1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
شوتینگ نخاله ساختمانی
شوتینگ نخاله ساختمان
اجاره شوتینگ نخاله ساختمانی
فروش شوتینگ نخاله ساختمانی
قیمت شوتینگ نخاله ساختمانی
Hyperlink
don’t miss this site, lots of prizes!! click : pin77
i have read your post and i am here to thank you for sharing this post what dinosaur has 500 Teeth
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained. click here for more details 토토사이트
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. تزریق فیلر و ژل
Awesome article, it was exceptionally helpful! I simply began in this and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Cheers, keep doing awesome! i read a lot of stuff and i found that the way of writing to clearifing that exactly want to say was very good so i am impressed and ilike to come again in future.. Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more.I feel very grateful that I read this. It is very helpful and very informative and I really learned a lot from it. 토토경비대 토토검증
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination
Multi Gardens Phase 2 Islamabad
Yes, I am entirely agreed with this article, and I just want say that this article is very helpful and enlightening. I also have some precious piece of concerned info !!!!!!Thanks.
DNABET
Looking for a reliable steel shots manufacturer and supplier in India? Shot Blaster is known for their unwavering commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. Whether you need steel shots for cleaning, peening, or descaling, their products are designed to deliver exceptional results.
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. gourde personnalisée
I’m j, on foot fitnesstracker PR consultant. With more than 6 years of enjoy the PR and Digital advertising and marketing Industry, helping organizations gather desires with the beneficial useful aid of streamlining the approach. https://fitnesstraacker.blogspot.com/
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. patreon.com
been using these things. We appreciate you getting really accommodating and then for utilizing certain amazing themes most people are really desirous to be Manufactured Home Repair
Wow this was amazing. I was just about to look for some expert and educative content like this, I am grateful that I have frequented here! 數學補習
Great! I’m stunned at how well you use words to make yourself clear. I would be keen on perusing a greater amount of your work . I was simply perusing the web searching for some data and ran over your blog. I’m dazzled by the data that you have on this blog. It shows how well you comprehend this subject. Bookmarked this page, will return for additional. I persistently visit your blog and recover all that you post here yet I never remarked anyway these days when I saw this post, I was unable to prevent myself from remarking here. pleasant mate! เพื่อนฟุตบอล
Arena Breakout is a fun FPS game on mobile.
Arena Breakout
It’s really a fantastic website, thanks for sharing. There’s no doubt i would fully rate it after i read what the idea about this article is. You did a nice . Nice information, valuable and excellent design, as share good stuff with good ideas and concepts, lots of great information and inspiration, both of which I need, thanks to offer such a helpful information here. This is a great article and great read for me. It’s my first visit to your blog, and I have found it so useful and informative especially this 토토디펜드 검증커뮤니티
how do i post a comment on facebook
: Purchasing comments from RealSocialz is a straightforward procedure. Simply visit our website, select the plan that best meets your requirements, include the proper link to your post, and submit payment. The rest will be handled by our staff!
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – Vapers in Saudi Arabia now have access to a wide range of vaping products with the launch of فيب, the leading online vape shop in the country. فيب
Data macau adalah salah satu informasi yang digunakan oleh pemain togel sebagai acuan dalam memprediksi angka yang keluar pada permainan tersebut
For runners who prefer a more natural feel and minimalistic design, the Nike Free RN 0 is the perfect shoe. It features a lightweight and flexible upper that allows for natural movement and a barefoot-like experience.נייק ישראל
What is greater, i trust that special perusers will likewise encounter how i feel in the wake of perusing your article you made such an thrilling piece to examine, giving every difficulty enlightenment for us to benefit understanding. Thank you for sharing the such statistics with us to examine this. I think this is a without a doubt properly article. You are making this statistics exciting and engaging. You provide readers a lot to consider and i respect that kind of writing . This is a notable post i visible because of provide it. It’s miles absolutely what i had to see are searching for in future you’ll proceed after sharing this sort of outstanding publish your web page got my interest and suggests me specific perception for the way we have to boost our web page. That is a virtually ideal for a new blogger like me who does not need their web page to be messy with the ones spammers who don’t even study your post but they have the center to remark on your web site. Thank you once more. 먹튀검증프렌즈 검증업체
i found your this put up at the same time as trying to find some related statistics on blog search… Its a terrific put up.. Preserve posting and replace the statistics . It turned into a tremendous danger to visit this type of website online and i am happy to recognize. Thank you so much for giving us a risk to have this opportunity . I discovered your this publish while searching for some related records on blog search… Its a very good put up.. Hold posting and replace the records 먹튀
I feel exceptionaep up the effective work. you’re truly a just right webmaster. The site loading velocity is incredible. It sort of feels that you are doing any distinctive trick. 토토지존검증사이트
I truly awed after read this in light of some quality work and educational contemplations . I just wanna express profound gratitude for the essayist and want you to enjoy all that life has to offer for coming!. 中文補習
The best online slot game in Asia
วิธีการเล่น เกมสล็อต PGSLOT ยอดนิยม
Decent read, I just passed this onto a companion who was doing a little research on that. Also, he really got me lunch since I discovered it for him grin So let me reword that: Thank you for some other enlightening online journal. What other place could I get that kind of data written in a particularly ideal methods? I have a mission that I’m seconds ago dealing with, and I have been at the post for such data . Eminently composed article, if just all bloggers offered a similar substance as you, the web would be an obviously better spot. It’s exceptionally instructive and you are clearly entirely proficient around here. You have made me fully aware of differing sees on this subject with fascinating and strong substance. 파워볼
An fascinating discussion will be worth comment. I do believe that you can write regarding this topic, it might become a taboo subject but typically consumers are insufficient to dicuss on such topics. Yet another. Cheers 우리카지노사이트
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much. มวยพักยก77
Wow! This could be one particular of the most helpful blogs We’ve ever arrive across on this subject. 토담토담토토
Hey what a brilliant post I have come across and believe me I have been searching out for this similar kind of post for past a week and hardly came across this. Thank you very much and will look for more postings from you. พักยก77
Thanks for making the honest attempt to speak about this. I believe very robust approximately it and want to read more. If it’s OK, as you gain more in depth wisdom, would you thoughts adding extra articles similar to this one with additional information? It might be extremely useful and useful for me and my friends. RED BOOST
Are you looking for sexy Chandigarh escorts? City Call Girls Agency provides independent female call girls and escorts services from leading Chandigarh escorts Service.
https://www.chandigarhcallgirlsagency.in/
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. เว็บพักยก
The secret to building a successful nigoal career isn’t too dense.
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. พักยก77
لوله بازکنی خیابان ولیعصر
لوله بازکنی ارزان خیابان ولیعصر
لوله بازکنی فوری خیابان ولیعصر
لوله بازکنی شبانه روزی خیابان ولیعصر
Hyperlink
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. พักยก77
Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive . Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more . That is the excellent mindset, nonetheless is just not help to make every sence whatsoever preaching about that mather. Virtually any method many thanks in addition to i had endeavor to promote your own article in to delicius nevertheless it is apparently a dilemma using your information sites can you please recheck the idea. thanks once more. 주간토토 먹튀검증사이트
Man’s lives, such as uncontrolled huge amounts, definitely not while countries furthermore reefs, challenging to seismic disturbance upward perfect apply. 中文補習
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. mystrikingly.com
Wow, What a Est it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. Well done! it’s amazing to come across a site every now and then that is not the same old re-written material. 먹튀타운 토토검증사이트
It’s really great. Thank you for providing a quality article. There is something you might be interested in. Do you know ? If you have more questions, please come to my site and check it out! 스포츠토토
Discover the Best Arch Support Insoles in the UK at Insole Clinic! Say Goodbye to Arch Pain and Experience Unmatched Comfort. Shop Now! Best Arch Support Insoles Uk
A huge thanks for sharing this put up by means of the manner if all and sundry seeking out exceptional consulting firm for faux enjoy certificates companies in hyderabad, india with entire files so dreamsoft consultancy is the quality region. Very in all likelihood i’m going to bookmark your weblog . You really have exquisite memories. Cheers for sharing with us your blog . What an thrilling tale! I’m glad i eventually determined what i used to be looking for . The blog and facts is high-quality and informative as well . You have a excellent website, nicely constructed and very thrilling . The website loading velocity is extremely good. It form of feels that you’re doing any distinctive trick. “you have an excellent factor right here! I definitely agree with what you have said !! Thank you for sharing your views … Wish greater people will read this text . I have browsed most of your posts. This publish might be wherein i were given the most. This is a extremely good website, thanks for sharing. There’s absolute confidence i would absolutely charge it after i read what the idea about this newsletter is. You probably did a pleasant . You have performed a remarkable process with you internet site 토스타검증커뮤니티
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. Bathroom vanity
Somos expertos en creación de contenido para el sector inmobiliario con un tiempo óptimo de entrega. Desde fotografía profesional hasta tours virtuales, mejora la visibilidad de tus listings con nuestros servicios. Eleva tu perfil con Tredé. Nosotros lo producimos, tú lo publicas.
Check out more Tour virtual
So luck to come across your excellent blog. Your blog brings me a great deal of fun.. Good luck with the site. dse英文補習
Extremely pleasant article, I appreciated perusing your post, exceptionally decent share, I need to twit this to my adherents. Much appreciated!. dse英文補習
Amazingly accommodating post. This is my first time i visit here. I found such an extensive number of captivating stuff in your blog especially its trade. Genuinely its unprecedented article. Keep it up. 數學補習