1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Você está sendo apresentado a ele gratuitamente através do Pi Fansub. Achamos que você passou a adorar nosso drama e volta sempre a este site maravilhoso. Depois de fazer isso, marque nosso site como favorito e conte a seus amigos sobre ele.Oferece episódios legendados ou dublados em português de dramas asiáticos, como dramas coreanos, dramas chineses, dramas japoneses e dramas asiáticos.
PiFansubs é um site de streaming on-line gratuito onde você pode assistir a conteúdos bls legendados
Cialis ist in Deutschland legal erhältlich. Cialis ist ein verschreibungspflichtiges Medikament, das zur Behandlung von erektiler Dysfunktion (Impotenz) eingesetzt wird. Es enthält den Wirkstoff Tadalafil und kann von Ärzten verschrieben werden, um Männern mit erektionsbedingten Problemen zu helfen. Bevor Sie Cialis oder ein ähnliches Medikament einnehmen, sollten Sie jedoch immer einen Arzt
konsultieren und eine ordnungsgemäße ärztliche Verschreibung einholen. Möchten Sie Cialis kaufen? Hier finden Sie ein grosses Sortiment. Cialis kaufen
https://luckyinvestor.com/
LuckyInvestor.com – Invest Early, Invest Wisely
mengatasi lemah syahwat
Mengatasi lemah syahwat dan susah ereksi kini suplemen TUINK hadir menjadi rekomendasi obat kuat terbaik untuk pria.
I felt very happy while reading this site. This was really very informative site for me. I really liked it. This was really a cordial post. Thanks a lot!. INDIEN VISUM ANSØGNINGSFORMULAR
Hmm is virtually all of us else having problems with the pix on this blog loading? I’m trying to decide if its a problem on my give up or if it’s the blog. Any suggestions is probably appreciably preferred. XINJIADA Discrete Semiconductors
Watch Bhagya Lakshmi Zee TV Serial Full All HD Episodes Online. Bhagya Lakshmi Today HD video streaming live on zee5.
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. amazon fresh discount code
Discover the role of zero liquid discharge systems in China's circular economy strategy with Waterman Australia. Learn how this innovative technology can help reduce water consumption and pollution while promoting sustainable industrial growth.CHINESE ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD) SYSTEM MANUFACTURER
MDofPC is a Pittsburgh PA family owned local company since 2001 that offers small business computer support repair & wordpress website design services. small business computer repair
Thank you for providing such great information. I like that; I also have a recommendation; if you love the Nike brand, you might want to check out Tops and Bottoms USA Online Store. Nike Tech Fleece
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also. اهتم بنفسك
Cialis ist in Deutschland legal erhältlich. Cialis ist ein verschreibungspflichtiges Medikament, das zur Behandlung von erektiler Dysfunktion (Impotenz) eingesetzt wird. Es enthält den Wirkstoff Tadalafil und kann von Ärzten verschrieben werden, um Männern mit erektionsbedingten Problemen zu helfen. Bevor Sie Cialis oder ein ähnliches Medikament einnehmen, sollten هارب jedoch immer einen Arzt
konsultieren und eine ordnungsgemäße ärztliche Verschreibung einholen. Möchten Sie Cialis kaufen? Hier finden Sie ein grosses Sortiment.
POPULAR SERIES, GOOD MOVIE
Greenland
Saya benar-benar menikmati membaca artikel ini. Terima kasih sudah membagikannya. jasa aqiqah jakarta
Artikel yang sangat inspiratif dan memotivasi. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Terima kasih atas pandangan yang sangat objektif ini. rumah aqiqah jakarta timur
Komentar yang sangat menggugah dan membuat saya berpikir lebih dalam. jasa penerjemah tersumpah
Saya sangat setuju dengan pandangan Anda. Terima kasih atas perspektif yang berbeda ini. jasa aqiqah jakarta
es fans de rugby en France, le programme TV rugby est un élément crucial de leur routine. Les jours de match sont marqués d’une étoile dans leur calendrier, et les familles et les amis se rassemblent autour de l’écran pour vivre l’excitation du jeu.
Terima kasih atas artikel yang sangat informatif dan membuka wawasan ini. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
I like you so much. I like you so much I really want to be a good person to you. I hope we can become a good relationship through this article. You’re watching out for COVID-19, right? Always wear a mask and have a good dayhttps://kipu.com.ua
similarblogs always seek popular news and knowledge
Anda selalu memberikan pandangan yang sangat menarik dan berbeda. kambing aqiqah jakarta utara
Artikel ini sangat berguna dan relevan dengan kebutuhan saya. penerjemah bahasa inggris tersumpah
Terima kasih atas wawasan yang sangat berharga ini. jasa aqiqah jakarta
Komentar yang sangat inspiratif dan memberikan banyak inspirasi. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew
of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically
tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this
for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this.
Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog
and I look forward to your new updates. 바카라
Terima kasih atas pemikiran yang sangat mendalam ini. aqiqah jakarta pusat
I really appreciate starting this up. Your website is one area that is needed on the net. Totally a helpful project for bringing new things for the web! I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work. You have a real ability for writing unique content. I like how you think and the way you represent your views in this article. I agree with your way of thinking. Thank you for sharing.스포츠토토
Anda selalu membagikan pandangan yang sangat berbeda dan menarik. jasa penerjemah mandarin
Terima kasih atas informasi yang sangat berharga ini. jasa aqiqah jakarta
I know the more articles you write the more what you write It’s definitely going to be even more wonderful. i will wait to read it. สมัครหวย ธกส
Artikel yang sangat inspiratif dan memberikan banyak ide kreatif. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
I feel that this article has cleared my doubts in many ways.เว็บรีวิวหนัง
Terima kasih atas pemikiran yang sangat mendalam dan analisis yang detail ini. paket aqiqah jakarta
Anda selalu memberikan pandangan yang sangat menarik dan berbeda. Jasa Penerjemah Dokumen
Terima kasih atas sumber daya yang sangat berharga ini. paket aqiqah jakarta
The Magento 2 category filter is a powerful tool that enhances the browsing experience for customers. It enables them to easily navigate through a wide range of product categories and subcategories, ensuring they can find what they need in no time. With this feature, your customers will be able to shop efficiently and quickly locate the products they desire.navigate through a large inventory. This feature not only saves time but also provides a seamless shopping experience. magento 2 category filter
Komentar yang sangat inspiratif dan menggugah pikiran saya. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Ikuti instruksi selanjutnya untuk verifikasi akun Anda. Setelah berhasil mendaftar, Anda siap untuk memulai petualangan menarik di dunia Situs Poker Online Indonesia. Jangan lupa untuk memanfaatkan bonus selamat datang yang tersedia untuk pemain baru.
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Really thank you! Great. RED BOOST
Anda selalu membagikan pandangan yang sangat berbeda dan menarik. daftar harga aqiqah jakarta barat
Good paintings, exquisite weblog… certainly revel in it and positioned into my social bookmarks. Keep up the good paintings m88 link
A skilled WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHER BUDAPEST not only possesses technical prowess but also an artistic eye to seize candid moments, intricate details, and genuine emotions.
Artikel ini sangat membantu saya dalam mengambil keputusan yang lebih bijak. Jasa Penerjemah Bahasa Arab
I read a good article. Please visit our blog from time to time
에볼루션바카라
Im obliged for the article.Thanks Again. Fantastic. RED BOOST
It’s sound good.
Evolution Dragon-Tiger ฝากถอนออโต้