1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
룰렛 등 다양한 옵션을 제공하여 플레이어들에게 다채로운 경험을 선사합니다. “http://www.casino79.in“은 뛰어난 그래픽과 음향 효과로 사용자 친화적인 인터페이스를 갖추고 있어 플레이어들이 게임을 즐기기에 편리합니다.
The post is written in very a good manner and it contains many useful information for me. nba중계
What a nice post! I’m so happy to read this. 온라인카지노사이트 What you wrote was very helpful to me. Thank you. Actually, I run a site similar to you. If you have time, could you visit my site? Please leave your comments after reading what I wrote. If you do so, I will actively reflect your opinion. I think it will be a great help to run my site. Have a good day.
I finally found what I was looking for! I’m so happy. 온라인카지노 Your article is what I’ve been looking for for a long time. I’m happy to find you like this. Could you visit my website if you have time? I’m sure you’ll find a post of interest that you’ll find interesting.
This is the perfect post.바카라사이트 It helped me a lot. If you have time, I hope you come to my site and share your opinions. Have a nice day.
Artikel yang sangat bagus, terima kasih! harga hidrolik cuci mobil bekas
Saya akan mencoba strategi ini segera. jual kambing aqiqah jakarta timur
Sangat informatif dan berguna. biaya detailing mobil
Hello there, I just found your site each The search engines little in search of like kind of educative aid also ones explain to beholds incredibly exceptional in my opinion. sbobet ca
Tress must rediscover each other as both have lost their carefree pre-war selves.
한국야동
Artikel yang luar biasa, terima kasih! tempat aqiqah jakarta utara
“I really like it when people come together and share ideas.
Great website, keep it up!” 온라인 카지노
제공하여 모든 취향과 기호에 맞는 확장된 카지노 경험을 제공합니다. 무엇보다도, “http://www.casino79.in“은 뛰어난 보안 및 안전성을 제공하여 플레이어들의 개인 정보와 자금을 신뢰할 수 있는 환경에서 보호합니다.
모든 취향과 기호에 맞는 확장된 카지노 경험을 제공합니다. 무엇보다도, “http://www.casino79.in“은 뛰어난 보안 및 안전성을 제공하여 플레이어들의 개인 정보와 자금을 신뢰할 수 있는 환경에서.
Saya suka pendekatan yang Anda gunakan. biaya salon mobil terdekat
“I am genuinely pleased to glance at this web site posts which consists of
lots of helpful data, thanks for providing these information.” 온라인 카지노
Terima kasih atas wawasan yang berharga. jasa aqiqah jakarta pusat
If you are looking for web slots to make a profit. The highest bonuses, today we would like to recommend the best slots website in Thailand, the most popular slots website, number 1, popular hits in Thailand, the most played slots website, slots website, easy to crack, 2023 deposit, withdraw, no minimum, if you have Questions about slots websites, which websites are easy to break, we have them for you to choose from here, including more than 100 slots websites.
สล็อตยิงปลาเว็บตรง
Amazing best friend for life status…I find your stuff to be really moving…I like to tell my friends about this status.Many thanks
Haware Kalyan Shilphata
Saya akan membaca artikel Anda yang lain. biaya anti karat mobil
very interesting keep posting. clothes rack
Hey, what a dazzling post I have actually come throughout and also believed me I have actually been browsing out for this similar type of blog post for past a week and also rarely encountered this. Thanks quite and I will seek even more posts from you nba중계
Artikel yang sangat membantu dan informatif. jasa aqiqah bekasi
I got too much interesting stuff on your blog. I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! Keep up the good work. nba중계
It’s the same useful and also beneficial published and see what exactly many people look at many people. sbobet ca
Informasinya sangat berharga bagi saya. cucian mobil hidrolik terdekat
I don’t accept as true with this particular blog post. Nonetheless, I did searched with Google and I’ve found out that you’re correct and I seemed to be thinking in the wrong way. Carry on publishing top quality articles like this. ข่าว ฟุตบอล ยุโรป ล่าสุด
A good blog consistently offers new and engaging content. When I read it, I found the blog to be interesting, and my own articles were also quite engaging. Please remember to check out my blog as well, happy lantern slot machine
Saya suka bagaimana Anda menguraikan topik ini. harga aqiqah jakarta
Pembahasannya sangat rinci dan terstruktur dengan baik. detailing interior mobil
Traveling from Bangkok to Udon
กรุงเทพ-อุดรธานี
Lahore Call Girls are also a great choice if you want to have sex in private and in a fun way. They can help you live out your dreams by giving you sweet hugs or gentle care. hot escorts in lahore are pros at what they do and have worked with a lot of different people. That is an area where prostitutes can help their clients.
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. 메이저사이트
Terima kasih atas tips yang berguna. daftar menu aqiqah
I am davidyadav working for businessinsiderblogs PR consultant. With more than 6 years experience in PR and Digital Industry, helping teams to achieve goals by streamilining the process.
Good to become visiting your weblog again, it has been months for me. Nicely this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I will need this post to total my assignment in the college, and it has exact same topic together with your write-up. Thanks, good share. 메이저사이트
Penjelasannya sangat mendalam dan bermanfaat. tempat pencucian mobil terdekat
Tour bus-to-Udon Thani
รถทัวร์-ไป-อุดรธานี
Saya akan menyimpan ini untuk referensi saya. paket aqiqah jakarta barat
Artikel yang bagus dan terstruktur dengan baik. tempat cuci mobil 24 jam terdekat
Menu for camping, hiking, camping, easy and convenient.
เมนูเข้าค่าย
The real-world applications you mentioned in this post were incredibly helpful. I always struggle with how to apply theoretical knowledge, but your examples gave me a clear roadmap. I’ll definitely be referring back to this post in the future
business email subdomain stripping
I wanted to thank you for this great read !! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post 카지노 커뮤니티
“Your writing is not only educational but also inspiring. I feel motivated to explore more about business email subdomain stripping after reading your post. It’s evident that you have a deep understanding of the subject, and I’m excited to see where your future posts take us.”
Quality Packaging Solutions makes it simple to design and order custom packaging boxes affordable online Get quality packaging boxes, custom printed boxes and more
custom packing boxes
Artikel yang sangat bagus, saya suka. aqiqah murah bekasi
I found the website very nice and it is very easy to use
https://callgirlsindelhi.co.in/call-girls-in-dwarka/
Delhi Call Girls
Saya ingin mendalami topik ini lebih lanjut. interior detailing mobil
In this particular web site you can easlily recognize your desires and demands, make everything distinctive. sbobet ca
A sanitation towel is a versatile and indispensable tool for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. Whether in homes, healthcare facilities, or offices, these towels play a vital role in preventing the spread of germs and ensuring a safe and sanitary environment. From wiping surfaces and drying hands to handling food and cleaning spills, sanitation towels are a practical and efficient solution. Choosing the right type of towel and using it correctly are key steps in promoting a cleaner and healthier space. Discover the significance of sanitation towels in daily life and their impact on improved hygiene practices.