1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
The most trusted global standard online evolution provides a safe and transparent system in a fast and pleasant environment.
에볼루션카지노
Dapatkan Sumber Informasi Casino Online hanya di xgame.id
Right News BD
Read correct Bangladeshi news from our news website. We bring you fast business news, sports news and breaking news, lifestyle news.
Interior Design BD
Hi, hope you are looking for Interior Design Idea for your Home, office, get smart desigin concept to display your dignity from our Interior Company in Bangladesh Interior Design BD serving you the best to decorate your space at affordable price.
Professional Localization Services
Professional Localization Services help you to adapt a product or service to meet the language, culture, and other specific requirements of a particular country or region. In today’s global market, it is essential for businesses to reach out to customers from different regions to expand their reach and increase their customer base. However, the process of localization can be complex and requires a deep understanding of the target market and its culture.
Birth Certificate Translation
Translingua s provides Birth Certificate Translation Services for USCIS and will translate a birth certificate to English for you fast, accurately, and at a great price.
Appreciate you sharing, great blog post.Much thanks again. get weed in cologne-koln
I read your articles regularly, and I gained a lot of knowledge. Thanks for sharing your knowledge. With the help of Mobile App Development, you can Transform your Business and take it to the next level.
Kubota Tractor Price
This is wonderful blog, I like this blog
Are you looking for the authentic source from where you can order Marijuana and Cannabis Directly? well, We the scottiestrains.com provides you the best sativa, Indica or hybrid strains worldwide. Just place an order and get your delivery at your doorstep securely.
Check out more tahoe scottie strain
Really appreciate you sharing this post.Really looking forward to read more. Want more. get marijuana in marseilles
Is Your Beta Fish Dying are beautiful and fascinating creatures, but they require proper care to stay healthy and happy. By understanding the signs that your betta fish may be dying and taking appropriate action, you can help ensure that your fish stays healthy and thriving for years to come. Remember to provide a clean and suitable environment, feed a balanced diet, and seek professional help if needed.
Get information casino online at telegram xgame
This is very appealing, however , it is very important that will mouse click on the connection: online cricket id
Based on scientific research, body massage spa in koyambedu provides various health benefits to the body, it is effective for chronic back pain and chronic tension headache, it can help manage depression, anxiety, stress, pain, and inflammation, in addition, it can help to improve the quality of sleep
MPOCASH > Situs Judi Slot Online Terpercaya Gampang Menang 2023
MPOCASH kini sudah kembali hadir dengan berbagai macam permainan dari Daftar Slot Online terpercaya yang masuk ke kelompok situs judi slot online terpercaya serta resmi PAGCOR 2023.
Memanglah game slot online sendiri udah ternama dikelompok banyak penyuka judi online yang berada pada dunia terakhir, tidak kecuali yang berada pada Indonesia. Buat bisa nikmati semua judi online slot gacor atau judi online kesukaan anda sekarang kian mudah dengan kehadiran situs judi slot online paling besar MPOCASH dengan slot online uang asli gampang menang yang dipunyai. Ada pula banyak variasti game judi online termashyur buat anda mainkan di mana pastilah beri keuntungan.
use of blockchain
Polychain places its money on HotStreak to streamline sports betting with the use of blockchain
In sports activities, betting, on-the-spot payments, and dependable custody are crucial to consumer enjoyment. Hot streak, a web3 platform for daily delusion sports (DFS) contests, is wagering that the decentralized nature of the blockchain makes it a super answer for DFS platforms.
The sports betting marketplace inside the U.S. Has grown hastily as states start loosening rules across the enterprise. It doubled in 2021, with over $fifty two.7 billion general wagered over the 12 months, consistent with Morning Consult.
There are two significant problems with massive sports activities having a betting system like FanDuel nowadays, HotStreak CEO Greg Dean instructed Ctr in an interview. The primary is that as a player, “getting your cash inside and out is highly painful,” he stated because payouts are tethered to legacy fee structures along with ACH swictr h h that requires the user to consider the counterparty towards whom they’re betting on the platform to distribute budget to them.
While customers experience the friction of gradual-transferring, centralized charge structures, operators bear the brunt of building and preserving their own proprietary currencies on-platform to facilitate payout.
“When you communicate to somebody, and you explain that [for] billion-dollar groups like FanDuel, while you open up their tech stack and you look inner, you notice an on-ramp, proprietary wallet, a proprietary virtual foreign money, and a proprietary ledger, all maintained with the aid of this centralized, depended on authority. I suppose we’re going to appear returned at that and form of snicker at the enterprise a bit,”.
“It’s only a massive inefficiency in terms of working the business. What they want to do is construct properly products that users need to apply, not emerge as an on and rancid-ramp for fiat, or a proprietary digital currency,” he delivered.
HotStreak’s decentralized SHARP protocol aims to address each facet of the issue from payments and custody attitude by w The agreement length for payments on its platform is 10 seconds, in step with the organization’s website.
HotStreak raised ~$1.Five million for its seed spherical in May last 12 months, mainly from angel investors who Dean stated are “big crypto lovers.” Today, the agency introduced a further $9 million investment for a Series A round led through crypto-local VC company Polychain Capital, a brand new investor in HotStreak.
The product has evolved substantially since the seed was spherical, Dean said. HotStreak’s team plans to use the new funding to similarly develop its platform and the underlying protocol on which it runs; he persevered.
“When we raised our first round, it became extra simply based totally on the technology that we’re constructing for the DFS product, which is a group of neural networks that fee the quick intervals of sporting events, ”
The organization has seen $three to $five million worth of transactions in line with the month on its platform this summer. Dean stated that it is profitable these days, even though he no longer proportions particular numbers regarding revenue or profitability.
FanDuel co-founder and CEO Nigel Eccles, who invests in and advises several sports having a betting agency, is joining as chairman of the startup’s board as part of the Series A, which may assist the employer in staying linked to possibilities to work with other businesses in the area.
HotStreak makes money from the entry costs it prices players to use its platform, which it says are indexed at the app at the start of each game. It plans to monetize its software program by promoting it to different sports activities having bet structures, according.
Dean and his crew aren’t the simplest founders who’ve diagnosed room for blockchain-primarily based innovation within the sports-making a bet area. Last month, BetDEX, a startup co-based by ex-FanDuel execs such as Eccles, debuted its own Solana-based sports betting protocol, armed with $21 million in funding it raised final year from Paradigm and FTX. BetDEX is greater centered on bringing down charges within the space, while HotStreak is focusing its efforts on enhancing payments and custody procedures. read more :- https://yknpmarketing1403.blogspot.com/
This is an amazing Article for Everyone. I like it so much. Delhi Escorts
Perfect is different, and having a completely nigoal perfect life can only happen moments at a time.
Are you looking for the authentic source from where you can order Marijuana and Cannabis Directly? well, We the scottiestrains.com provides you the best sativa, Indica or hybrid strains worldwide. Just place an order and get your delivery at your doorstep securely.
Check out more apple gelato review
The essential purpose of laser remedy is to lower pain and infection, speed up the recuperation process in broken tissues, and stimulate nerve regeneration.
healthinesshub
Incredibly useful and detailed information. 토토사이트
I have genuinely correct decided to create some kind of web site, that i shop recently been substandard to perform to add some time within. Appreciates for this reason illuminate, this really is functional! seoclerk
Love to read it,Waiting For More new Update and I Already Read your Recent Post its Great Thanks. gamefi
After i can see this publish. I think Individuals match numerous make an effort to construct this particular publish. After i delight in your work. seoclerk
fertility clinics these days are very advanced and of course this can only mean higher success rates on birth https://spogd.com
place where the men try to release some of the pain that they are not given leave to express.
성인링크
I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. vn88 rezence
wow, awesome blog post.Really thank you! Fantastic. lgw to lhr transfer
it is of course wise to always use recycled products because you can always help the environment 토토사이트
wowgame888 เล่นได้ทุกแบรนด์ ทั้งยังสล็อต ยิงปลา บาคาร่า กระเป๋าเดียวไม่ต้องโยกเงิน โบนัสแตกดีทุกวี่วัน ได้รางวัลใหญ่ไม่จำกัด เกมนับ 100 ให้คุณได้เลือกเล่น ฝาก-ถอนไวที่สุดเพียงแค่ 5 วินาทีเท่านั้นเอง ลงทะเบียนเป็นสมาชิกวันนี้ เล่นง่ายจ่ายจริง บริการตลอด 1 วันด้วยระบบอัตโนมัติ มั่นคง wowgame888 ปลอดภัย 100% มาพร้อมกับระบบแนะนำเพื่อนเพื่อรับค่าคอม 0.9% ทุกยอดการแทง สร้างรายได้มากกว่าเดือนละ 100,000 ง่ายก็แค่ชี้นำเพื่อนพ้องมาเล่นกับเรา wowgame 888 เล่นแล้วมีเงินมีทองไม่รู้ตัว !
Great, thanks for sharing this blog article.Thanks Again. Cool. Fujitsu air conditioning Canberra
This was a useful blog. I shared it with all my friends so that they can enhance their knowledge by reading these blogs 안전놀이터
It s really amazing here. I want to say that your amazing. I learn and learn a lot of useful information. 토토사이트
situs agen pay4d deposit 10 ribu dengan slot garansi kekalahan 100 tanpa to dan dibekali akun wso dan id pro menaikkan winrate tertinggi
PG Slot, the most popular online slots promotions, the strongest No. 1
PGSLOT.LINK is the number 1 online slot game website that gathers fun and enjoyment.
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently 토토사이트
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search…Its a good post..keep posting and update the information. 토토사이트
These independent escorts can meet all of your needs, whether you’re searching for companionship, someone to assist you tour the city, or just want to unwind with a knowledgeable friend. They provide professional, discreet services that will meet your needs. Apart from that we also provide Bangalore celebrity escorts if needed.
For celebrity / Russian escort service in Bangalore contact us at ishikaabangalore.com. Our Escorts Services are known for Sexy Beautiful Girls and on time delivery.Contact our Bangalore Escorts immediately!
I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work… gamefi
website situs slot gacor adalah salah satu website yang menawarkan pendaftaran langsung untuk pemain Indonesia yang ingin bermain game tembak ikan ini dengan layanan pendaftaran gratis dan transaksi mudah dan cepat.
You bear through a stunning opening. I mental abundancy clear as can be quarry it other than really propose to my buddys. I’m saved they support be benefitted by this scene. Dietoxone Bhb Gummies
I have read several good stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to create such a wonderful informative web site. Klimt Cairnhill showroom
There are a few fascinating points in time on this page but I don’t know if these center to heart. There’s some validity but I am going to take hold opinion until I check into it further. Excellent article , thanks and we want much more! Included with FeedBurner likewise katong park tower
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your website is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched everywhere and just couldn’t come across. What a great web-site. midtown modern showflat
you possess a fantastic blog here! if you’d like to have the invite posts in my small blog? One Pearl Bank Showflat
In here, he keeps the pace constantly quick, constantly throws a crazy scenario to pit our heroes in, and never gives you a chance to breathe and realize how preposterous this movie really is. perfectten
I’ve recently started a site, and the information you offer on this website has helped me a lot. Thank you for all of your time & work. Sky Eden showflat
Very informative article post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing. Fujitsu air conditioning Canberra