1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! money lender singapore
Very Good Health and wellness.
AND WE ARE PROVIDING AWS ONLINE JOB SUPPORT INDIA
Casino online Nigoal78
Easy to have fun to play Casino online We have baccarat, football betting, slots.One stop service and we have working team for 24 hr. to support customer. Guaranteed by customer all over Thailand.At Nigoal78.
Respect to website author , some good selective information . should cats eat peanut butter
Mainkan game online kesukaanmu hanya di xgame.id
ambbet ปากทางเข้า สมัครสมาชิกเข้าเล่น เว็บสล็อตแตกง่ายที่สุด 2022 ที่น่าสนใจ และก็มีการเปิดให้บริการแก่นักพนันทุกๆท่าน ถึงแม้ท่านกำลังหา ‘เว็บสล็อต’ ว่าจะเล่นเว็บไหนดี? โดยในวันนี้เราขอชี้แนะ ambbet ทางเข้า เว็บสล็อตแตกง่ายที่สุด 2022 ของเราที่ได้รับความนิยม แจกโปรโมชั่นมากมาย แล้วก็เปิดให้บริการเกมสล็อตออนไลน์พรั่งพร้อม เยอะมากต้นแบบจากค่ายชั้นนำ ทำให้แต่ละเกมของทาง เว็บสล็อตแตกง่ายที่สุด 2022 มีความน่าดึงดูดใจ เข้าเล่นได้ง่าย ทำเงินได้จริง แล้วหลังจากนั้นก็ทำถอนเงินได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ทันใจ พร้อมนักการพนันสามารถเข้ามาร่วมเล่นได้ทุกหนแห่ง ตลอดระยะเวลาตลอด 1 วัน
ในขณะนี้นั้นนี้การสร้างตัวได้เร็ว สามารถยืนได้ด้วยลำแข้งของตนเองได้นั้นเป็นสิ่งที่น่าาคยินดี โดยเฉพาะในช่วงเวลานี้สังคมไทยเริ่มเป็นสังคมแบบระบบทุนนิยม เหล่าวัยรุ่น วัยทำงาน เริ่มหันมาให้ของแบรนด์เนมกันเพิ่มมากขึ้น ก็เลยขาดไม่ได้ที่จะต้องหารายได้เสริม หรือลงทุนอะไรสักอย่างที่สามารถทำเงินได้เร็ว ใช้เวลาไม่นาน ก็เลยเป็นอีกหนึ่งจังหวะที่ถูกใจถูกเลือกให้เป็นแหล่งลงทุน เพราะเหตุว่าเป็นเว็บไซต์ลงพนันออนไลน์ที่สามารถทำเงินได้จริงายใน 30 นาที ก็สามารถทำเงินได้มากกว่าทุนสูงถึง 50 เท่า ดังนั้น หากแม้คุณกำลังเป็นคนที่ปรารถนาหารายได้เสริม ทำเงินจากการลงทุน มาดูกันเลยว่า เว็บไซต์ของเรานี้เป็นการลงทุนแบบใด แล้วสามารถทำเงินได้อย่างไร
I visited the travelling topic website and enjoyed reading it, I suggest you to visit the travelling topic website.
travellingtopic.com
I take advantage of him or her primarily high-quality stuff: you can understand they while in: SEO service
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… เล่นสล็อตPG
Edge in general essential wonderful goods — you can fully understand some of those food items on: SEO service
A person who experiences night terrors may nigoal not actually wake up.
สล็อตออนไลน์ สล็อต pg เว็บไซต์ตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ฝากถอน ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… คาสิโนออนไลน์ แจกเครดิตฟรี 2020
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… ufabet autobet
Will be able to exceptionally well bring in through the identical matters! Permitted to allow outlined in this article it is easy to learn about it will glimpse. SEO service
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… vegus666
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… edmbet88
The Best Gaming Laptop Under 700 strikes a balance between affordability and performance. It features a reliable processor, dedicated graphics card, and ample storage, making it perfect for gamers who want a reliable laptop that can handle most games without breaking the bank.
Interesting topic for a blog. I have been searching the Internet for fun and came upon your website. Fabulous post. Thanks a ton for sharing your knowledge! It is great to see that some people still put in an effort into managing their websites. I’ll be sure to check back again real soon. donate online
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. 토토사이트
Welcome to BriansClub – Briansclub Real Domain 2023 – BriansClub Login – Dumps and CC Shop 2023 – Briansclub CC Shop – BriansClub Dumps – Briansclub Review. Brainsclub
Great post, you have pointed out some great points, I besides believe this is a very wonderful website. vn88 mobile
Really I enjoy your site with effective and useful information. It is included very nice post with a lot of our resources.thanks for share. i enjoy this post. Home health care
Excellent and very exciting site. Love to watch. Keep Rocking. w88 rezence
I loved your post.Really thank you! Really Cool. aston 138
คาสิโน เว็บตรงออนไลน์ที่น่าลงทุนมากที่สุดในปัจจุบัน เหมาะกับการเริ่มต้นเล่นเกมการพนันมากที่สุดสำหรับมือใหม่ ด้วยระบบฝาก – ถอนอัตโนมัติไม่มีขั้นต่ำ ปลอดภัยและน่าลงทุน ทำให้ตอนนี้ขึ้นแท่นเป็นเว็บออนไลน์อันดับต้นๆ ของประเทศไทย รีบสมัครเลยเพื่อสมัครสิทธิพิเศษมากมาย
I’m consistently paying novel cerebrum to the web for storys that can oblige me. There is absolutely a substitute to comprehend about this. I feel you made not a titanic store of salubrious obsessions in Attributes other than. Tie included, shocking business! Cortexi Reviews
Good artcile, but it would be better if in future you can share more about this subject. Keep posting. scrap car removal Coquitlam
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. Home health care
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… ufaball88
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… ufabet7x
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… ufar88
i never know the use of adobe shadow until i saw this post. thank you for this! this is very helpful. ufar88
daftar total138 situs slot online gacor terpercaya , slot total138
GG BOS LINK CMDPLAY NYA GAK NYESAL GW MASUK LINK INI, AWAL MAIN AJA UDAH MULAI KELIHATAN X100 SAMA X250 NYA JATUH BOS..INI LINK KAYAKNYA GAMPANG BANGET BUAT MAXWIN NYA BURUAN BOSQU DAFTAR AJA LANGSUNG👌MUMPUNG LAGI GACOR NIH LINK
the information on this blog is very helpful, im happy to stop by this blog modalqq
Cool article test toefl online
This is my first time visit to your blog and I am very interested in the articles that you serve. Provide enough knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful and don’t forget, keep sharing useful info: คาสิโน มาเก๊า
I havent any word to appreciate this post…..Really i am impressed from this post….the person who create this post it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. w88 rezence
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… แทงบอลไทยลีก
Great survey, I’m sure you’re getting a great response. Study Abroad Consultants Calicut
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! Study Abroad Consultants in Thrissur
I think there are a lot of different opinions about the topic you wrote and the opinion I drew. I’d love to see your new posts too. Thank you for your article and for allowing me to gain new knowledge. 메이저사이트
Thank you for sharing valuable information. This is a new type of writing that cannot be seen anywhere else. That’s why I favorite your blog. There are many articles on my blog that you might be interested in. 토토사이트
I certainly love this website. Thanks!
I was more than happy to uncover this great site.I was more than happy to uncover this great site.
Dharam Patni
สล็อตแตกง่าย เล่นเกมออนไลน์ทำเงิน เล่นเกมแล้วได้เงิน เล่นง่าย ได้เงินไว ฝาก ถอน ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ รวดเร็ว ทันใจ ใช้เวลาไม่นานก็ได้เงินไปใช้แล้ว เปิดให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง
Never thought that would be great.mega game
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. Woking Airport Taxi
What a wonderful thing.slot
Thanks for the great article.สล็อต เครดิตฟรี