1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
makasih gan, semoga sukses~ tes toefl bersertifikat
website ini selalu memberikan berita yang update, menarik dan bermanfaat peluang usaha bisnis rumahan
sering – sering berkunjung kesini deh jasa anti rayap tangerang selatan
website ini mempunyai banyak sekali informasi menarik, mantap !!! paket aqiqah untuk anak laki laki
Terimakasih atas beritanya ya para admin, saya tunggu berita selanjutnya salon mobil terbaik bandung
artikelnya sudah oke banget, ditunggu update terbarunya terimakasih dokter spesialis gigi
TQ sob atas infonya, siap meluncur~ harga hidrolik cuci mobil bekas
เว็บเล่นบาคาร่าออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุดในตอนนี้ เลือกเล่นบาคาร่าออนไลน์กับเรา ไม่ผิดหวังแน่นอน
บาคาร่าออนไลน์
infonya sangat menarik kak jasa anti rayap bintaro
terima kasih atas informasinya om test toefl itp
selamat pagi harapan nya semoga yang terbaik dan kebaikan selalu memihak aamiin tes toefl online
What a wonderful articles that you writing.
Thanks for sharing with us and I hope you keep what you doing.
If you dont mind, visit us here :
http://109.123.231.34/
he actually ordered me lunch due to the fact that I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending time to talk about this issue here on your website. 토토사이트 추천합니다
pertamax gan heheh jasa anti rayap depok
terimakasih sangat bermanfaat dan informatif beritanya cuci mobil premium
jarang sekali ada website seperti ini …. aqiqah kota depok jawa barat
informasi ini sangat bagus sekali terimakasih telah berbagi kakak 😀 harga hidrolis cuci mobil
Terimakasih atas beritanya mas, Saya Tunggu Berita yang barunya lagi aqiqah kota depok jawa barat
sangat memuaskan sekali artikelnya sangat mudah untuk di pahami ya test toefl itp
website ini memberikan segala informasi yang bagus bermanfaat dan keren dokter spesialis gigi soreang
infonya menarik sekali ygy~ jasa anti rayap bogor
artikelnya sudah bagus sekali ini daftar menu aqiqah
When visiting blogs, i usually discover a very good content like yours AMYL GUARD
I am Amol Roy bworking for fashionmenswearoutlet .blogspot. as PR consultant. With more than 6 years experience in PR and Digital Industry, helping teams to achieve goals by streamilining the process
https://fashionmenswearoutlet.blogspot.com/
https://kissmebangbang.com
Thanks for Your article…It gives us immense knowledge. Body massage gives you ultimate relief to your body. I would like to recommend each and everyone go for massage once in a week for ultimate relief. it will not only gives you relief but also increase your productivity.
excellent points altogether, you just gained a new reader. What would you recommend about your post that you made some days ago? Any positive? 겜블시티 보너스코드
I want to say thanks to you. I have bookmark your site for future updates.
パーソナルジム
Thanks for reading this great post. Looking forward to more good information in the future. thank you
에볼루션사이트
It doesn’t deviate much from the alien invasion template in regards to the broad strokes of its plot, and the style it was filmed in has been pioneered by other films. a course in miracles
VALORANT new character update and improve playing better than betting
VALORANT
is David Arquette and Patricia Arquette related ? they sort of look sisters and brothers” ALL DAY SLIMMING TEA
แหล่งรวม กีฬาออนไลน์ และ การแทงบอล ออนไลน์ จากทุกลีกทั่วทุกมุมโลก รวมเอามาไว้ให้ทุกท่านสามารถเลือกแทงกันได้ที่ ambking แทงบอลทุกลีก ลีกดัง ลีกยอดนิยม หรือ ลีกย่อยๆ ไทยลีก เข้าเดิมพันกีฬาลูกหนัง ให้ฉ่ำใจ ไม่ต้องย้ายเงินไปแทงเว็บอื่น เข้าแทงที่เราได้เลย
สำหรับ Ambking ทางเข้า มีการพนันออนไลน์ รองรับ นักลงทุน ทุกรูปแบบ ไม่ว่าท่านจะชอบการพนันออนไลน์รูปแบบไหน เพราะพวกเรามีครบวงจรที่สุด แทงบอล หวย สล็อต คาสิโน ยิงปลา ครบจบ ในเว็บเดียว ไม่ต้องโยกย้ายเงินไปมาให้เกิดการเสียเวลา ระหว่างเล่น และ ทำให้เกิดความเสี่ยงระหว่างเล่นอีกด้วย โดยพวกเรา สรุปมาอย่างย่อ เพื่อให้ท่านสามารถพอเข้าใจรูปแบบการบริการของ เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ของเราได้
สูตรสล็อต pg ฟรี ใช้ได้ จริง โปรแกรม Ai อัจฉริยะ ที่ทำงานได้จริง สามารถประมวลผลได้อย่างแม่นยำ ทางเราได้ทำการพัฒนาระบบ สูตรสล็อต เพื่อให้ผู้เล่นสามารถใช้งานได้จริง และทำเงินได้จริงจากสูตร Ai นี้ โดย สูตรสล็อตนี้ สามารถใช้งานได้กับ ทุกค่าย ไม่ว่าจะเป็น สล็อตpg , สล็อตxo , jokerสล็อต และค่ายอื่นๆอีกมากมายตัวของสูตรจะบอกว่า ในขณะนี้ เกมไหนมีเปอร์เซนสล็อตแตกง่าย
สูตรสล็อต pg ฟรี ใช้ได้ จริง โปรแกรม Ai อัจฉริยะ ที่ทำงานได้จริง สามารถประมวลผลได้อย่างแม่นยำ ทางเราได้ทำการพัฒนาระบบ สูตรสล็อต เพื่อให้ผู้เล่นสามารถใช้งานได้จริง และทำเงินได้จริงจากสูตร Ai นี้ โดย สูตรสล็อตนี้ สามารถใช้งานได้กับ ทุกค่าย ไม่ว่าจะเป็น สล็อตpg , สล็อตxo , jokerสล็อต และค่ายอื่นๆอีกมากมายตัวของสูตรจะบอกว่า ในขณะนี้ เกมไหนมีเปอร์เซนสล็อตแตกง่าย ฝากถอนรวดเร็วทันใจ
thanks atas share infonya gan cuci mobil premium
saya berterimakasih karena website ini selalu memberikan info bermanfaat kursus toefl bersertifikat
informasi yang sangat mantap jasa anti rayap serpong
thanks sudah sharing informasinya semoga bertambah lagi ilmunya jasa anti rayap cibubur
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already Cheers! METABO FLEX
baik sekali, lanjutkan infonya layanan aqiqah jakarta
Online unicorn dating services can be a useful tool for couples looking to explore threesomes and find local unicorn. By choosing reputable sites, creating attractive profiles, communicating effectively, prioritizing safety, and maintaining patience, individuals can enhance their chances of finding fulfilling unicorn connections through online dating services.
unicorn dating site
terimakasih atas informasinya ya bro harga hidrolik mobil
In this great design of things you’ll receive an A just for effort. Where you actually confused us was in your facts. You know, they say, details make or break the argument.. And it couldn’t be more accurate here. Having said that, let me reveal to you just what exactly did deliver the results. The writing can be pretty persuasive and that is possibly the reason why I am taking the effort to comment. I do not make it a regular habit of doing that. Second, although I can easily notice the jumps in logic you make, I am definitely not convinced of just how you appear to connect your ideas that produce the actual conclusion. For right now I will subscribe to your position however wish in the near future you actually connect your dots much better. a course in miracles
terimakasih atas informasinya toefl test online
I am upbeat to locate your recognized method for composing the post. Presently you make it simple for me to comprehend and execute the idea. Much obliged to you for the post. buy hosting
Indoor growing plants are incapable of getting sufficient sunlight and growers can easily resolve the problem by the installation of best quality grow lights and LED lights in their growing room. Scientific studies have shown that over 100,000 customers are satisfied with using LED grow light. Even plant scientists and researchers are using these grow lights to grow plants in space-limited conditions. therefore this article is focused on discussing the questions and fact-based realities about the safe and effective use of LED grow light, their installation style, and reviews.
baik banget kaka udah membuat informasi yang bagus seperti ini lanjutkan harga hidrolik mobil
artikelnya sudah bagus, di tunggu update terbarunya terimakasih banyak test toefl online
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. https://comicalgram.xyz/transkriptor-how-we-can-help-you-with-your-meetings-and-daily-life/
terima kasih infonya !!! great works jasa anti rayap kelapa gading