1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Alkmaarsdagblad.nl is een lokaal nieuwsplatform dat het laatste nieuws en gebeurtenissen uit de regio Alkmaar in Nederland dekt. De onderwerpen variëren van lokale evenementen, noodsituaties en speciale aankondigingen tot sociale initiatieven, plaatselijke activiteiten en culturele gebeurtenissen.
Dagblad Alkmaar
Kini untuk mendapatkan jackpot tidaklah sulit hanya cukup dengan daftar judi slot online BDSlot88 anda sudah bisa mendapatkan jackpot tanpa memerlukan modal yang besar
Dewibola merupakan bandar taruhan bola online & situs bola terpercaya. Agen yang menyediakan permainan lengkap dengan pelayanan terbaik No 1 di Indonesia. dewibola.cc
apex canine training is a professional dog training company that specializes in providing training services for dogs and their owners. Professional dog training services like Apex Canine Training typically offer a range of programs and services tailored to meet the specific needs of dogs and their owners. These services may include:
I really enjoy simply reading all of your weblogs. Simply wanted to inform you that you have people like me who appreciate your work. Definitely a great post. Hats off to you! The information that you have provided is very helpful. betflix
This is a smart blog. I mean it. You have so much knowledge about this issue, and so much passion. You also know how to make people rally behind it, obviously from the responses. betflix
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work. I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people. betflix
Im no expert, but I believe you just made an excellent point. You certainly fully understand what youre speaking about, and I can truly get behind that. plombier
This is very educational content and written well for a change. It’s nice to see that some people still understand how to write a quality post! detection fuite
I don’t normally check out these kinds of sites (I’m a pretty shy person) – but even though I was a bit shocked as I was reading, I was definitely a bit excited as well. Thanks for giving me a big smile for the day 주사위벳
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. agen bola terpercaya
I was very pleased to find this site.I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. betflix
Wow, What an Outstanding post. I found this too much informatics. It is what I was seeking for. I would like to recommend you that please keep sharing such type of info.If possible, Thanks. ロイヤルパークスタワー南千住
I needed to thank you for this phenomenal read!! I unquestionably adored each and every piece of it. I have you bookmarked your site to look at the new stuff you post.
florist and event design team
Nothing compares to Weber using Genesis sort of grills. That is certainly the type gas grills which have been that will always make sure that they deliver a high performance part of down interval
florist and event design team
At our company, we take pride in being the best in our industry. We don’t just settle for mediocrity; we strive to excel and continuously improve. Our team is composed of experts who are knowledgeable and passionate about what they do.We believe that success comes from delivering high-quality content that meets our clients’ needs. That’s why we take the time to understand their requirements and provide them with solutions tailored specifically for their businesses.We use cutting-edge technology and innovative strategies to create unique, engaging content that resonates with target audiences. Whether it’s a blog post, social media campaign or video production, you can always count on us to deliver exceptional results.Our commitment to excellence has earned us numerous accolades over the years. But more than anything else, it’s the satisfaction of our clients that drives us forward. We are dedicated to helping businesses grow by providing them with top-notch content marketing services.In short, when it comes to producing quality content that gets results, there’s no one better than us. If you’re looking for an agency that can help you achieve your digital marketing goals, look no further – because we are simply the best in the business!
https://pastelink.net/a8lgpn3y
I admire what you have done here. I love the part where you say you are doing this to give back but I would assume by all the comments that is working for you as well. Do you have any more info on this? ALPILEAN REVIEWS
تعتبر أفلام عصابات شوارع من الأنواع المشوقة والمثيرة للاهتمام في عالم صناعة السينما. تحكي هذه الأفلام قصصًا مليئة بالتوتر والجريمة والصراعات الداخلية، حيث تركز على حياة العصابات وأعضائها وتفاعلهم مع البيئة المحيطة بهم. أفلام عصابات
At our company, we take great pride in creating high-quality content that exceeds the expectations of our clients. We are very good at what we do and are constantly striving to improve and innovate. Our team is made up of talented writers, editors, designers, and marketers who work together to produce content that engages and informs your audience.We understand how important it is for businesses to have a strong online presence, which is why we tailor our content to meet your specific needs. Whether you need blog posts, social media updates, or product descriptions, we can create compelling copy that resonates with your target audience.But don’t just take our word for it – check out some of the samples on our website and see for yourself how effective our content can be. From catchy headlines to informative articles packed with valuable insights, each piece is crafted with care and attention to detail.So if you’re looking for high-quality content that drives traffic and conversions, look no further than us. We are very good at what we do and would love to help you achieve your business goals through top-notch digital marketing solutions!
https://pastelink.net/9srp2gje
Great write-up, I am regular visitor of one’s blog, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
Great write-up, I am regular visitor of one’s blog, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a long time. acim app
Situated at a corner on Mohammed Ali Street, this location has two doorways. When you get within and go up, there appear to be rooms soon after rooms just after rooms. It is all perplexing, but just let the waiters guide you. As soon as settled, get some time to explore the menu. There are excellent “Tawa-taka-tak” goods and “Raan” dishes. You can consider a crack at paya soup, seekh kebabs, chicken tandoori and chicken afghani. Seekh kebabs are superior. The tandoori rotis are superb. They also have spots where by they serve other stuff like snacks, faloodas, kulfis etc. LEANBIOME
when taking your watch for a repair, always look for a reputable and experienced watch repairman;; LEANBIOME
I am glad that I found this website , exactly the right information that I was searching for! . IKARIA LEAN BELLY JUICE
KoiPlay Bandar Slot Gacor Pulsa Tanpa Potongan
Hey! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a team of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a outstanding job! GLUCOBERRY
Extremely helpful post. This is my first time i visit here. I discovered such a large number of intriguing stuff in your blog particularly its exchange. Truly its extraordinary article. Keep it up. Managed investing
Can I simply say exactly what a relief to locate a person that actually knows what theyre referring to over the internet. You definitely understand how to bring a difficulty to light making it important. More and more people have to check this out and appreciate this side in the story. I cant believe youre less well-known since you certainly hold the gift. GLUCOBERRY REVIEWS
SPEEDEX is a well-known company that offers Greece’s global and local courier services. It gets your packages to their destinations on time and keeps them from getting damaged or mixed up. One of the most important things the company does is speedex tracking, which is just one of its many specialties.
Its superb as your other posts : D, regards for posting . IKARIA LEAN BELLY JUICE
تعتبر الجامعة الإسلامية في النجف واحدة من أبرز المؤسسات التعليمية في العراق. تأسست الجامعة عام 1959 وتقدم تعليمًا عالي الجودة في مجالات متعددة. تشتهر الجامعة بكلية التربية التي توفر برامج تعليمية متميزة في مجال التربية وعلوم النفس.
Thank you for writing this tremendous top quality article. The information in this material confirms my point of view and you really laid it out well. I could never have written an article this good.
Visit Website: https://kickassanime.ch/
Much appreciated. All of your blog was amazing. I am really a fan of yours
바카라사이트
Cirurgia Plástica
Browse a wide variety of Vellum Wrap Wedding Invitations. Customize your wedding invitations with vellum wraps with in-stock wedding invitations that ship fast.
Vellum Wedding Invite
brindes personalizados
Wow, you have written such an awesome blog there, and you and I get exactly the information I am looking for. In the third paragraph, you put an amazing effort into explaining the theme of the content. Geneva Airport Taxi
Great post I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this interesting and knowledgeable article. Korean food
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! ザ東京タワーズミッドタワー
Good post and a nice summation of the problem. My only problem with the analysis is given that much of the population joined the chorus of deregulatory mythology, given vested interest is inclined toward perpetuation of the current system and given a lack of a popular cheerleader for your arguments, I’m not seeing much in the way of change. I would really love to guest post on your blog . Some really nice stuff on this web site , I love it. Im no expert, but I consider you just made the best point. You naturally know what youre speaking about, and I can really get behind that. Thanks for being so upfront and so sincere.
안전놀이터
I have been looking for articles on these topics for a long time.
I don’t know how grateful you are for posting on this topic. Thank you for the numerous articles on this site, I will subscribe to those links in my bookmarks and visit them often. Have a nice day.
토토사이트
First You got a great blog .I will be interested in more similar topics. i see you got really very useful topics, i will be always checking your blog thanks.
the 1967 Arab-Israeli War
I have added and shared your site to my social media accounts to send people back to your site because I am sure they will find it extremely helpful too.
the 1967 Arab-Israeli War
Nothing compares to Weber using Genesis sort of grills. That is certainly the type gas grills which have been that will always make sure that they deliver a high performance part of down interval
the 1967 Arab-Israeli War
If someone week i really ashen-haired not actually pretty, whether you will lite grope a present, thought to follow us to displays bursting with ends of the earth considerably? Inside the impeccant previous, sea ever have dried-up, my hubby and i only may very well be with all of you connected thousands of samsara.
the 1967 Arab-Israeli War
thanks for this post, but you should also check ibomma
Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing.
Establishment and Imran Khan
I really like your blog. Great article. It’s most evident, people should learn before they are able to
Establishment and Imran Khan
Nothing compares to Weber using Genesis sort of grills. That is certainly the type gas grills which have been that will always make sure that they deliver a high performance part of down interval
Establishment and Imran Khan
Your post is very helpful to get some effective tips to reduce weight properly. You have shared various nice photos of the same. I would like to thank you for sharing these tips. Surely I will try this at home. Keep updating more simple tips like this.
Establishment and Imran Khan