1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
laser Scanning Mirror
laser-crylink.com provides various types of high power X/Y laser scanning mirror,
香港的稅收制度簡單,BIR 60 申報表精簡,既方便納稅人填妥,且有利企業申報。香港薪俸稅也稱為所得稅。由於納稅人不僅能享有累進稅率的制度,而且還具有大量的免稅額,因此香港薪俸稅已成為世界上最寬鬆的稅種之一。 在本文中,我們希望提供指引以消除納稅人在收到薪俸稅報稅表時可能產生的誤解。
薪俸稅
joker123 slot
Untuk saat ini banyak sekali jenis permainan judi online yang bisa dimainkan, salah satunya adalah Judi Slot Online Joker123. Dimana games slot online ini banyak diminati oleh kaum anak muda maupun kaum orang tua yang ada di Indonesia. Bagaimana tidak, permainan ini sangat mudah dimainkan, anda hanya perlu membuat taruhan anda dan menekan tombol main saja dalam permainan slot online pilihan anda.
Outstanding post, I appreciat website owners should learn a lot from this blog its real user pleasant. JAMB RUNS 2021
You undoubtedly ensure it is look simple along with your business presentation however i come across this kind of topic being truly an issue that I think I might never recognize. It appears also complex and extremely wide personally. I will be impatient for your next article, I am going to try to get the hang of it! JAMB RUNZ
Home Inspection & Inspectors – Stucco Inspectors – If you are buying or selling a property which has stucco cladding, it is important to know the facts about the condition of what is underneath the stucco. Villanova, PA | Chester County, PA | Downingtown, PA | Collegeville, PA | West Chester, PA | Kennett Square, PA | Chester Springs, PA |
stucco testing
Pool sowie Poolzubehör sind unsere Leidenschaft porr
Thanks for this post, I am a big fan of this website would like to go on updated. JAMB RUNZ 2021
I found your blog on net and can bookmark it currently. carry on the nice work. JAMB RUNS 2021
Hello, I read the post well. 토토커뮤니티 It’s a really interesting topic and it has helped me a lot. In fact, I also run a website with similar content to your posting. Please visit once
it was a wonderful chance to visit this kind of site and I am happy to know. thank you so much for giving us a chance to have this opportunity w88
GembalaPoker Situs Resmi IDNPLAY Dengan Games IDN Poker Online Uang Asli Indonesia https://www.dreamforcesocial.com/
Bitcoin hakkında konuşursak, Bitcoin bunda başarısız oldu, gerçek değer ekosistemin gerçek kullanımından ve insanları güçlendirmekten geliyor. Telegram iddaa grupları
Bitcoin Black, temelde insanlar tarafından, insanlar için insanların kripto para birimidir. İnsanlara gücü geri veren bir eş 2 eş ödeme sistemi olarak kullanılmak üzere benimsenecektir. telegram reklam verme
good brothers and a very informative our content
http://www.faisalabadfabricstore.com/suiting-collection/
Very informative and a very good stories for your conten
http://www.faisalabadfabricstore.com/suiting-collection/
bandarkiu
BandarKiu Merupakan Agen BandarQQ, Situs Judi Bandar QQ, DominoQQ Online Pkv Games Indonesia, Daftar Bandar Kiu Online Terbesar
dewa poker
DewaPoker Merupakan Agen Poker Online No.1 Indonesia Sejak tahun 2008, Dewa Poker Online Minimal Deposit Rp10.000, Daftar Dewa Poker Asia
Really I enjoy your site with effective and useful information. It is included very nice post with a lot of our resources.thanks for share. i enjoy this post. สมัครเล่น GCLUB
Lumière Paris is a premium sustainable activewear and swimwear brand. All our garments are ethically made in Italy using sustainable fabrics sourced from recycled ocean plastics.
https://www.lumiere-paris.com/
Premium303 adalah bandar judi online uang asli indonesia deposit pulsa game seperti slot, poker, bola, casino, gaple susun, arcade, togel dll https://139.162.6.30/
You got a very good website, Gladiolus I found it through yahoo. https://higheducationlearning.com/
This web site is my inspiration , really excellent layout and perfect subject matter. https://theeducationjourney.com/
Absolutely pent subject matter, regards for entropy. Education Guide
Very likely I’m going to bookmark your blog . You absolutely have wonderful stories. Cheers for sharing with us your blog. w88club ทางเข้า
Intimately, the post is in reality the greatest on this worthy topic. I suit in with your conclusions and also can thirstily look forward to your forthcoming updates. Saying thanks can not just be sufficient, for the awesome lucidity in your writing. I will perfect away grab your rss feed to stay privy of any updates. Authentic work and much success in your business endeavors! Education Guide
Hello! I just wish to give a huge thumbs up for the good info you’ve gotten right here on this post. I will likely be coming back to your blog for more soon. Education Guide
I gotta bookmark this website it seems very useful . Education Guide
building websites is not only fun, but it can also generate an income for yourself;; Education Guide
Yay google is my world beater aided me to find this outstanding site! . Education Guide
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. cheap youtube views
Thank you sharing such informative blog to us. I never see or heard about this insects. I love to watch national geographic, discovery channel because it shows the most amazing and beautiful animals and insects which we never saw in our entire life. Here, in this as well you share these insects which I never saw anywhere and its life cycle. I love this blog. Thank you once again for sharing this blog with us. Please keep on sharing such informative things in coming days as well. Cheers Education Guide
Thanks for informative post. I am pleased sure this post has helped me save many hours of browsing other similar posts just to find what I was looking for. Just I want to say: Thank you! Education Guide
You are so disgraceful I can’t even believe it! munchkin cat adoption What is your favorite toy to play with or what toy do you wish you had? kitten fo sale Are you sure you don’t have anything bigger? kitten fo sale What do you do for Halloween? What did you dress up last time and what do you want to be this year? cats for sale munchkin kittens for sale Where have you lived and which was your favorite place? cats for sale munchkin kittens for sale She fell off the bull two seconds after she got on. munchkin cat adoption
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. รถเช่ากระบี่
That’s fantastic!! Great Ideas!! Thanks for sharing!!
https://cloudscapeit.co.uk/
This article was written by a real thinking writer. I agree many of the with the solid points made by the writer. I’ll be back. Ebook software
Hey what a brilliant post I have come across and believe me I have been searching out for this similar kind of post for past a week and hardly came across this. Thank you very much and will look for more postings from you. Discover more
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.. Discover more
온라인카지노 는 PC 및 모바일 사용자들이 온라인상에서 쉽게 즐길수
있게 만들어진 온라인카지노 입니다.
편리하게 카지노를 인터넷으로 즐기세요. 다양하게 나와있는 룰렛, 바카라, 비디오 포커, 슬롯 등 카지노잭팟 의 기회를 잡으세요카지노사이트.
Aeldra Yang kaufen sind Spielmünzen, die auf unserer Website gekauft werden. Dank des Yanges das Sie gekauft haben, können Sie Ihren Anspruch im Spiel erhöhen und den erwarteten Erfolg erzielen. Das Ziel im Spiel ist es eine hohen Level zu erreichen und dabei ein starken Charakter zu erschaffen, wenn man ein starken Charakter im Spiel hat, führt dies dazu eine gute psychologische Situation zu haben, was Sie befriedigt. Aeldra Yang Verkauf ist die Währung die Sie wieder auf unserer Website kaufen können. Mit dem Yang können Sie ihre Macht im Spiel weiter steigern und so den gerade erwähnten Erfolg erzielen. Es reicht schon aus unsere Website zu besuchen den Server auszuwählen den Yang ins Warenkorb zu legen und zu kaufen.
Referenz: https://www.metin2yang.net
Türkiye’de hizmet veren bahis sitelerine baktığımız zaman dünyada oynanan bahis oyunlarından çok geri olduğunu görüyoruz. Çünkü oranların düşük olması ve gerekli olan şartların illegal bahis sitelerine göre düşük olması kullanıcıyı kaçak bahis sitelerine yöneltmiştir. Lotusbet bahis sitesi inceleme adı altında yapacağımız bu açıklamada kaçak kelimesinin de aslında insanın üzerinde tereddüt ve çekince oluşturduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bunun içinde insanlar bahis sitesi incelemesi yaparken güven konusunu öğrenmek isterler. Bir bahis sitesinden kaçak olarak bahsetmiş olmamız o sitenin güvenilir olmadığı anlamına gelmeyecektir. Kaçak kelimesinin karşılığı bu sitelerin ülkemizde hizmet verebilmek için yasal izinlerinin olmamasından kaynaklıdır. Bu nedenle de üyelik işlemi oluşturulurken temkinli olmak ancak bu kelimeye de takılmamak gerekir.
Lotusbahis sitesini oyuncuların tercih etmelerinin asıl nedeni yüksek oranlar veriyor ve deneme bonusu gibi seçeneklere sahip olmasıdır. Bedava bonus adı altında verdikleri bu hizmette üyelik kaydı oluşturulurken kullanıcılardan ekstra hiçbir beklenti yoktur. Ancak bonusu kazanmak içinde şart koşmadan olmayacaktır. Şartlar ağır değildir lakin yapılmak zorundadır. Amaç her iki tarafında iyiliği ve güvenliği için bunun gerekli olmasıdır. Şu an Türkiye’de bahis sektörüne baktığımızda neredeyse 10 kat daha fazla büyümüş olduğunu görüyoruz. Sürekli büyüyen bir pazar haline gelmiş olan bu sistemde her gün yeni bahis firmalarının da giriş yapığı görülüyor. Lotusbet giriş sitesi henüz yeni olmasına karşında oldukça fazla ilgiyi üzerine toplamayı başarmıştır.
Referans: http://lotusbetapp.com/
We look to provide greater guidance towards Hong Kong tax, such as salaries tax return, employers obligation, and salaries tax allowance.
bir60 form
Sodium Hypochlorite suppliers in India
Sodium Hypochlorite suppliers in United States
Sodium Hypochlorite suppliers in China
Sodium Hypochlorite suppliers in Pakistan
Sodium Hypochlorite suppliers in Brunei
With Corona lurking, we better be on the safe side: create your own escape living room. Buy a game code, arrange the drinks and refreshments and you are ready
outdoor teambuilding
custom embroidered hats no minimum
Hats have always been a part of fashion without which dressing is incomplete, long before now. There was a time when hats went dark in the dressing culture but it has since seen the light of the day again.Before now, people buy hats manufactured and sold, but nowadays, everyone prefers a custom hat maker.