1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Positive web site, in which did u come up with the facts in this
posting?I even have read a few of the articles for your website now, and I
sincerely like your style. Thanks 1,000,000 and please keep up the
powerful work.”https://myhomeworkgeeks.com/”>global warming essay
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. Buy ketamine online
I simply desired to appreciate you once more. I do not know the things that I might have tried without the actual techniques documented by you directly on my area. It actually was a very terrifying dilemma for me personally, but noticing a new skilled tactic you handled the issue made me to leap with fulfillment. I’m just grateful for this information and thus expect you are aware of a great job that you are getting into educating the mediocre ones by way of your webblog. I am certain you haven’t met any of us. Tekirdağ Web Tasarım
I just could not depart your site prior to suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back often to check up on new posts Çerkezköy Web Tasarım
This blog about 2015 Board Actions – Louisiana Used Motor
Vehicle Commission, is a very usefull and i will
Çerkezköy Web Tasarım
Hmm it appears like your blog ate my first comment (it was
extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I had written and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to everything.
Do you have any recommendations for inexperienced blog writers?
Malkara Web Tasarım
에볼루션 카지노
바카라는 플레이어의 행동이 지시되는 게임이고 추첨이 무작위이기 때문에 적절한 전략을 세우기가 어려울 것입니다. 그러면 플레이어가 게임을하는 동안 적용될 조언에 대해 더 이상 이야기하지 않을 것입니다
I suppose this is an informative put up and it is very beneficial and
knowledgeable. Therefore, I would love to thanks for the efforts
you have made in writing this newsletter. rEnglish homework
Hello there, I discovered your website via Google even as looking for a similar matter, your site came up, it looks
great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. ünye Web Tasarım
Hi there, just become alert to your blog thru Google, and
located that it’s really informative. I am going to watch
out for brussels. I will be grateful when you continue this in future.
Numerous folks can be benefited out of your writing. Cheers!
Ergene Web Tasarım
Akışkanların kontrolünün sağlanması gereken birçok sistem üzerinde kullanılan vanalar olması gerekir. Dozajlama Klapesi ise bu elemanlardan bir tanesidir. Farklı alanlarda kullanılan bu tür ürünler oldukça büyük öneme sahiptir. Genelde silo ve bunker çıkışında kullanılan sistem paketleme tesislerinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bazı sistemlerde basıncın ayarlanabilmesi çok önemlidir. Çünkü sistemi açıp kapatamayacağınız ya da basıncı ayarlayamadığınız zaman tüm sisteme zarar verebilirsiniz. Sorunların giderilebilmesi içinde sistemin rahatça açılıp kapatılması gerekir. Control valveleri akışın basınç seviyesini kontrol etmek için kullanılır ve çoğu durumda değimler bu sayede kontrol edilir.
Referans : https://www.morendustri.com/
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. guest posting sites
If you are looking to redecorate your caravan, you need to consider the type of decorating styles that suit your needs. There are two main types of caravan decorating styles: rustic and classical. Çorlu seo uzmanı
You will see that each of these styles has its own advantages and disadvantages when applied to a caravan. Çorlu seo
Before deciding on a particular decorating style, it is important to think carefully about your lifestyle and what sort of caravan you have. tekirdağ seo
If you live in a caravan park with many other residents, you will probably be drawn to the more traditional style of decorating. tekirdağ seo uzmanı
However, if you are an independent camper, you might want to consider a more eclectic style of decorating. kapaklı seo uzmanı
hi was just seeing if you minded a comment. i like your website and the thme you picked is super. I will be back. Online UI Developer Training
Exceptionally useful post! There is a considerable measure of data here that can enable any business to begin with a fruitful long range informal communication campaign klima servisi
Yay google is my queen assisted me to find this great web site! 고스톱
I was studying some of your content on this internet site and I think this internet site is very informative!
Keep on posting.
토토사이트웹
I am actually happy to read this website posts which carries plenty of helpful data, thanks for providing these kinds 한국야동
of data.
very interesting article, keep up spreading the knowledge.
Gallery Hire East London
Generally I don’t read post on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do so!
Gallery Hire East London
Thanks for sharing this information. I really like your blog post very much. You have really shared a informative and interesting blog post with people.. Shroom chocolate bars
Nice facts, precious and wonderful layout, as proportion top stuff
with proper ideas and ideas, masses of first rate records and
concept, both of which I need, thanks to provide one of these useful
facts right here.
assignment writers
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and
knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts
you have made in writing this article.
essay assignment help
Your information was very useful to me. That’s exactly what I’ve been looking for 바둑이사이트!
I accidentally searched and visited your site. I still saw several posts during my visit, but the text was neat and readable. I will quote this post and post it on my blog. Would you like to visit my blog later? 온라인홀덤
Hello, I’ve been working with the target db for over 5 years with the work team.
We will always try to profit from sales and marketing with the latest DB.
If you contact us anytime 24 hours a day, we will be kindly consulted.
Here is my web site … 주식디비
Very insightful input here. For more about bikes you may check out here https://bikingsmug.com/
Cheers! You have really allured me; I have no words to explain my feelings about your post. 먹튀검증
I like your post. It regards see you verbalize from the heart and lucidity on this essential subject can be effectively watched. more data see site 먹튀검증
Good focuses you composed here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some really fascinating points.Keep up the great work. 먹튀검증
Major thankies for the blog. 먹튀검증
I think this is one of the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article 먹튀검증
Nice
Magento Speed Optimization
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article. Russell Crowe fat
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for your site. You have some really great posts and I feel I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an email if interested. Thank you! guest post service
راهنمای خرید مودم های کابلی با سرعت
به جای انتخاب مودم کابلی صرفاً براساس قیمت ، سرعت بارگیری را که هر مودم برای پشتیبانی طراحی کرده است در نظر بگیرید. به سراغ یکی از بهترین گزینه ها برای سرعت بسته اینترنت خود بروید. با استفاده از یک مودم اشتباه ، تنها کسری از سرعت اینترنت را که برای آن پرداخت می کنید ، بدست خواهید آورد.
راهنمای خرید مودم
I know this is one of the most meaningful information for me. And I’m animated reading your article. But should remark on some general things, the website style is perfect; the articles are great. Thanks for the ton of tangible and attainable help. how much does a loan officer make a year
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. guest post
I cannot wait to dig deep and kickoff utilizing resources that I received from you. Your exuberance is refreshing. licensed loan originator salary
All your hard work is much appreciated. Nobody can stop to admire you. Lots of appreciation. licensed loan originator salary
Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive! how much does a loan officer make a year
Thanks for an interesting blog. What else may I get that sort of info written in such a perfect approach? I have an undertaking that I am just now operating on, and I have been on the lookout for such info. how much does a loan officer make a year
surprised why this coincidence didn’t came about earlier! I bookmarked it 안전놀이터
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. zerrin egeliler
I am looking for and I love to post a comment that “The content of your post is awesome” Great work! 먹튀검증
Thanks for sharing this great article 먹튀검증커뮤니티