1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Keep up the good work; I read few posts on this website, including I consider that your blog is fascinating and has sets of the fantastic piece of information. Thanks for your valuable efforts. การแทงบอลชุด
Hey This is a informative post for all.
Brush Cutter Tool
I every time used to read piece of writing in news papers but now as I am
a user of web so from now I am using net for content, thanks to web. My web : Idn Poker Online Games
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. does arctic air pure chill work
Hey, its nice post thanks for sharing this with us
Mahindra 575
Nice article
exclusiveloaded
During this website, you will see this shape, i highly recommend you learn this review. dontorrents
Hey, its good post thanks for sharing this with us
Mahindra Jivo
Very interesting content. Thanks for posting.
Swaraj 963
Hey, I visited here for the first time and got really impressed with this high-quality content.
Swaraj 744
Thanks for the blog filled with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. Now my task has become as easy as ABC. เว็บแทงบอลดีที่สุด 2021
KVKK danışmanlığı hizmeti veren firmamız bu süreçte hukuki olarak neler yapmanız gerektiği, sorumluluklarınızın ve yükümlülüklerinizin neler olduğu, veri sorumlusunun ne yapması gerektiği gibi tüm konularda sizi bilgilendirecek ve gerekli eğitimi almanızı sağlayacaktır. Dijital ortamda doğru bir şekilde verileri yönlendiremezseniz bu sizin de başınızın ağrımasına neden olabilir. bu nedenle eğer veri topluyorsanız ve bunları kullanmayı planlıyorsanız o zaman ne yapmak istediğinizi ilgili kişiye açık ve net bir şekilde belirtmeniz ve onun onayını almanız gerekir. Onay alınmadan hiçbir verinin paylaşılması söz konusu olamaz.
Site : https://www.kvkverbis.com/
I admire what you have done here. I like the part where you say you are doing this to give back but I would assume by all the comments that this is working for you as well. ดูหนังออนไลน์
Product can be sold in advance; bostancı kurye
Hey, thats a Great Post thanks for sharing this with us
Massey 1035
Thanks for an interesting blog. What else may I get that sort of info written in such a perfect approach? I have an undertaking that I am just now operating on, and I have been on the lookout for such info. promethazine
“Its a great pleasure reading your post.Its full of information I am looking for and I love to post a comment that “”The content of your post is awesome”” Great work.
” wholesale dermal fillers
I have to convey my respect for your kindness for all those that require guidance on this one field. Your special commitment to passing the solution up and down has been incredibly functional and has continually empowered most people just like me to achieve their dreams. Your amazing insightful information entails much to me and especially to my peers. Thanks a ton; from all of us. 大分市の認知症施設(外来)や病院、相談はあけのメディカルクリニックへどうぞ
Team up with Nukindigital, the most trusted Digital Marketing agency Hobart, for the best partnership in transforming a startup into a brand. Our team members are exceptionally talented, highly experienced, and diligent to provide our clients with 100% satisfactory Digital Marketing Services hobart. We never get tired to impress you with our guaranteed result-driven SEO, social media optimisation, PPC, Branding, Local SEO, Content marketing, lead generation, and diverse other services.
It is especially decent, though look into the tips during this home address. CBD Oil
Thank you for this fascinating post, I am happy I observed this website on Google. Not just content, in fact, the whole site is fantastic. smmnext
I’ve been surfing online more than 5 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours without a doubt. It’s pretty worth enough for me. Thanks… fastest smm panel and
Medyum Ali Gürses hoca kendisine gelen talepler doğrultusunda öncelikli olarak nasıl bir büyü yapılmak istendiğini ve sorunun tam olarak ne olduğunu anlamaya çalışır. Eğer sorun karşıdakinin hayatını alt üst etmeyecekse bu durumda büyüyü yapabilir. Kara büyülerin bozulması zordur ve bunu mutlaka bu alanda en iyi olanın yapması gerekir. Yani her medyum her büyüyü bozar diye bir şey yoktur. Bu nedenle doğru büyünün doğru insana ve doğru kişi tarafından yapılması gerekir. Medyum hocamız gerçek medyumlar içerisinde en doğru seçenek olacaktır. Eğer siz sorun yaşadığınızı düşünüyor ve üstesinden gelemiyorsanız o zaman en iyi seçeneği tercih etmeniz gerekir.
Site : https://medyumvehocalar.net/
Looking for the best luggage bag in 2021? here the awesome list of top 5 bags that will help you to choose the best one for you
Best Luggage Bag
I love reading meaningful and valid information. I found good info on your blog; you are indeed a great webmaster. Keep posting. Also, check out seagate 1 tb hard disk
فیش حقوقی فرهنگیان fish medu ir
Below you will understand what is important, the idea provides one of the links with an exciting site: PA Backlinks
شراء بيتكوين في العراق
Your explanation is organized very easy to understand!!! I understood at once. Could you please post about 사설토토 ?? Please!!
Hi there, after reading this remarkable paragraph i am too happy to share my experience here with friends.
건전마사지
I’ve seen articles on these topics a few times, but I think your writing is the cleanest I’ve ever seen. I would like to refer to your article on my blog and write it.
오피
I was actually captured with the piece of resources you have got here. Big thumbs up for making such wonderful blog page!
오피
فرش کاشان، خرید فرش کاشان از کارخانه فرش کاشان
https://ghaliekashan.com/
I have added and shared your site to my social media accounts to send people back to your site because I am sure they will find it extremely helpful too. Gadgets
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. helt nytt casino
This is what I exactly need
https://1fid.com/
토토사이트
【토토사이트】먹튀검증|메이저놀이터|안전놀이터|스포츠토토|안전공원|사설토토 를 추천해드리고 있습니다. 토토사이트|먹튀검증|메이저놀이터|안전놀이터|스포츠토토|안전공원|사설토토 추천 업계 1위입니다.
idn poker
Daftar situs judi idn poker dan agen poker online terpercaya di indonesia yang selalu memberikan kemenangan mutlak untuk para pemain nya
The next time Someone said a weblog, Lets hope that this doesnt disappoint me up to this place. Get real, Yes, it was my method to read, but I just thought youd have some thing fascinating to mention. All I hear is really a number of whining about something that you could fix in case you werent too busy interested in attention. http://www.scottcoopermiami.info/scott-cooper-miami-blog/
Machine-made carpets are derived from the same traditional carpets, but with the difference that machine-made carpets are woven with synthetic fibers and in factories by industrial machines, which has multiplied the production process of machine-made carpets. About 50 years have passed since the production of the first machine-made carpet, and almost all countries use machine-made carpets and consider Iran as the cradle of carpets. Approximate statistics show that Iran accounts for about 40% of handmade and machine-made carpets.
Click the link below to buy machine carpet.
https://hyperfarsh.com/
What is a carpet?
Carpet is a floor covering that is woven from wool, cotton and silk or a combination of these materials. The carpet consists of knots with long piles that are woven regularly. The carpet is very old and is produced in two models, handmade and machine. In the past, there was a handmade carpet, but machine-made carpet is less old, but despite being less old, it has taken a good place.
Click to buy carpet
https://almasekavir.com/
Hello! I simply wish to make a huge thumbs up to the great information you’ve here for this post. I’ll be coming back to your website to get more detailed soon. وان ایکس بت
Hi there are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and create my own. Do you require any html coding expertise to make your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated! Expert network
This surely helps me in my work. Lol, thanks for your comment! wink Glad you found it helpful Moving Company Kelowna
Hi to every one, it’s in fact a nice for me to pay a quick 토토
visit this website, it consists of important Information.
I want to say that this article is amazing, nice written and come with almost all significant infos. I’d like to look more posts like this 토토사이트
Whenever i propose to your girlfriend so that you can the girl’s only quality with good points, consequently be aware of the solution: Bromazepam rezeptfrei
The next few paragraphs is definitely exciting in combination with imaginative. Photo deciding on getting some institutional visit this as well has provided absolutely everyone owning taking care of. Bromazepam rezeptfrei
I am happy that you simply shared this useful information with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing. 카지노사이트
I have read a few good stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. 바카라사이트
when i was still in high school, i always planned to take pyschology because it gives me great interest* av 応募