1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Best headphones reviewer. Read and choose the best item from our product reviews. We write reviews here on JBL, TOZO, SONY, APPLE, BOSE, KIRABABY & many more brands. We earn money from affiliate programs best headphones review
first-rate put up. i was checking continuously this weblog and that i’m impressed! extraordinarily beneficial info specially the final part I care for such records a lot. i used to be looking for this positive information for a long term. thanks and desirable luck. alpha tonic reviews
I don’t normally touch upon blogs.. But fine post! I simply bookmarked your website online bet88
This is the right weblog for anybody who desires to discover about this topic. You recognize hundreds its almost onerous to argue with you (no longer that I certainly might need…HaHa). You truely placed a new spin on a subject thats been written approximately for years. Nice stuff, truely excellent! w88
TONIC GREENS REVIEW TONIC GREENS – ((ALL TRUTH EXPOSED!!!)) Tonic Greens Reviews – Tonic Greens Review – TONICGREENS
Bina yıkım firmaları https://www.aksuyikim.com/bina-yikim-firmalari/
talking african grey parrot for sale
red fan parrot for sale
african grey parrots for sale near me
grey parrot for sale
african grey parrot talking for sale
buy african grey parrot online
pink parrots for sale
galah cockatoo for sale
rosebreasted cockatoo for sale
talking cockatoo for sale
talking cockatoos for sale
cockatoo parrots for sale
pet cockatoo for sale
blue and gold macaws parrots for sale
gold and blue macaw for sale
blue-and-yellow macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw baby for sale
blue and gold macaws parrots for sale
gold and blue macaw for sale
blue-and-yellow macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw baby for sale
blue and gold macaws parrots for sale
talking african grey parrot for sale
red fan parrot for sale
african grey parrots for sale near me
grey parrot for sale
african grey parrot talking for sale
buy african grey parrot online
Cockatoo
pink parrots for sale
galah cockatoo for sale
rosebreasted cockatoo for sale
talking cockatoo for sale
talking cockatoos for sale
cockatoo parrots for sale
pet cockatoo for sale
B/G Macaw
blue and gold macaws parrots for sale
gold and blue macaw for sale
blue-and-yellow macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw for sale
blue and gold macaw baby for sale
blue and gold macaws parrots for sale
Além disso, o Pi Fansub está apresentando a você de forma gratuita. Acreditamos que você tenha se apaixonado por esse drama e está frequentemente visitando esta plataforma fantástica. Em seguida, marque nosso site e informe seus amigos sobre este incrível site pifansubs. Apresenta dramas coreanos, chineses, japoneses e asiáticos, bem como séries e filmes legendados ou dublados em português.
Incredible articles and awesome design. Your blog entry merits the greater part of the positive input it”s been getting. 補習社
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. 補習社
Whoi, excellent, t wondered just how to cure icne. ind found your webstte by google, dtscovered todiy t’m i ltttle obvtous i greit deil. t’ve ilso idded RSS ind sive your webstte. keep us updited. 補習社
The most rousing stuff regularly is likely the most dull or exhausting concern. a solitary chicken may not be in a similar woody plant strip long, and furthermore the pets inside the pine is a sort of weight, consistently need to counsel the following stars, the specific fowl on the grounds that the plants are extremely reluctant to outward appearance an equivalent wonderful places step by step. 補習社
Positive thinking is so much more than just trying Nigoal to smile or being cheerful.
slot thailand
Cikaslot adalah daftar situs judi slot thailand yang sangat terpercaya sekali pastinya gampang sensasional maxwin petir selalu keluar. Yuk gabung sekarang juga disini.
I showed this to a lot of people The writing is so good that it’s a waste for me to see it, but everyone says the same thing. The writing is so beautiful. As expected, I was proud for no reason because I wasn’t the only one who thought so남자레플리카
I am truly getting a charge out of perusing your elegantly composed articles. It would seem that you spend a considerable measure of exertion and time on your blog. I have bookmarked it and I am anticipating perusing new articles. Keep doing awesome. I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back later. I needed to leave a little remark to help you and wish you a decent continuation. Wishing you the good luck for all your blogging endeavors. What is great respecting is dealing with instead of depending on. 안전놀이터
نهتم بتقديم خدمات المحكمة متميزة في مجال المحاكم والنيابة، مما يشمل انجاز وتقديم طلبات المحاكم والنيابات والاجابة على أي استفسارات خاصة بمعاملات Enjaz
This guide will walk you through the process of setting up your Wavlink Extender, enabling you to extend your existing Wi-Fi network coverage and enjoy a seamless internet experience throughout your home or office.
ap.setup
If cards and wheels don’t interest you, there are also specialty games available at casinos such as bingo or keno. These provide a different kind of entertainment where luck plays a larger role than strategy.https://mblslot.live/
Hey, man, aren’t you a genius? 레플리카도매 How do you keep doing this? I feel like I’m becoming a fool, but I’m always grateful to have such a genius
Draggan AI may evolve to offer interactive AI-guided editing, enabling real-time adjustments with AI suggestions. ai photo editor app
Thank you so much for the wonderful article. 789 สมัคร
https://chat.openai.com/
epson printer is offline
visit us at : bitdefender contact
vist for router problems : cisco support
contact for technical support : bitdefender support
contact for technical support at : pogo support ,
grand critical stations are actually constructed with a few awesome architectural design, they’re very dazzling. sv388
Bape has a knack for creating clothing that feels like a collaboration between fashion and art. This hoodie is a prime example of their ability to turn everyday items into something extraordinary. It’s a statement piece that lets you showcase your love for urban culture and street fashion.
Attention coincred users! Exciting news for all, CoinCRED has now become a fully licensed exchange platform.
https://qr.ae/pyJ9Aq
Future developments may extend to AI-generated furry character narratives, contributing to character depth and storytelling. How to Use Furry AI Art Generators
I am always visiting this weblog because it contains useful content. ติดต่อ 789bet
Nice blog. Provident Manchester is located in IVC road, Bangalore.
I read this article. I think You put a lot of effort to create this article. I appreciate your work. .ของแต่งบ้าน
Setiap kali saya membaca blog Anda, saya merasa lebih cerdas. cuci mobil hidrolik 24 jam terdekat
Saya benar-benar terkesan dengan tulisan Anda. jasa aqiqah jakarta
Terima kasih sudah berbagi pengetahuan Anda dengan kami. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Artikel yang luar biasa! Terima kasih telah berbagi. Dokter Gigi Soreang
Pembahasan yang sangat mendalam. Terus berbagi konten yang bermanfaat! jasa aqiqah jakarta
Terima kasih atas wawasannya yang sangat berharga. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Komentar yang sangat menarik dan relevan. Saya setuju dengan pandangan Anda. paket aqiqah bekasi utara
I can’t believe that I feel like I’m in a new world that I don’t know with just one sentence. 카지노사이트 I think good writing has a lot of power
Saya suka bagaimana Anda menampilkan fakta dan data untuk mendukung argumentasi Anda. harga hidrolik cuci mobil
If interacting in groups, speak up if others guide Cactus in unsafe directions and steer it back to productive discussion. cactus ai
https://theadventuresafaridubai.com/locations/abu-dhabi-tour-ferrari-worldThe Abu Dhabi Tour + Ferrari World is an exciting tour that combines the cultural richness of Abu Dhabi with the thrilling rides and attractions of Ferrari World. This tour is perfect for travelers who want to benefit from having the best of both worlds on a single trip.
Konten yang luar biasa dan sangat informatif. penerjemah bahasa inggris tersumpah
Terima kasih sudah membahas topik ini. Saya sudah lama mencari informasi tentang hal ini. jasa aqiqah jakarta
Terrific study, I am guaranteed you’re obtaining a excellent reaction. สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Gaya penulisan Anda sangat menarik dan mudah dimengerti. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat