1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Very good article post. Keep writing. IKARIA LEAN BELLY JUICE REVIEWS
I was so touched when I saw your writing. It’s a really good writing. I want to find your writing every day and see it. I hope you continue to send me good writing남자레플리카
Thank U for sharing this Information and you have some time then Visit my Profile Alisha Malhotra
“To start earning money with your blog, initially use Google Adsense but gradually as your traffic increases” a course in miracles
Saya merasa lebih termotivasi untuk meraih impian saya setelah membaca artikel ini. Dokter Gigi Soreang
One present why galore businesses opt for postcards is because they are overmuch cheaper to be prefab and this can forbear a lot of expenses on the lengthened run. egacy-uma.org
We cover developing a single static web page to complex web applications Product Development Services social media servers and business e- portfolios.
website ini mempunyai banyak sekali informasi menarik, terus update gan toefl itp online
Such an amazing post, very informative and I will definitely suggest other people about it for sure.
Mini Tractor price
Artikel yang memberikan wawasan yang berharga tentang topik ini. cuci mobil premium terdekat
Great looking at .Thanks for sharing. It’s late discovering this appear. 안전놀이터추천
It will be gratifying, then again it is recommended that you really stop by this original website online: where to buy ketamine
First before the normal perhaps you may fully understand it is important, spending which will procedure supplies become the one way links considering the gratifying internet page: where to buy ketamine
saya kagum dengan artikel , update terus ya agan2 cuci interior mobil
Saya suka cara penulis membahas berbagai aspek dari topik ini. biaya tes toefl
Situs resmi yang terjamin biasanya memiliki sistem keamanan yang ketat untuk melindungi data dan informasi pribadi para pemain. Selain itu, keuntungan lainnya adalah adanya permainan Game Slot yang fairplay dan tanpa ada kecurangan.
Very good article. Keep writing. LIV PURE REVIEWS
Thanks for sharing this post it’s all information is really helpful for me and other users.
https://www.atge.com.au/
Slot Gacor slot gacor terbaik dan terpercaya untuk meraih kemenangan ‘Sempaksional’ hingga memberikan maxwin dalam setiap slot gacor pilihan Anda.
Terima kasih atas artikel yang informatif dan bermanfaat ini. Dokter Gigi Soreang
angat mudah di pahami, makasih kursus toefl online bersertifikat
bookmarking and returning frequently!it individuals preparing it truly is someone else’s eminent organization, you will never in the realm of the 55 and different sumptuousness marks supra to reveal which.. 먹튀사이트
Saya merasa terinspirasi dan siap menghadapi tantangan setelah membaca tulisan ini. cuci jok mobil terdekat
Artikel yang menghadirkan pandangan yang berbeda dan unik. biaya tes toefl
artikelnya sudah bagus, di tunggu update terbarunya terimakasih jok mobil jogja
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! LIVPURE
I like this site very much so much superb info . exipure
Crypto, Crypto updates, luno exchange malaysia, Top 6 SEC Safe Coins for sale , Secure Cryptocurrency Investments, Omega Networks Upcoming, US Government Suppressing Cryptocurrency Growth?, XRP Price Trap Alert, XRP Breakout Potential, 3 Cryptocurrencies to Avoid Trading in the Coming WeekTraders Withdraw $100 Million, Worth of Bitcoin from Binance, Crypto News Update, Crypto News, Bitcoin News, Ethereum News, Altcoins News, Exchange News, Crypto Games, Cryptocurrency Titans Binance https://www.cryptoupdatess.xyz/2023/07/Namibia-Takes-the-Lead-in-Licensing-and-Regulating-Crypto-Service-Providers.html
I would really appreciate it Abogado de Accidentes if you could go into further detail. Thank you!
https://www.cryptoupdatess.xyz/
Crypto updates, luno exchange malaysia, Top 6 SEC Safe Coins for sale , Secure Cryptocurrency Investments, Omega Networks Upcoming, US Government Suppressing Cryptocurrency Growth?, XRP Price Trap Alert, XRP Breakout Potential, 3 Cryptocurrencies to Avoid Trading in the Coming WeekTraders Withdraw $100 Million, Worth of Bitcoin from Binance, Crypto News Update, Crypto News, Bitcoin News, Ethereum News, Altcoins News, Exchange News, Crypto Games, Cryptocurrency Titans Binance
I got what you mean , saved to bookmarks , very decent site. exipure
I like this post,And I figure that they having a ton of fun to peruse this post,they might take a decent site to make an information,thanks for sharing it to me. Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too “`I like viewing web sites which comprehend the price of delivering the excellent useful resource free of charge. I truly adored reading your posting. Thank you! Excellent read, Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work.” 먹튀폴리스
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article… AMICLEAR
Unquestionably believe that which you said. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the web the simplest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I definitely get irked while people think about worries that they just do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks 토토빅검증업체
I really delighted to find this internet site on bing, just what I was searching for : D too saved to fav. AMYL GUARD
Wow, What an Outstanding post. In concerning this subject.“Thanks, great post. I really like your point of view! Thanks for posting 스포츠토토
“Revenue management in action refers to the implementation of strategies and techniques to optimize revenue generation in businesses accepting nol. It involves the careful analysis of demand, pricing, and inventory to maximize profits.
Really informative article post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great. AQUA PEACE
Penulisnya memiliki cara yang bagus dalam menyampaikan ide-ide kompleks dengan sederhana. Dokter Gigi Soreang
What is Vidalista Black 80 mg
https://genericbucket.com/product/vidalista-black-80mg-tadalafil/
Vidalista Black 80mg is used to treat Erectile Dysfunction in men.
Tadalafil is the active ingredient in Vidalista Black 80.
It is one of the most highly prescribed medications accessible with a doctor’s prescription.
Centurion Laboratories is a renowned pharmaceutical company that manufactures Vidalista 80 Black.
Uses of Vidalista Black 80 mg
Vidalista 80 Black treats sexual disorders in men, such as Erectile Dysfunction.
ED is a sexual difficulty in which men cannot acquire or maintain a hard erection.
Erectile Dysfunction, also known as impotence, which can happen in men, regardless of age.
Tadalafil is also used to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, or BPH) in conjunction with other medications.
Tadalafil when combined with Dapoxetine is used to treat both Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation.
How does Vidalista Black 80 mg work?
The active salt in Vidalista Black 80mg is Tadalafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor.
It inhibits the functioning of PDE5 enzyme; hence, levels of cGMP or cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate rise.
Raised cGMP relaxes the muscles and blood vessels in the penis, thus, increasing the blood flow to the penis.
This helps a man in attaining and maintain an erection.
How to take Vidalista Black 80 mg
Take the pill one hour before or between one and four hours before sexual activity
The 80 mg dose of Vidalista Black should be swallowed whole with water
Take Vidalista 80 Black as per your doctor’s instructions, but do not crush or chew the tablets
Missed Dose
Take a dose as suggested by a physician and try not to miss a dose
However, if you miss a dose, you should avoid taking two doses at once to compensate
Ignore the skipped dosage if your next dose is already due
Overdose
Try not to do overdosing, as it can lead to some complications
Additionally, an overdose may result in difficulties; therefore, in that case, visit a doctor as soon as possible
Vidalista Black 80 side effects
Vidalista Black 80 mg is associated with certain, generally moderate adverse effects.
If you encounter significant side effects, visit your physician.
Difficulty in sleeping
Nausea
Bleeding nose
Pain in the eyes
Trouble breathing
Flushing
Diarrhea
Headache
Sneezing
Muscles paining.
Saya menyukai cara penulis menggabungkan fakta dengan anekdot yang menarik. harga hidrolik cuci mobil
We’ve acquired a new related enchantment it does not take web site recognize just about everything extensively besides well, i’m going to genuinely determine what you would imagine that will. course in miracles
sering-sering update lagi artikelnya tes toefl online bersertifikat
JBO
ลิซานโดร มาร์ว่ากล่าวเนซ แนวรับกลุ่มชาติประเทศอาร์เจนตินา แฟนแมนยูฯ มั่นอกมั่นใจ มาร์ติเตียนเนซ จะสามารถต่อกรกับฟอร์มอันเร่าร้อนของ เอ้อร์ลิง ฮาลันด์ ที่ซัดไปแล้ว 11 ประตู จากการลงเล่น 7 นัดหมายในลีกฤดูกาลนี้ได้หรือเปล่า ซึ่งส่วนมากคิดว่าจะเอาอยู่แน่ๆ“ลิซานโดร มาร์ว่ากล่าวเนซ เป็นผู้เดียวเพียงแค่นั้นที่สามารถขจัด ฮาลันด์
Terima kasih atas inspirasi dan dorongan dalam artikel ini. biaya test toefl
Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your article seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue solved soon. Thanks 토토위젯검증커뮤니티
I couldn’t find any knowledge on this matter prior to.Also operate a site and if you are ever interested in doing some. 貴醸酒
Saya merasa lebih percaya diri untuk mengatasi masalah ini setelah membaca artikel ini. Dokter Gigi Soreang
Oh my goodness! an excellent post dude. Thanks However We’re experiencing problem with ur rss . Don’t know 먹폴
Really a great addition. I have read this marvelous post. Thanks for sharing information about it. I really like that. Thanks so lot for your convene. ancient-origins.net