1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Greetings! Very helpful advice on this article! It is the little changes that make the biggest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!카지노사이트
I must say you’ve done a very good job with this. Also, the
blog loads extremely quick for me on Chrome. Superb Blog!바카라사이트
I was reading some of your articles on this website and I conceive this web site is very instructive! Retain putting up.룰렛
I appreciate your critical thinking. Great job!온라인카지노
Some genuinely nice stuff on this website , I enjoy it. Buy Passport Documents
I am lucky that I discovered this web site, just the right info that I was looking for! Buy Fake passport Documents
ss
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. 2021 neco expo
What a fantabulous post this has been. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much. 2021 neco runz
This is really amazing, this your blog loved by a lot of people and I’m also like this post. Buy Prescription Eyeglasses
Thanks for sharing this helpful post its very informative. All details you describe in your blog post are very informative for me.
冰鎮西瓜
A foundation ( รองพื้น ) product from Maybelline New York. The texture is easy to blend, comfortable, not heavy, helping to cover the skin smooth. Look natural Beautiful in every situation, waterproof, sweat-proof, long-lasting for 24 hours, no worries about makeup flowing and greasy during the day.
http://www.maybelline.co.th/face/foundation
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place.. pool maintenance near me Westlake
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. Buy Verified PayPal Account
Very nice article, I enjoyed reading your post, very nice share, I want to twit this to my followers. Thanks!. pool services near me Westlake
The article looks magnificent, but it would be beneficial if you can share more about the suchlike subjects in the future. Keep posting. merchant services affiliate program
I think this a really good article. If you are look for Apple Trade in check out this place
Auf dem Hochzeitsportal für Hochzeitsgeschenke und alles rund um den perfekten Hochzeitstag entdecken Sie die besten Angebote für ausgefallene und originelle Geschenkideen.
Besuche: Hochzeitsgeschenk-Ideen
Ob Sie lieber personalisierte Geschenke zur Hochzeit mit Gravur z.B. mit den Namen des Brautpaares und dem Hochzeitsdatum oder ein Geldgeschenk mit witziger Verpackung verschenken möchten. Auf Hochzeitsgeschenk-Ideen.net erhalten Sie ein großes Angebot rund um die beliebtesten Geschenke.
It was a very good post indeed. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it in my lunch time. Will surely come and visit this blog more often. Thanks for sharing. myloweslife login myloweslife.com login
We have a lot of our our business education students from France!
Your writing is perfect and complete. 온라인바둑이 However, I think it will be more wonderful if your post includes additional topics that I am thinking of. I have a lot of posts on my site similar to your topic. Would you like to visit once?
You made some good points there. I did a Google search about the topic and found most people will believe your blog. 토토사이트
Nice blog I have a baby cloth diaper online shop please visit
best wet bag for cloth diaper
Nice blog.
https://www.x-centric.com/cybersecurity-company-near-me/
covered the topic really good. informative and and good presentation.
How Sex Dolls Can Spice Up Your Sex Life
Couples today are not as close-minded as they were centuries back. People are currently open to exploring ideas that make sex more enjoyable, including sex toys and dolls. Thus using a real sex doll is one of those ingenious ideas to make the bedroom spicy. This is not your typical threesome. But it sure sounds like a pretty intriguing experience for sure.
That said, below are some of the ways sex dolls can help you spice up your sex life.
A sex doll can be your third or fourth party
We all know that threesomes and foursomes with an outsider can be exciting, but it has disadvantages. First of all, getting someone to fill in the blank space can be a task in itself. Also, the emotional involvement in selecting a person can become a root for arguments. And so to beat all that, why not include a realistic sex doll?
This sounds like a better option since both parties will have a say in selecting a real doll. Sex doll USA comes in different types, which makes the selection an adventure on its own. You can go with the sporty-type or settle for the wild sex doll type. You will not have an argument regarding emotions, as getting a real friendly doll will not have any strings attached.
They can be instrumental in long-distance relationships
Long-distance relationships suffer sexual starvation since the couple can not have each other as often as they would love to. But now, with a TPE doll, the loneliness and sexual desires will be half met. Sure, it may not feel like having your beloved, but what if they were virtually involved in the act? You connect via video call, and each person with their real doll adult gets freaky with it. If that is not spicy, then what is?
Real sex dolls can be used for practice
Let’s be real; not every person is adventurous in the bedroom. One partner may be open to new sex styles, while the other is adamant about sticking to the traditional ways. In such a case, if nothing is done to bring some form of balance, the union will break, or one will look elsewhere to get the pleasure they are missing. But with a real doll for men or women, the couple can meet halfway and have the doll as an experimental feature.
The bold one then uses the real doll silicone full body to illustrate the new styles so that the other party can get comfortable with it. Seeing is believing. So why not use a real care doll to make your partner believe?
Conclusion
Sex is a beautiful thing that should be explored by people who love each other. And sex dolls can spice up the bedroom and give it back that anticipation and zeal that was once there in the beginning. Luckily, you can now legally purchase a sex doll in the USA and have it delivered to you. You select what you want, and in a few days, it will be there lying next to you.
female doll for adults
Great Information sharing .. I am very happy to read this article .. thanks for giving us go through info.Fantastic nice. I appreciate this post. payment processing partners
I’ve seen articles on the same subject many times, but your writing is the simplest and clearest of them. I will refer to 메이저놀이터
I want to voice my appreciation for your kind-heartedness in support of people that have the need for help with that situation. Your real commitment to passing the solution all through appears to be definitely useful and have in every case encouraged folks much like me to realize their objectives. The interesting advice signifies so much a person like me and substantially more to my fellow workers. With thanks; from everyone of us. 아이폰 현금섯다
excellent post, very informative. I wonder why
other specialists of this sector don’t realize this.
You must continue your writing. I am just confident, you possess a fantastic readers’ base already! 토토웹 포토존
Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It really useful & it 한국야동
helped me out much. I hope to give something back and help others like
you aided me.
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many entertaining stuff in your blog, especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the leisure here! Keep up the good work. I have been meaning to write something like this on my website and you have given me an idea. 온라인포커
You there, this is really good post here. Thanks for taking the time to post such valuable information. Quality content is what always gets the visitors coming. primary 6 maths questions
I am Sonam, a recently single married horny who is looking For a safe and sane man to meet to satisfy my needs.
http://poojaescorts.in
What If My Son Is On The Dark Web?
What if my son is on the dark web, you may ask? Well, there are many people that are wondering exactly what if their SSN is on the dark web. A lot of individuals do not realize that a lot of webmasters take the links that they see on the web and use them to build web pages on the net. If you think that your web pages link to any other web site, then there is a good chance that the webmaster has used the links provided in that particular site in order to build links pointing back to their web site.
If you have an internet service provider, and you are wondering what if my son is on the dark web, then it is highly likely that you will have found that many of the emails that you are getting are not coming from the addresses that they were registered with. In some cases, this can be extremely bothersome because you will not be able to get any type of a reply back from the other party. However, if you know where to look, then you can find out what your webmaster has been up to with their links.
In many cases, you will discover that the dark web links that are posted on the internet will not work with the service provider that the other party has. This means that the links will not be able to point to any type of page on the internet. If you think that what if my son is on the dark web, then you may want to keep in mind that you can find out what your dark web IP address is through several different ways. The main thing that you need to do is to be able to find out where your IP address is through various means.
من تولید کننده یخساز صنعتی هستم در ایران . اسم شرکت ما تجهیز گستر خاورمیانه هستش .و آدرس سایت ما هم https://industrial-kitchen.com/
اگر قصد خرید تجهیزات آشپزخانه صنعتی رو دارید لطفا با ما تماس بگیرید.
thank you for your interesting infomation. Neco expo
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy.
What would you change about yourself if you could change one thing? buffon’s macaw for sale
Your way of telling all in this post is in fact nice, 카지노사이트 all be able to effortlessly know it, Thanks a lot.
It’s impressive that you are getting ideas from this post as well as from our argument made here. 바카라사이트
Great article! That is the kind of info that are meant to be shared across the net. 온라인카지노 Shame on the seek engines for no longer positioning this put up higher!
Your article was very impressive to me. It was unexpected information,but after reading it like this 카지노사이트, I found it very interesting.
A great content material as well as great layout. Your website deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting. I will be back soon for further quality contents. 우리카지노
Following the success of Dogecoin after Elon’s tweets we thought that something may be hidden encoded in his twitter interaction which led us to make an intensive research where our team of professional cryptographers successfully decoded a secret message found within Elon Musks’ twitter profile.
By using gematria, the alphanumeric code of assigning a numerical value to decode Elon Musks’ tweets, we have discovered something amazing: Elon Musk uses keywords and hashtags when posting via twitter that may be strongly related to some cryptocurrencies success.
With this, Dogefather decided to create the first ever launchpad for Elon’s favorite coins: Falcon 69, where we will not only keep our research but we will also launch community crypto projects and create a platform where all these assets can be safely traded.
As one of the few ownership renounced projects we have a truly decentralized community that supports our token which is a a fully deflationary token that appreciates every single successive transaction.
how to buy dogefather
You obviously know what youre talking about, why throw away your 먹튀검증 intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
Sex toys as a remedy for sexual discordance in marriage
Marriage rates have been steadily decreasing over the years. Even though fewer people decide to take their relationship to the next level, divorces are still fairly common and one of the main reasons why lovers choose to part ways stayed the same for decades. It is sexual discordance.
Many couples don’t know each other well enough to be fully aware of their sexual preferences before they tie the knot. While this can be due to many different reasons, such as cultures forbidding people from exploring their inner selves or simply not having the opportunity to discover each other in time, a solution can often be found without taking radical steps.
Spicing up your sex life
Sex toys are a great way to help couples get pleasure and new stimulation in their sex lives. A wide variety of toys can not only help you do what you’ve always dreamed of but also find new ways to make love, some of which you hadn’t even thought of.
More fun for couples
Many available toys offer simultaneous pleasure to couples, including couple massagers that both sexes can use. In addition to that, the toys can be used in a variety of different settings. They can offer vaginal and anal stimulation and be used on a penis, breasts and can even stay inside the body during intercourse.
Some of them come with a remote controller, allowing you to be in charge of the stimulation level of your own massager or give it to your partner and let them do the job.
Male sex toys for couples
Couples can use a variety of male sex toys to increase pleasure. Masturbation cups and G-spot stimulators are examples of some of the most popular men’s toys used by couples. In this case, the man hands the toy over to his partner and lets them take control. This can affect not only the bodies but also the brains, knowing the other person has complete control over your pleasure.
Female sex toys for couples
Similar to men’s toys, couples can also use women’s toys to increase their pleasure. Vibrators, dildos, and other toys can be handed over to the partner, who can then control the pleasure their loveris getting and use the toy along or combine it with their bodies, creating new levels of stimulation.
The bottom line
Although couples often decide to part ways after realizing they’re not compatible sexually, such radical steps can be easily avoided. By using sex toys for couples, new levels of pleasure can be achieved. In addition to that, those toys can be used by both sides simultaneously, either by men or women, giving you complete flexibility in your bedroom.
dildos vibrator
Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. Buy Driving License Documents
I really like your writing style, thanks for share!
Best European Massage
I haven’t any word to appreciate this post…..Really i am impressed from this post….the person who create this post it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. buy registered drivers License