1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Excellent article. Very interesting to read. I really love to read such a nice article. Thanks! keep rocking. HowAndWow.Info
This was a really great contest and hopefully I can attend the next one. It was alot of fun and I really enjoyed myself.. 메이저사이트
Hi there, I found your blog via Google while searching for such kinda informative post and your post looks very interesting for me. 補習社
Excellent read, I just passed this onto a colleague who was doing a little study on that. And he actually bought me lunch because I found it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! livpure
เปิดให้บริการทดลองเล่นสล็อต pg ค่ายเกม PG slot เว็บตรงฟรี ใหม่ล่าสุดไม่เด้ง มีให้เลือกเล่นทุกค่ายเกม
I am glad to locate your recognized method for composing the post. Presently you make it simple for me to comprehend and actualize the idea. Much obliged to you for the post. 補習社
Unbelievable articles and wonderful plan. Your blog passage justifies most of the positive information it”s been getting. 補習社
It’s really a great and helpful piece of information. I’m glad that you just shared this helpful information with us. Please stay us informed like this.
카지노사이트
I wan’t going to comment as this posts a bit old now, but just wanted to say thanks.
먹튀검증
This is very helpful, especially for those who are planning to start their new career
토토사이트
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this post! It is the little changes that will make the most significant changes. Thanks a lot for sharing! Feel free to visit my website;
카지노사이트
Your article has answered the question I was wondering about! I would like to write a thesis on this subject, but I would like you to give your opinion once :
토토사이트
Everything is very open with a precise clarification of the issues. It was really informative. Your site is very helpful. Thanks for sharing! Feel free to visit my website; 바카라사이트
The information related to biology assignment help is available here.
안전놀이터
this piece of writing is pleasant and very informative.
토토사이트
Well I truly enjoyed reading it. This subject offered by you is very helpful and accurate..
바카라사이트
Thank you very much for this useful article. I like it. パークアクシス
Can nicely write on similar topics! Welcome to here you’ll find out how it should look. Hall Effect Sensor Output
posting yang benar tapi .. Terima kasih telah berbagi informasi yang luar biasa. Sangat menyenangkan untuk membaca konten yang luar biasa seperti itu. Terima kasih atas kirimannya
jet888bet
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. 토토사이트
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Full Episode
Great Post for Beginner to understand. I finally found great post here. Thanks for information. Keep sharing more articles.
카지노사이트
our article has answered the question I was wondering about! I would like to write a thesis on this subject, but I would like you to give your opinion once
바카라사이트
Youre so right. Im there with you. Your weblog is definitely worth a read if anyone comes throughout it
안전놀이터
Sitemaps are naturally refreshed catalogs of your site shipped off Google (and other web crawlers) at whatever point your site is refreshed. You’ll likely never at any point need to stress over it, yet it’s incorporated for prevalent execution. 成人用品
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work kiss88toto
South Fulton Locksmiths LLC: Your Trusted Community-Driven, Black-Owned Locksmiths South of Atlanta
Discover reliable and affordable locksmith services with South Fulton Locksmiths LLC, proudly serving the community of South Fulton. As a trusted, community-driven, black-owned business, we specialize in digital locks, smart locks, and comprehensive locksmith solutions for residential, commercial, and automotive needs
Steel Shot is a solid round particle causing a peening action and creating a smooth surface. Its heavyweight gives greater impact and hammering action for cleaning heavy forgings and removing heat-treating scale. In peening action, the steel shots are used to impart the compressive strength of critical metal parts. This technique is widely used in the manufacturing of aircraft and ground vehicles to strengthen critical parts such as crankshafts, engine turbine blades, and heavy-duty springs. Steel shot in India is widely used in blast rooms and airless wheel blasters for cleaning, polishing, and finishing various metal parts. we also provide all types of abrasive media like garnet sand, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, steel grit, plastic abrasive, stainless steel shot
https://www.abrasivegrit.in/product/steel-shot
Aw, this was a very nice post. In thought I want to put in writing like this moreover ?taking time and actual effort to make a very good article?however what can I say?I procrastinate alot and certainly not appear to get one thing done. TUPI TEA
In certain cases, there may be a fee associated with changing the name on a Qatar Airways ticket. The exact fee amount and conditions are determined by Qatar Airways Name Change Policy. To obtain the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the Qatar Airways Name Change Fee, it is recommended to contact Qatar Airways customer service or refer to their website. They will provide you with the relevant details, including any fees or charges that may apply when changing the name on your ticket.
insurance Morehead City North Carolina
There are some interesting cut-off dates on this article but I don’t know if I see all of them middle to heart. There may be some validity but I will take hold opinion till I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we would like extra! Added to FeedBurner as nicely Vacation Packages Online
Thank you so much as you have been willing to share information with us. We will forever admire all you have done here because you have made my work as easy as ABC. urban air park
お客様に上質なウッドデッキをご提供するためにお問合わせから施工完了後のアフターサービスまで「すべて」自社で対応しています。
ウッドデッキ施工 大田区
Medyum agah Hoca yıllardır havas ilmi üzerine çalışmalar gerçekleştiren, büyü ve vefk alanlarında çözümler sunan güçlü ve etkili bir hocadır. Bağlama büyüleri, aşk ve evlilik büyüleri, ayırma ve soğutma büyüleri ve büyü bozma konusunda tüm sorunlarınıza hızlı ve etkili çözümler üretmektedir.
büyü bozma
Vinyl windows Toronto
We provide manufacturer’s warranty. All windows and doors we install covered by the warranty.
An impressive share, I just given this onto a colleague who was doing a little evaluation on this. And he in reality bought me breakfast as a result of I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I really feel strongly about it and love studying extra on this topic. If potential, as you develop into expertise, would you mind updating your weblog with extra particulars? It’s extremely useful for me. Huge thumb up for this weblog submit! sattaking
When I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now every time a remark is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any approach you’ll be able to remove me from that service? Thanks! satta king
Sitemaps are naturally refreshed catalogs of your site shipped off Google (and other web crawlers) at whatever point your site is refreshed. You’ll likely never at any point need to stress over it, yet it’s incorporated for prevalent execution. 바인드
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work
soccer camp rancho santa margarita
A refinement process that presses the cannabis (hash or flower, all good) between two heated, metal plates. Done just right, the results are gorgeous golden or white oil butter. Buy Cartridges Online
I’m constantly searching on the internet for posts that will help me. Too much is clearly to learn about this. I believe you created good quality items in Functions also. Keep working, congrats!
soccer camp rancho santa margarita
Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing.
soccer camp rancho santa margarita
Incredible articles and awesome design. Your blog entry merits the greater part of the positive input it”s been getting.
soccer camp rancho santa margarita
There you can download for free, see the first of these data. Audio Components
keep us posted when I can see a follow up! generalwebsurfer
fantastic. I truly do many thanks for operate generalwebsurfer
every one one may be important. One way state could possibly be substantial squandering through the diet. lose weight generalwebsurfer
It is perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you some interesting things or suggestions. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it!ドラマ ネタバレ
Introducing a new system with สล็อต888 games that have received the most interest from players right now. You will find a variety of styles. Play to death, never get bored. Apply for Euroma88, get the most fun and get ready to receive a special prize money.