini terima kasih banyak ! join blog saya jika ingin mengetahui lebih banyak lagi. slot gacor
artikel ini sangat bagus untuk saya terima kasih banyak !! gabung situs ini jika ingin mengetahui artikel yang lebih banyak lainnya ! slot gacor
In the bustling world of cosmetic enhancements, finding a trusted provider offering top-notch services is akin to discovering a hidden gem. Enter Sandy Key Medical LLC, a beacon of excellence in the realm of aesthetic treatments. Situated in the serene backdrop of Perdido Key, this esteemed medical facility is making waves with its introduction of
Perdido Key Botox, promising a rejuvenating experience like no other.
Sangat bermanfaat, terima kasih atas berbaginya Jasa Anti Rayap Pipa
interesting article in here u should read this first im recommend! slot gacor
Saya akan segera membagikannya dengan teman-teman saya. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Cummins 130 kVA GC130
Thank you for sharing such an insightful article. Do you want extra income? you can play and earn at Bet88 Ivana.
Thank you for taking the time to publish this information very very nice ! slot gacor
Saya suka cara Anda menyusun ide-ide ini DURALINK Roller Chains RS 80-2
I enjoyed reading your article; it was quite captivating. I eagerly anticipate similar content from you in the future.
https://pinoygaming.ph/100jili/
saritoto
Saritoto merupakan situs togel online resmi dengan pasaran togel terlengkap dengan minimal deposit 10 ribu rupiah menyediakan banyak jenis permainan togel online dan minimal bettingan 100 rupiah sudah bisa menang jutaan rupiah.
J88 là một trong những thương hiệu cá cược trực tuyến nổi tiếng tại Việt Nam. Với sự uy tín và chất lượng dịch vụ, J88 đã thu hút một lượng lớn người chơi tham gia các trò chơi cá cược trực tuyến.
Website: https://j88.center/
Thank you for this great article. If you are searching for an office app with all the features, then you can download Microsoft Office 365 Mod apk – a completely free & unlocked office program.
wywóz gruzu katowice , odpadów budowlanych , kontener na gruz, wynajem kontenerów na gruz wywóz śmieci kontenery na gruz podstawienie kontenera na gruz wywoz gruzu slask
Sin88 is currently one of the online betting sites that has an influence on the betting market.
Thank you for being a beacon of positivity and a source of inspiration to us all. Your unwavering optimism reminds us that with faith, perseverance, and a sprinkle of positivity, anything is possible. Keep shining brightly, for the world is undoubtedly a better place with your radiant presence in it.
(link text).
Informasinya sangat membantu, terima kasih banyak! penerjemahan
FIVE88 has received high praise from many players. The playground is considered to have extremely competitive betting rates compared to other bookmakers on the market.
Saya akan mencoba ini segera, terima kasih atas saran Anda. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Cummins 125 kVA GC125
Saya setuju dengan Anda, ini sangat bermanfaat. penterjemah online resmi
Fantastic! Big Thank you for the information you have provided dude, keep going on dude !
For those who want to know about site of the best betting place, you can find out here!
AW8 Slot DEPO 25
Ide yang bagus! Saya akan mencoba menerapkannya. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Cummins 100 kVA GC100
This blog is reference-worthy! Thank you for providing useful information deposit slot qris
Vai trò của một luật sư ly hôn đòi hỏi sự kết hợp giữa sự nhạy bén về pháp lý, sự đồng cảm và tư duy chiến lược. Họ phải luôn cập nhật những thay đổi trong luật gia đình và các trường hợp đặt ra tiền lệ để cung cấp lời khuyên sáng suốt cho khách hàng của họ. Ngoài ra, họ phải vô tư và khách quan, ngay cả khi đối mặt với những cảm xúc mãnh liệt và xung đột giữa vợ chồng. Bằng cách duy trì tính chuyên nghiệp và liêm chính, các luật sư ly hôn đề cao các nguyên tắc công lý và công bằng trong mọi trường hợp họ xử lý.Luật sư Ly hôn
TCM Child Massage Therapy
TCM in Bishan
TCM Paediatric Massage
TCM Scrapping Singapore
TCM in Serangoon
TCM Cupping Singapore
Best TCM Acupuncture
TCM Tuina Singapore
TCM in Jurong
TCM Acupuncture Singapore
Slots are just a game of luck, but if you want to play slot games that are full of luck and also full of big jackpots, only on our website https://jurriaanpersyn.com/
Artikel ini sungguh informatif, terima kasih! DURALINK Roller Chains RS 100-2
Saya suka pendekatannya yang sederhana. keuntungan penerjemah online
Thanks for sharing very valuable and informative post. Keep posting https://phgamingauthority.com/betx24/
Thanks for sharing you valuable interesting post. I like reading it. https://phgamingauthority.com/betx24/
I appreciate you sharing this insightful information. want to see more of your creations! Read more…
I appreciate you sharing this insightful information. want to see more of your creations! Read more…
Đá gà Vegas79 là nhà cái cung cấp trò chơi đá gà trực tuyến tại đấu trường Thomo thu hút rất nhiều anh em tham gia.
This is interesting article, thanks for sharing! If you have some time kindly visit my website https://phmacao.com.ph/phcash11/
6CLADBA for sale online
We offer discrete and reliable packaging and delivery. – fast and reliable shipping within 48 hours, using courier service, DHL, EMS, DPD, FEDEX, UPS, those are in stock and we only sell items above 99%, if you have interest or any question, Contact us now for more details.
WHATSAPP: +13053061498,
TELEGRAM: +1 (305) 306-1498
SIGNAL: +1 (305) 306-1498
https://winvn.studio/
Thank you for sharing this informative post! It was highly beneficial and comprehensively elucidated. The examples you provided greatly aided in understanding the concept. I eagerly look forward to reading more from you in the future! If you’re seeking an enjoyable activity while also earning, give this game a try! https://phgamingauthority.com/philucky/
Thank you for sharing this informative post! It was highly beneficial and explained thoroughly. The examples you provided greatly aided in understanding the concept. I’m eagerly looking forward to reading more from you in the future! If you’re seeking a way to pass the time while earning, consider trying out this game! https://phgamingauthority.com/philucky/
Protein Impact Whey Isolate is a popular dietary supplement known for its high protein content and excellent amino acid profile. As a whey protein isolate, it is derived from milk and undergoes a filtration process to remove most of the fats and carbohydrates, leaving behind a product that is rich in pure protein. KNOW MORE: myprotein isolate
Hey fellow readers! 🌟 Just stumbled upon this incredible blog, and I couldn’t help but share a little gem I recently discovered – go88 gold. It’s an absolute game-changer in the online entertainment scene! The variety of games and the seamless user experience make it a standout platform. If you’re into gaming and looking for a thrilling experience, give it a go!
Terima kasih atas wawasannya, sangat menginspirasi. Genset Genpac Open / Silent Cummins 80 kVA GC80
Nidhi Agarwal is a Leading Escort Agency. We provide young and fresh college Call Girls at Affordable Prices, Our Lajpat Nagar Escorts Girl fulfills your lust. visit Us-https://www.delhicg.com/lajpat-nagar-call-girls-delhi.html
Saya baru menemukan blog ini, kontennya keren! Pembasmi Rayap Serpong
lavavitae partner Manfreda Scherzera. Zainspirowany własnymi doświadczeniami zapragnął podzielić się „kamieniem życia”,
który w Europie jest prawie nieznany, z wszystkimi ludźmi. Uzyskał odpowiednie ogólnoeuropejskie licencje
na wyłączność, a 11 kwietnia 2013 roku nadszedł czas rozpoczęcia działalności. W międzyczasie tysiące ludzi w całej Europie pracowało już z dużym zaangażowaniem, aby zrealizować naszą wizję i przekazujących wiedzę o „szarym złocie” niezbędnym dla każdego człowieka dbającego o zdrowie i witalność życia.
KENZO55 The most trusted and most complete online game site with a wide selection of the latest online slots that are easy to win
Sangat bermanfaat, saya akan mencoba tips ini DURALINK Roller Chains RS 120-2
beginilah cinta, penderitaan tiada akhir dewaslot389, terima kasih.
This is my first time i visit here and I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially it’s discussion, thank you.
Lifeguard class near me