1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Regular visits listed here are the easiest method to appreciate your energy, which is why why I am going to the website everyday, searching for new, interesting info. Many, thank you what does the black rose represent
ทำงานไม่รวยหรอก แต่ถ้าอยากรวยก็ไม่ยากนะ คลิก คาสิโนออนไลน์
wow, awesome blog article. Specially liked the top content part. I’ve been struggling with a similar type of issue, and your advice was Really helpful. Thanks for the informative post! Tata Signa 2823.k HD 9S
wow, awesome blog article. Especially liked the top content part. I’ve been struggling with a similar type of issue, and your advice was Really helpful. Thanks for the informative post! Tata Signa 2823.k HD 9S
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. to grow and succeed
Impressive web site, Distinguished feedback that I can tackle. Im moving forward and may apply to my current job as a pet sitter, which is very enjoyable, but I need to additional expand. Regards. scores
wow, awesome blog article. Specially liked the top content part. I’ve been struggling with a similar type of issue, and your advice was Really helpful. Thanks for the informative post! Tata Signa 2823.k HD 9S
every information so cool, thankyou Crvbet
Delta Air Lines Vancouver Office Address is Situated in the heart of the city, the office serves as a convenient and accessible hub for Delta Air Lines’ customers in the Vancouver area. With its modern and well-designed facilities, the office provides a welcoming and efficient environment for passengers seeking assistance with reservations, ticketing, baggage services, and general inquiries.
Follow the instructions on this page to Linksys RE6350 Setup . Increasing the wireless network’s length and signal strength with the AC1200 Wireless Range Extender to broaden its coverage
First You got a great blog .I will be interested in more similar topics. i see you got really very useful topics, i will be always checking your blog thanks. rtp slot tertinggi hari ini
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon everyday เว็บผลบอล
I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style of blogging. I added it to my favorites blog site list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my site as well and let me know what you think.
الفاخر
I think this is definitely an amazing project here. So much good will be coming from this project. The ideas and the work behind this will pay off so much. whose report do you believe
A lot of people having an incorrect image about the cash advance loans or sometimes refer it as bad credit payday loans. who hath believed our report
Thank you very much for the sharing! COOL..bokep indo
Personally, I have found that to remain probably the most fascinating topics when it draws a parallel to. You may find two to three new levels inside L . a . Weight loss and any one someone is incredibly important. Initial stage may be real melting away rrn the body. lose weight ストレスチェック
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! product research tools for amazon
This post is extremely radiant. I extremely like this post. It is outstanding amongst other posts that I ve read in quite a while. Much obliged for this better than average post. I truly value it! Silencer Shop
It turns out that even the hottest port has a few places where you can get off the beaten path. Here are some recommendations that will make you feel like you’re in the know ストレスチェック
Thanks so much with this fantastic new web site. very fired up to show it to anyone. It makes me so satisfied your vast understanding and wisdom have a new channel for trying into the world. 産業医
Very nice blog and articles. I am realy very happy to visit your blog. Now I am found which I actually want. I check your blog everyday and try to learn something from your blog. Thank you and waiting for your new post. 사설토토
I looked on the internet to learn more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.
토토사이트
Selain itu, terdapat pula fitur-fitur menarik yang membuat permainan Slot Online Terpopuler semakin menghibur, seperti simbol liar dan putaran gratis. Tidak heran apabila permainan slot Keajaiban Arktik menjadi salah satu permainan slot favorit yang sering dimainkan di seluruh dunia. Siapkan diri Anda, dan rasakan pengalaman bermain slot yang tak terlupakan!
Hello. Thank you Bye. See you again Hello. Thank you See you again. When the morning sun rises, when the morning sun rises, you start another tomorrow with the same people every day. Thank youhttps://casinsaa.com/
their fresh sanctions on Russia – which are set to be announced at the summit – will convince the other G7 countries to increase theirs Washington says the new measures – which include banning 70 entities from receiving US exports as well as another 300 new sanctions on other individuals or entities – are aimed at crippling Moscow’s “war machine” in Ukraine บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
now in its 15th month, is at the top of the summit agenda and countries which haven’t been openly critical of Russia – such as additional guest India – may be under pressure to act. India has declined to adhere to Western sanctions on Russian imports So far, the EU and the UK have flagged they will crack down on Russian diamonds. A US government spokesperson told media this morning they expect all G7 members will unveil new measures over the weekend บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
summit to be dominated by the invasion of Ukraine and overnight, Russia’s aerial assault campaign continued Air raid alerts were earlier declared around Ukraine for about an hour, with reports of explosions in several cities Officials said Russian warplanes were in the air and warned of a threat of air strikes – including from hypersonic Khinzal missiles – to all regions of the country บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
of drones have also targeted the capital Kyiv, the head of the local civilian military administration said Serheii Popko said all the drones have been shot down, adding that the Kremlin was attempting to exhaust Ukraine’s air defence by sending Iranian-made Shahed drones to attack in waves There have been no reports of casualties or major infrastructure damage so far from the attacks บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Russia has carried out four mass launches – two of them between 16 and 18 May alone – compared to one each in April and March, and two in February But Ukraine also appears to be successfully shooting down many of Russia’s missiles and drones with air defence systems บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
of leaders have turned up at the Peace Memorial Park, and the last was the most important VIP of them all – US President Joe Biden Japanese PM Fumio Kishida visibly perked up with Biden’s arrival, and was all smiles as he greeted his close ally After shaking hands and posing for a photo, Biden slowly walked down the red carpet holding hands with his wife Jill. He was accompanied by Kishida, who was seen gesturing animatedly as he chatted with Biden บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Good artcile, but it would be better if in future you can share more about this subject. Keep posting. 실시간 홀덤
Good artcile, but it would be better if in future you can share more about this subject. Keep posting. 실시간 홀덤
of Hiroshima as the host city for the G7 summit highlights the peace-building theme of the gathering It was in Hiroshima in August 1945 that the US dropped the world’s first atomic bomb in WW2 fighting, killing and maiming hundreds of thousands of people and causing utter devastation บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
I am looking for more information about this topic. I found this resource utmost beneficial for me. Thanks a lot for the hard work. SA casino
of that historic tragedy still stand in the city, including a riverside dome that was the only structure left standing in the city after the bomb The G7 leaders are visiting that site this morning, where a giant clock counts the number of days that have passed since the world saw its last nuclear test บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Thanks for sharing us. خرید از amazon
have seen European Union president Ursula von der Leyen, European Council president Charles Michel, British PM Rishi Sunak and Italy’s PM Giorgia Meloni The entire park, which sits in the centre of Hiroshima, has been cordoned off and is closely guarded by a huge security presence. Thousands of police officers were pulled in from various prefectures and have been patrolling the streets for the last few days บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
To Transfer Crypto from Exodus to Coinbase, follow these steps: 1. Open Exodus wallet and locate the crypto you wish to transfer. 2. Click on “Send” and enter your Coinbase wallet address. 3. Confirm the transaction details and complete the transfer.
for Northern Ireland will travel through a new “green lane”, with a separate “red lane” for goods at risk of moving on to the Eu Products coming into Northern Ireland through the green lane will see checks and paperwork significantly reduced, while red lane goods will still be subject to normal checks A “Stormont brake” allows the Northern Ireland Assembly to raise an objection to “significantly different” EU rules which would apply in Northern Ireland เว็บบาคาร่า
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. bola168aman.me
Newsnight Mr Sunak said Parliament would get a vote on the agreement at the “appropriate time” but that MPs needed a chance to consider the detail Labour has said it will support a deal but the government will be reluctant to rely on opposition votes Leader Sir Keir Starmer said the deal was not “perfect” but “now that it has been agreed we all have an obligation to make it work Mr Sunak also confirmed the government was dropping the controversial Northern Ireland Protocol Bill, which was introduced under Mr Johnson when he was prime minister and would have given the UK the power to unilaterally scrap parts of the old deal He said the bill was now no longer needed and the original legal justification for it had “fallen away เว็บบาคาร่า
the agreement Former Brexit Secretary David Davis said the prime minister had “pulled off a formidable negotiating success” and “secured the best possible deal Former Business Secretary Andrea Leadsom said there had been “huge progress”, adding: “It all now depends on whether the communities in NI feel it’s the right solution However, other Tory MPs were more cautious, with prominent Eurosceptic Sir Bill Cash saying “the devil as ever lies in the detail DUP MP Ian Paisley said the deal had “fallen short” in a number of key areas, including the continued role of the European Court of Justice as the final arbiter in disputes over EU rules เว็บบาคาร่า
disguising the fact that in some sectors of our economy EU law remains applicable in Northern Ireland,” it said The party said it would now study the deal and seek “further clarification, reworking or change as required The nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party, and the Alliance neither nationalist nor unionist, welcomed the deal, although both said they had concerns about the Stormont brake clause But the Traditional Unionist Voice Party said the agreement was “much spin, not a lot of substance” and meant the protocol “effectively stays The Ulster Unionist Party said it would study the detail but would not give cover to other parties เว็บบาคาร่า
It is included in my habit that I often visit blogs in my free time, so after landing on your blog. I have thoroughly impressed with it and decided to take out some precious time to visit it again and again. Thanks. 토토사이트
border by conducting checks between Northern Ireland and Great Britain instead But under the treaty, Northern Ireland had to keep following some EU rulesMr Sunak said the new deal “delivers smooth-flowing trade within the whole United Kingdom, protects Northern Ireland’s place in our union and safeguards sovereignty for the people of Northern Ireland But there is no guarantee that it will result in the return of a power-sharing devolved government for Northern Ireland. In a statement, the DUP said “significant progress has been secured across a number of areas” but concerns remain เว็บบาคาร่า
– but two other former leaders, Boris Johnson and Liz Truss, did not attend. Number 10 will be pleased by the response from the US, where outstanding issues over the arrangements in Northern Ireland have been seen as an obstacle in any potential trade talks between London and Washington US President Joe Biden said the deal was “an essential step to ensuring that the hard-earned peace and progress of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement is preserved and strengthened The agreement, named the Windsor Framework, changes the Northern Ireland Protocol, which was signed by Mr Johnson and came into force in 2021 เว็บบาคาร่า
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. خرید از amazon
pictured smiling and chatting, but there was concern from some MPs that the meeting would draw the monarch into a contentious political issue As Mr Sunak travelled back to London to address the Commons, the details of the long-awaited deal were landing well with some MPs who might have been expected to cause the PM political problems Northern Ireland Office Minister and arch-Brexiteer Steve Baker said Mr Sunak had “pulled a blinder He had been considering resigning “as late as yesterday”, he revealed, but added that the agreement “should be good enough for any reasonable unionists เว็บบาคาร่า
It is my first visit to your blog, and I am very impressed with the articles that you serve. Give adequate knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful material. I will be back for the more great post. 홀덤 온라인