1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Daftar Gratis Main Games Online Lewat Bandar Resmi Dapatkan Fasilitas Taruhan lengkap Di Bet365link
Appropriate brushing and health are crucial for the pet’s health and well-being. Typical baths, fingernail shaping, and brushing can help in keeping your pet’s coat shiny and healthy, ragdoll vs maine coon while also avoiding matting and skin irritation. It can be essential to keep your pet’s teeth clean to stop dental problems, such as for example gum disease and tooth decay.Regular professional check-ups are an essential part of dog care, as they are able to help recognize health problems early on and prevent them from becoming more serious. Your veterinarian can also provide you with advice on appropriate diet, exercise, and brushing for the pet’s specific needs.
Along with physical exercise, it is essential to supply your dog with psychological stimulation to stop indifference and promote good behavior. This may include interactive toys, questions, and activities that concern your pet’s mind and keep them engaged.Creating a secure and protected setting for the dog can be needed for their well-being. This may include obtaining dangerous goods or substances out of reach, giving a secure and surrounded outdoor place for your pet to perform in, and ensuring your house is free from potential hazards, such as for example loose cables or sharp objects.
I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, thanks for sharing. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also! invitation maker
There are several tips to keep in mind when reserving https://blinctrip.com/ Flight Tickets with Blinctrip or any other airline to ensure a smooth and stress-free experience. It is essential to plan ahead and book your ticket in advance, particularly if you are travelling during peak season or on a popular route. This will not only help you find the best discounts and avoid price increases at the last minute, but it will also give you more time to prepare for and pack for your trip. If feasible, you should be flexible with your travel dates and times. Early morning and late night flights are typically less congested and may have lower fares. Additionally, attempt to book your flights during the week, as weekend flights are typically more expensive due to increased demand.
Very nice keep it up good work.numéro de série du logiciel
Wow, What a Excellent post. I really found this to much informatics. It is what i was searching for.I would like to suggest you that please keep sharing such type of info.Thanks golf carts for sale
It was a very good post indeed. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it in my lunch time. Will surely come and visit this blog more often. Thanks for sharing. portable power wheelchairs
PG SLOT เว็บตรง I really like your articles. I’d like you to take a look at mine, check out slotgxy888 PG SLOT เว็บตรง
Wow, What a Excellent post. I really found this to much informatics. It is what i was searching for.I would like to suggest you that please keep sharing such type of info.Thanks บาคาร่า99
Botak123 merupakan agen slot online mudah menang dan gacor, banyak bocoran-bocoran game slot gacor yang akan di sediakan yang akan menemani anda agar lebih cepat menang.
PG SLOT เว็บตรง เว็บตรงที่ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ มั่นคง ปลอดภัย การันตี 100% สมัครได้แล้วที่ slotgxy888 PG SLOT เว็บตรง
I loved your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged. morgan wallen expensive tickets
Rows of gambling licenses such as PAGCOR, Malta Gaming Authority, iTech Labs, Gambling Commission, BMM Testlabs, and Certified Gaming Labs are tasked with overseeing and overseeing the system operating on the online gacor slot gambling site https://margaretperry.org/ and the trusted Slot88 gacor agent
Urmareste cele mai noi serial turcesc aripi frante rezumat online subtitrate in romana. Aici gasiti lista cu seriale turcesti online subtitrate .
Urmareste cele mai noi seriale turcesti de dragoste online subtitrate in romana. Aici gasiti lista cu seriale turcesti online subtitrate .
Urmareste cele mai noi seriale turcesti netflix online subtitrate in romana. Aici gasiti lista cu seriale turcesti online subtitrate .
จึงสั่งคอปเตอร์คอยจับตา ดั่งฟ้าสิ้นตะวัน เดือนประดับ ไม่เห็นด้วยเพราะไม่อยากให้แม่ยุ่งเกี่ยวกับวงโปงลางอีก จึงสั่งคอปเตอร์คอยจับตาดูความเคลื่อนไหวของทั้งคู่อย่างใกล้ชิด .
สล็อต pg, free credit, the number 1 hot online slot website in 2023 with a 24-hour automatic deposit and withdrawal system, try playing slot at slotgxy888 สล็อต pg
Beautiful place in france
Beautiful place in france. Cari hotel murah terbaik dekat sana bisa dengan mudah dengan hotel.co.id
pg slot 3D online video slots games, beautiful graphics, attractive to play, with many games to choose from PGSLOT, the main website that offers PG slots games, the latest in 2023, new open slots websites. Play slot games anywhere through the website. slotgxy888 Sign up for free
Oh my goodness! An amazing article dude. Thank you However I am experiencing issue with ur Rss/Feed . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting identical feed problem? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thanks 토토365프로
This web site is really a walk-through for all of the info you wanted about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here and you’ll definitely discover it. 스포츠중계
pg slot 3D online video slots games, beautiful graphics, attractive to play, with many games to choose from PGSLOT, the main website that offers PG slots games, the latest in 2023, new open slots websites. Play slot games anywhere through the website. slotgxy888 Sign up for free.
I love the way you write and share your niche! Very interesting and different! Keep it coming! Rbx gum
PUCRESULT2019 is a start-up by passionate webmasters and bloggers who have passion to provide engaging content which is accurate, interesting and worthy to read. We are mope like a web community where you can find different information’s, resources, topics on day to day incidents or news. https://pucresult2019.com/ We provide you the finest of web content on each and every topics possible with help of editorial and content team Our site is a multiple Niche or category website which will ensure to provide informational and resources on each and every topic. Some of the evergreen topics you will see on our website are Career, Job Recruitment, Educational, Technology, Reviews and other. More over Indian is the country which we are targeting mostly so it is true examination results updates will be our main criteria. The only reason we have started this website to make this site the need for your daily search use.
PG SLOT เว็บตรง attraction from my Slot pg. Want you to join this player. Enter Slot pg link PG SLOT เว็บตรง
We are Proficinal Bloggers and we have Published the Blog/ Website to Support Better Education that’s way we have provide this information to help JNVST 2019 Students, and every student can please note we are not responsible, if Any mistakes in the Content or Information, and we are not officials https://navodayaresult2019.com/ of the Jawahar Navodaya Vidhyalaya Samiti, We have Provided the Information Only for reference Purpose and we are not responsible to any errors and mistakes in the provided information We have Advised to Everyone can Visit Official Website or Contact Nearest Navodaya Vidhyala Officials and Studying School Headmaster and any official Education authorities in your circle
PG SLOT เว็บตรง attraction from my Slot pg. Want you is to join this player. Enter Slot pg link PG SLOT เว็บตรง
MPOCASH Agen web Slot deposit pulsa tanpa potongan memasarkan 8 provider terpilih dunia serta kamu gak butuh meragukannya kembali kwalitetnya provider yang kami pasarkan.
winner55 มีข้อดีกว่าเว็บไซต์อื่น ๆ หลายประการ หนึ่งคือวิธีที่ดีและสะดวกที่สุดในการเชื่อมต่อกับ คาสิโนออนไลน์ มันนำเสนอวิธีการฝากและถอนเงินแบบทันที เช่นเดียวกับการสนับสนุนวีไอพีไซต์ Oriental Prosperity
I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. Bitcoin Cash CashTokens
PG SLOT เว็บตรง เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ยอดฮิต อันดับ 1 ของประเทศ มีบริการระบบฝากถอนออโต้ ให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง ทั้งยังมีเครดิตฟรีอีกมากมายเพียงคุณคลิกลิงค์ PG SLOT เว็บตรง
PG SLOT เว็บตรง เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ยอดฮิต อันดับ 1 และของประเทศ มีบริการระบบฝากถอนออโต้ ให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง ทั้งยังมีเครดิตฟรีอีกมากมายเพียงคุณคลิกลิงค์ PG SLOT เว็บตรง
PG SLOT เว็บตรง attraction from my Slot pg. and Want you to join this player. Enter Slot pg link PG SLOT เว็บตรง
Man you legend. return see my website, you must get pleasure from it. 먹튀검증
I can’t say that I completely agree, but then again I’ve never really thought of it quite like that before. Thanks for giving me something to think about when I’m supposed to have an empty mind while trying to fall asleep tonight lol.. 먹튀검증
The best blog I’ve ever read. I sincerely thank the blogger for the excellent blog. People looking for the Comfort Driver Services in Dubai.
I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. cebanqq
Your post has those facts which are not accessible from anywhere else. It’s my humble request to u please keep writing such remarkable articles
토스카지노
Salman Khan is a well-known Bollywood actor who has been hosting the popular reality show Bigg Boss on Colors TV for several seasons now. It is highly likely that he will be hosting Bigg Boss 17 as well.bigg boss audition 2023 Salman’s wit, humor, and no-nonsense approach have made him a favorite among fans of the show.
I looked on the internet to learn more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.
토스카지노
I loved your post. Much obliged. Entrümpelung Berlin
The times may have changed ecommerce services, but our creativity certainly hasn’t. Get in touch so that we can start elevating you to where you deserve to be.
Oriental Prosperity เกมส่งเสริมความสำเร็จด้วยการมอบรางวัลและธีมที่น่าสนใจซึ่งทั้งทันสมัยและน่าตื่นเต้น สล็อตเว็บตรง888 นำเสนอตัวเลือกที่น่าดึงดูดใจสำหรับการเดิมพันประเภทต่างๆ แม้ว่าจะเป็นเรื่องเกี่ยวกับเกมสล็อตโบนัสก็ตามทั้งหมดนี้เกี่ยวกับเกมใหม่ที่ชื่อว่า เป็นเกมการพนันออนไลน์ที่ได้รับ สมัครสมาชิกOriental Prosperity
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Extremely useful info specially the last part I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this certain info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
안전놀이터
Azərbaycanda bukmeker kontorlarının https://bukmeker-az.com gəlirli idman mərc oyunlarına görə reytinqi. Bukmeker kontorunuzu seçin və bu gün qazanmağa başlayın!
It’s best to take part in a contest for probably the greatest blogs on the web. I will suggest this site! ARRAY
This is one awesome blog.Really thank you! Entrümpelung Berlin
Outlook.com offers a range of customization options to help users tailor their experience to their needs. Users can change the theme of their inbox to make it more visually appealing or easier to navigate. They can also organize their inbox by creating folders and using filters to sort incoming messages.
outlook.com