by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

164,145 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  3. Lucky Piggy แตกง่าย ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์มากมายหลากหลาย เป็นบริการซอฟต์แวร์หลายเกม หลายแพลตฟอร์ม และหลายภาษาเป็นแพลตฟอร์มที่ให้บริการเกมคาสิโนและ สล็อตออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด สำหรับผู้เล่นออนไลน์ ลองนึกถึงความจริงที่ว่าคุณกำลังเล่น สล็อตแมชชีน และเกมคาสิโนประเภทต่างๆ ในบัญชีเดียว

  7. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work… selera123

  8. Before you sell your scrap car under the Cash for Clunkers program, there are several steps you should take to prepare it for sale. First,scrap cars clean the car inside and out to make it look as presentable as possible. Next, make any necessary repairs to ensure that the car is in good working order.

  9. you sell your scrap car under the Cash for Clunkers program, there are several steps you should take to prepare it for sale. First,scrap cars clean the car inside and out to make it look as presentable as possible. Next, make any necessary repairs to ensure that the car is in good working

  13. Great article. While browsing the web I got stumbled through the blog and found more attractive. I am Software analyst with the content as I got all the stuff I was looking for. The way you have covered the stuff is great. Keep up doing a great job
    https://kissmebangbang.com

  16. Looking to buy Botox online? Trust our licensed and reliable source for safe, authentic Botox injections.
    Browse our selection and place your order today for fast delivery to your door.

    Check out more actemra 200 mg price

  17. HyperX gaming headset
    HyperX gaming headset shopping for a guide
    Ah, HyperX. Few businesses revel in logo recognition, and fewer place out as many properly-made audio products. However, as right as gaming headsets like the HyperX Cloud Alpha and Cloud Flight S are, no longer everything the employer makes is stellar. Given how many gaming headsets the company places out and how similar all in their names are, it can be easy to get pressured and select something that’s not what you’re searching for. So let’s spoil what you must understand while shopping for a new gaming headset (or mic) from HyperX.

    HyperX gaming headset shopping for guide: What capabilities should you remember?
    Much like with another type of audio buy, there are many matters to reflect on, consideration on almost your very own setup and desires earlier than you buy—permits start with the fundamentals. HyperX doesn’t make complex gadgets, so once you parent out what you want, it needs to be clean to find a headset that ticks all the proper bins.

    What is your price range?
    Your price range without delay narrows down your alternatives while looking for a brand new gaming headset (or a new whatever, honestly). Gaming headsets rarely run as luxurious as premium audio hardware, but in addition; they usually begin at a better fee than the cheapo earbuds you obtain at a mall kiosk in between journeys to Hot Topic and Nordstrom (I know the one’s stores don’t go collectively. However you try arising with a mall reference in 2021).

    If you’re after some of the more excellent HyperX merchandise available, you should expect to spend at least $one hundred. Of course, the corporation sells headsets (and a microphone) for cheaper, but flagship products like the HyperX Cloud Alpha and HyperX Cloud II Wireless retail in or above that variety.

    Does move-platform aid count for you?
    Not all headsets function as a move-platform guide. The new generation of consoles may have brought fresh pix and surround sound talents, but they didn’t herald a brand new compatibility technology. Nevertheless, gaming headsets built for PC and PlayStation don’t work with Xbox consoles.

    On the brilliant aspect, the new era vs. the Remaining age doesn’t rely as much this time—because consoles have integrated things like surround sound, so next-era gaming headsets tend to strip those capabilities out or limit them a bit. You gained’t discovered hardware-primarily based surround like at the HyperX Cloud Flight S because software handles that on PC, and consoles don’t need it. This also means many older gaming headsets will paint great on PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X. The connection techniques haven’t changed, so if it uses a three.5mm connection, you’ll still be set. You may even be aware your vintage headset sounds a bit distinctive—the PlayStation five has no problem piping its integrated three-D audio into most headphones, and the identical is true of the Xbox Series X.

    What is HyperX NGenuity?
    If you’re a PC gamer, existence hasn’t modified plenty with the advent of recent consoles. HyperX gaming headsets get all their additional functions on PC through the HyperX NGenuity companion app. NGenuity is one of the more well-laid-out gaming headset apps. It doesn’t often convey all that plenty of extra value, but it’s responsive and clean to apply— tendencies that are rarer than they must be amongst apps like this.

    HyperX Cloud Stinger headsets are for virtually tight budgets
    Cloud Stinger headsets are the legitimately cheap part of the HyperX product circle of relatives and are on the less complicated side of the agency’s product services. Ranging from $39-USD 79, those headsets are slightly less premium, with mics that don’t detach and all-plastic builds that keep things far lighter but flimsier. The line includes four essential pieces of merchandise—the HyperX Cloud Stinger, Cloud Stinger Core, Cloud Stinger S, and Cloud Stinger Core Wireless + 7.1—with platform-specific variations for each one. Unfortunately, however, they’re not all as one-of-a-kind as the advertising materials could have you ever trust.

    Wired HyperX Cloud Stinger headsets
    The HyperX Cloud Stinger is available in a PC version like-minded with everything that supports three.5mm connections (that consists of all consoles, with the aid of the way), and a version geared towards PlayStation consoles with, in reality, exact specifications. The Cloud Stinger Core is made for Xbox consoles, and it features 50mm drivers and on-ear quantity controls, as opposed to the 40mm drivers and in-line quantity controls of the alternative, but it’s in any other case the same headset. Of course, they’re all the exact fees, too, so it comes down to whether you need a black and pink headset, black and blue, or black and green. read more :- https://surprisinglytechnology.blogspot.com/

  20. I’m impressed, I have to admit. Genuinely rarely should i encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail to the head. Your notion is outstanding; the problem is an element that not enough everyone is speaking intelligently about. We’re happy that I stumbled across this inside my try to find some thing relating to this. Phillips CPAP

  23. Your writing is perfect and complete. baccaratsite However, I think it will be more wonderful if your post includes additional topics that I am thinking of. I have a lot of posts on my site similar to your topic. Would you like to visit once?

  24. I’m writing on this topic these days, safetoto, but I have stopped writing because there is no reference material. Then I accidentally found your article. I can refer to a variety of materials, so I think the work I was preparing will work! Thank you for your efforts.

  27. I just finished reading your latest blog post and I wanted to express my appreciation for the valuable insights you shared. Your writing style is engaging and easy to follow, making it a pleasure to read your content.
    Legenda para foto sozinha

  39. Traveling to and from DIA Limo Service LaGuardia airport can be a stressful experience, especially if you don’t have reliable transportation. That’s why Dobbs Ferry Irvington Ardsley Taxi and Limousine service is here to help.

    Their experienced drivers and well-maintained vehicles make them the go-to choice for anyone looking for a comfortable and hassle-free ride to and from LaGuardia airport.

  40. We provide one on one and face to face speed dating services, that people can match together and know each other one on one . Details to know click here Speed dating

  42. I had just recently started hunting for start up business ideas After six hours of nonstop Google searching, I eventually found it on your website. I’m curious as to why Google doesn’t place this kind of educational websites at the top of the list. Typically, the most popular websites are crammed with junk.

  45. Your writing style is clear and concise, which made it easy to understand the complex concepts you discussed. Thank you for sharing your expertise with us.

    Tata 4225 Cowl

  48. It’s really great. Thank you for providing a quality article. There is something you might be interested in. Do you know safetoto ? If you have more questions, please come to my site and check it out!

  49. Steel shots are the perfect choice for any shot blasting application. Their durability and strength make them ideal for removing paint, rust, and other contaminants from different surfaces without damaging the substrate. They can also be used for cleaning, deburring, and other applications. Definitely worth investing in!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *