1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Thank you for sharing. Alrafay BI development services can unlock the power data to boost business productivity through agile decision-making and data visualization. BI consulting and development services
Whoa! that blog post was basically pretty favorable thank you. “Two paradoxes are better than one they may even suggest a solution.” by Edward Teller.. https://xo88.team/
Hi, It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks App para Inmigrantes hispanos .
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. 電子煙有燒焦味
Discuss the measures Bizzegossip takes to enhance the user experience, creating a platform that is both user-friendly and enriching. Blooket login
Thanks for providing recent updates regarding the concern, I look forward to read more.
Lifeguard class near me
I am come here first time, i find the perfect article. Thanks for sharing interesting and informative post. 室內設計公司
I found myself nodding along as I read – you’ve captured the essence beautifully.
Appliance Repair and Installation
I’ve been surfing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before. 프리카지노
I think I already read this information somewhere on the internet, anyways edumagnate.com is really doing some great work in revolutionizing the EdTech industry
As enthusiasts seek ways to enhance their gameplay, the term “Bingo Blitz Hack APK” has gained attention. Let’s explore what this means and how it can add an extra layer of enjoyment to your gaming sessions.
What is Bingo Blitz Hack APK?
Bingo Blitz Hack APK refers to a modified version of the game that allows players to access additional features, resources, or benefits not available in the official release. These hacks are often distributed in the form of APK (Android Package) files, making them compatible with Android devices.
Features of Bingo Blitz Hack APK
Unlimited Credits: One of the most sought-after features is the ability to acquire unlimited credits, allowing players to play more games and unlock premium features without worrying about running out of resources.
Boosted Power-Ups: Some bingo blitz hack apk may offer enhanced power-ups, giving players a competitive edge during games and increasing their chances of winning valuable rewards.
Unlocking Exclusive Content: Hacked versions may provide access to exclusive content or in-game items that are otherwise difficult to obtain in the official version.
Caution: Use at Your Own Risk
While the allure of enhanced features may be tempting, it’s essential to exercise caution when considering the use of bingo blitz hack apk. Many of these hacks are unauthorized and may violate the game’s terms of service. Moreover, downloading and installing APK files from unofficial sources can expose your device to security risks.
Conclusion
Bingo Blitz is designed to offer a delightful gaming experience, and many players find satisfaction in the challenges it presents. While the idea of a hack may be tempting, it’s crucial to weigh the potential risks and consequences. Ultimately, the best way to enjoy Bingo Blitz is by playing within the parameters set by the developers, ensuring a fair and secure gaming environment for all players.
Virtual sports games are a fusion of cutting-edge technology and the passion for sports. These games leverage advanced graphics, artificial intelligence, and realistic simulations to bring the excitement of sports to your fingertips. Android users, in particular, have a plethora of options when it comes to choosing virtual sports games, making it essential to find the best platform for an unparalleled gaming experience.
Il tuo blog è davvero interessante. L’ho cercato su ChatGPT italiano ma l’ho trovato qui
slotomania winners, a popular online slot game, has become a hub of excitement and fortune for players around the globe. The virtual reels spin, and the anticipation builds as players try their luck in the hopes of hitting the jackpot. In the midst of this digital experience, numerous Slotomania winners emerge with thrilling tales of triumph and unexpected fortune.
Discover the ultimate protection for your vehicle with the Best Ceramic Car Coating in Prescott, AZ. Our advanced ceramic coating formula offers unparalleled durability and shine,
House Painting Arizona is a professional painting service that caters to homeowners in the state of Arizona.With years of experience in the industry.we offer high quality.affordable residential painting solutions that transform your living space into a beautiful and inviting environment.Our team of skilled painters uses top notch tools and materials to ensure that every project is completed with precision and attention to detail.We specialize in interior and exterior painting.cabinet refinishing.wallpaper installation.and more.Our goal is to exceed your expectations while delivering long lasting results that enhance the beauty and value of your home.Trust Residential Painting Arizona for all your residential painting needs!
nice post, keep up with this interesting work. It really is good to know that this topic is being covered also on this web site so cheers for taking time to discuss this! Open Stripe account South Africa
Basement Development Calgary offers homeowners a valuable opportunity to maximize their living space and enhance the functionality of their properties
Gold Necklaces for Women in Mississauga offer a stunning blend of elegance and craftsmanship, capturing the essence of timeless beauty. With a wide array of designs ranging from classic to contemporary, these necklaces are meticulously crafted to adorn any occasion. The jewelers in Mississauga skillfully infuse each piece with artistry, ensuring a symbol of sophistication and grace. Whether it’s a special celebration or a cherished gift, these Gold Necklaces for Women in Mississauga stand as shimmering testaments to the city’s rich jewelry heritage and the enduring allure of golden adornments.
Anaheim’s climate also plays a significant role in Custom Home Remodel in Anaheim. With its Mediterranean climate, the city experiences warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
We are a leading Professional Cabinet Painting Mississauga Service in Burnaby, where you can ensure that all components of your new kitchen meet professional standards. Goliath Cabinets & Countertops is the leading provider of seamless and well – designed cabinets, quartz counters and island projects in Burnaby.
A Motivational Speaker Female inspires and empowers audiences through compelling speeches, igniting personal and professional growth with their charisma, wisdom, and motivational prowess.
Commercial Fence Ottawa are essential for businesses, offering a range of benefits and fulfilling specific requirements.
Remote Notary Services in USA have revolutionized the way legal documents are authenticated in the USA. This innovative approach allows individuals to notarize their documents from the comfort of their homes or offices, eliminating the need for in-person notarization.
White Gold Necklace in Chicago, Illinois
https://frankmichaeljewelers.com/product-category/white-gold-necklaces/
Ayo Bermain Dan Dapatkan Sabu
Buffalo Milk Benefits refers to the highest quality and most sought-after milk available within the country. It denotes milk that excels in taste, purity Buffalo Milk Benefits, nutritional value, and perhaps sourcing practices such as organic or ethical farming methods. creaminess, adherence to quality standards, and consumer preferences, contributing to a competitive market for superior milk products in India Buffalo Milk Benefits
“Prime Wholesale – Ignite modern convenience with our https://primewholesale.com/collections/prime-wholesale-smoking-accessories-rolling-machines. Elevate your smoking ritual effortlessly and experience precision in every puff.”
Wow this was amazing. I was just about to look for some expert and educative content like this, I am grateful that I have frequented here! 室內設計服務
Great post full of useful tips! My site is fairly new and I am also having a hard time getting my readers to leave comments. Analytics shows they are coming to the site but I have a feeling “nobody wants to be first”. 室內設計公司
Thank you for sharing this amazing blog that is full of information. It is very exciting to learn about different things.
Avaan Excess is a Domestic and International Luggage Delivery Service in India
A lot of people having an incorrect image about the cash advance loans or sometimes refer it as bad credit payday loans. 室內設計公司
You may download the World Cup and other significant sports events for free! It also reacts quite well to mobile phones and Apple iPads.스포츠중계 Bangbang TV 스포츠분석
I must say, as a lot as I enjoyed reading what you had to say, I couldnt help but lose interest after a while. Its as if you had a wonderful grasp on the subject matter, but you forgot to include your readers. Perhaps you should think about this from far more than one angle. Or maybe you shouldnt generalise so considerably. Its better if you think about what others may have to say instead of just going for a gut reaction to the subject. Think about adjusting your own believed process and giving others who may read this the benefit of the doubt.
Click here
Very attractive with awesome content that attracts readers. Unlock the doors to a new chapter in your life with the leading immigration consultants in Canada. Our experts guide you seamlessly through the immigration process,. Lease visit:https://fairworldimmigration.ca/ for more details
Forgiven Blade Coaching stands as a beacon of transformative guidance and empowerment, offering a sanctuary where individuals embrace growth and healing. Forgiven Blade Coaching This coaching methodology epitomizes a unique blend of introspection, resilience, and forgiveness.
Getting started with the doubleu fan page is a breeze. Simply visit the page, hit the ‘Follow’ or ‘Like’ button, and instantly become part of a community that celebrates the joy of gaming. Engage with fellow fans, participate in discussions, and make the most of your DoubleU experience.
Good post of the day.หนังออนไลน์ไม่มีโฆษณา
Your blog was just amazing and wonderful i really liked it and helped me alot.
Daposi Eyewear is a leading eyeglass manufacture in china and have best and top quality frames, lenses and sunglasses.
Visit: https://www.daposieyewear.com/
Embark on a journey of discovery through a blog that sets the standard for quality, featuring compelling articles, insightful analysis, and a modern design Jasa Bangun Rumah
Immerse yourself in a world of knowledge and creativity with a blog that consistently delivers well-written articles,and a user-centric experience jepe138
Working with your web design agency has been a fantastic experience. Your team’s ability to understand and interpret our brand vision is remarkable. Thank you for bringing our ideas to life read more
Pop music has always been a dynamic and ever-evolving genre, with new trends and influences shaping its landscape. One such element that has gained prominence in recent times is the concept of “Pop Spins.” In this article, we’ll delve into what pop spins are and how they contribute to the vibrant world of popular music.
What Are Pop Spins?
Pop spins refer to the innovative and catchy melodic twists, turns, or hooks within a song that captivate listeners. These spins are the unexpected musical elements that add a unique flavor to a pop track, making it stand out in a crowded musical scene. Think of them as the surprising and delightful moments that make you want to hit the replay button.
Influence on Song Dynamics
The strategic placement of pop spins in a song can greatly impact its overall dynamics. These musical surprises serve as hooks that grab the audience’s attention and keep them engaged throughout the track. Whether it’s a sudden change in rhythm, an unexpected instrument, or a catchy vocal riff, pop spins are designed to create memorable moments that linger in the listener’s mind.
Evolution of Pop Spins
Pop spins have evolved over the years, adapting to the changing tastes of music enthusiasts. From the infectious guitar riffs of the ’80s to the electronic flourishes of the 21st century, pop spins continue to shape the sonic landscape of contemporary pop music. Artists and producers strategically incorporate these spins to maintain a fresh and exciting sound.
Examples in Popular Songs
Numerous chart-topping hits have utilized pop spins to leave a lasting impression on listeners. From Michael Jackson’s iconic vocal hiccups in “Billie Jean” to Taylor Swift’s unexpected lyrical twists in “Shake It Off,” pop spins have become an integral part of crafting unforgettable pop anthems.
Conclusion
Pop spins are more than just musical embellishments – they are the secret ingredients that make a pop song truly memorable. As we continue to witness the evolution of popular music, one thing is certain: pop spins will remain a key element in creating the infectious and captivating tunes that define the genre. So, the next time you find yourself tapping your foot to a catchy beat or humming a memorable melody, remember that it might just be the result of a well-placed pop spin.
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search…Its a good post..keep posting and update the information. air conditioning contractors
Etihad Town Phase 2 Payment Plan
DOREMI4D Game Gampang Menang Dengan Bonus Menarik Terbaik
iptv subscription
iptv subscription
Today, I was just browsing along and came upon your blog. Just wanted to say good blog and this article helped me a lot, due to which I have found exactly I was looking. Stripe South Africa
escort girls in Lahore, but we have some more excluding all these. We have Muslim escorts in Lahore, Punjabi escorts in Lahore and cheap call girls in Lahore.
lahore escorts