1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
What a nice information, great article.
토토사이트랭크
Industri game di Indonesia terus berkembang pesat dengan munculnya banyak game lokal yang mampu menarik perhatian publik. Salah satu game terbaru yang menjadi berita game indonesia adalah “Temtemtem,” sebuah game petualangan seru yang dikembangkan oleh developer lokal, Eka Supertramp Studio.
POPULAR SERIES, GOOD MOVIE
The Hypnosis
On this page you will find movie recommendation articles. Whether it’s a Thai movie ดูหนังออนไลน์ alita
majortotosite
This is a very good post which I really enjoy reading. https://koyie.xyz
It is great to see that some people still put in an effort into managing their websites. https://baccaratsite.one
Please share more information and I will bookmark to my blog. https://baccaratsite.org
Thanks for posting this educative writeup. I do appreciate your efforts. https://baccaratsite.xyz
I read it and I’m very happy with the post. https://betman.one
majortotosite
The Lauren Lorraine GiGi flats are perfect for summer! They will take you from the beach to dinner, to shopping in the town, and are perfect for everything from travel to leisure. Snag the Lauren Lorraine Gigi flats in every color to complete your wardrobe this summer
I read your article it contain Lauren Lorraine useful content. Thank for shearing such useful information. I hope it helped a lot of people. if you need more information about relevant topic visit our site
Great blog.Really looking forward to read more. Cool. Hidden wiki link
Thank you for an additional great post. Exactly where else could anybody get that kind of facts in this kind of a ideal way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m around the appear for this kind of data. Kombucha Yeast infection
I think this web site has very superb composed subject material articles . dutabet
An attention-grabbing dialogue is value comment. I’m sure that its better to write on this topic, towards the often be a taboo topic but typically persons are not sufficient to speak on such topics. To another location. Cheers Yamaha outboard motor
Giantara Serpong City
Real Estate Developer in SERPONG
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you? Plz answer back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know where u got this from. thanks see here
Sebagai salah satu situs judi online tentunya anda tidak hanya dimanjakan dengan banyaknya permainan slot online yang mudah diperebutkan dengan RTP tertinggi hingga 97%, namun juga oleh permainan populer lainnya. permainan judi online yang pasti menguntungkan. Di sini Anda dapat menikmati permainan live casino terbaik secara online melalui smartphone Android dan IOS Anda dengan internet saja. Dengan cara ini Anda tidak perlu pergi ke casino luar negeri untuk berjudi, berkat ponsel cerdas Anda, Anda dapat menyalurkan hobi Anda di mana saja dan kapan saja. Berikut adalah 5 permainan casino online terpopuler yang dapat Anda nikmati: janji hoki
Really nice article and helpful me 안전놀이터
MEGA303
adalah salah satu daftar situs judi slot online gacor terbesar 2023,
yang menawarkan game slot gacor hari ini paling berkualitas.
Kami memiliki reputasi yang baik di antara pecinta game slot di seluruh dunia.
Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hadirnya ribuan pemain yang telah menempatkan modalnya
di situs slot online MEGA303.
I would recommend my profile is important to me, I invite you to discuss this topic… مشاهدة مسلسلات
Thank a lot. You have done excellent job. I enjoyed your blog . Nice efforts مشاهدة مسلسلات
nice post..
Visit Us: https://mapaengineering.com/catalogue/
I loved your blog post.Really thank you! Will read on… invisible grill singapore
wow, awesome blog post.Really thank you! Fantastic. sliding invisible grille
MPOCASH ADALAH SITUS RESMI JUDI ONLINE SLOT MAXWIN TERPERCAYA, DAN MEMILIKI PRODUK MPO SLOT TERBARU DENGAN KUALITAS GAME JUDI ONLINE TERBAIK</p
That is the excellent mindset, nonetheless is just not help to make every sence whatsoever preaching about that mather. Virtually any method many thanks in addition to i had endeavor to promote your own article in to delicius nevertheless it is apparently a dilemma using your information sites can you please recheck the idea. thanks once more. voyance
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/ultra-cbd-gummies-reviews-300mg-exposed-don-t-buy-until-you-see-this-news-266639
I think for the efforts you have made in writing this article. https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/ultra-cbd-gummies-reviews-300mg-exposed-don-t-buy-until-you-see-this-news-266639
I simply couldn’t go away your website before suggesting that I actually enjoyed the standard information an individual provide on your visitors? Is gonna be back frequently in order to inspect new posts. akun pro myanmar
สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงแตกง่าย อัตราชนะ แตกบ่อยมาก สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงแตกง่าย อีกทั้งโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่แล้วก็แท็บเล็ต ได้มากแจกจริงพร้อมโปรโมชั่นสุดปังSLOT สล็อตออนไลน์สมัครง่ายเว็บไซต์พนันสล็อตออนไลน์สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงpg มีระบบระเบียบออโต้ลงทะเบียนสมัครสมาชิกสล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงสมัครผ่านหน้าเว็บได้ด้วยตัวเองไม่ผ่านแอดไม่น สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงแตกง่าย ไม่มีขั้นต่ํา winbet สมัครได้ทุกเครื่องมือเครื่องใช้ไม่ว่าจะเป็นโทรศัพท์มือถือแท็บเล็ต สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงแตกง่าย pg ปัจจุบัน ได้ทุกระบบอีกทั้งiOS และAndroid พวกเรามีเกมจากทุกค่ายมีทุกเกมไม่น้อยเลยทีเดียวมากมายยให้ท่านได้เลือกมียูสทดสอบให้ทดลองเล่นไม่มีล็อกฝึกหัดก่อนลงสนามจริงสมัครวันนี้แล้วเล่นได้เลยฝาก–ถอนง่ายด้วยระบบออโต้สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรง ไม่มีแบงค์ไม่มีขั้นต่ํา สมัครวันนี้พร้อมโปรโมชั่นอีกเยอะแยะสล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรงแตกง่ายรอคอยให้ทุกคนได้รับแจกจริงไม่กั๊กสมัครเลย มีเกมสล็อตพร้อมให้บริการแล้ววันนี้
This is really very nice post you shared, i like the post, thanks for sharing..مسلسلات رمضان 2023
wow it’s verry cool, Thanks you sir
prediksi macau
Thank you for the good information. I am also operating a website that provides good information. Please visit us later if you have time. evolution
에볼루션바카라
I am very happy to see a good post. I look forward to posting useful information in the future. Thank you very much for your help. evolution
에볼루션카지노
Hello, this is a very nice website. I also run a website. Mobile and PC versions are also operated as the best solution. Golden-evolution is very proud of you.
카지노사이트
Golden Evolution. I’m looking forward to good information. We share websites with each other.
호텔카지노
Very educating story, saved your site for hopes to read more! bull789
This is really a nice and informative, containing all information and also has a great impact on the new technology. Thanks for sharing it, buy insta follow
Thank you for the information. Balon Promosi
Thanks a lot for being our mentor on this niche. I enjoyed your current article very much and most of all cherished how you really handled the aspect I considered to be controversial. You are always quite kind to readers much like me and let me in my everyday living. Thank you. akun pro malaysia
I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. assistenza caldaia bergamo
Setiap harinya ada info pasaran togel hari ini yang bisa anda jadikan acuan dalam memprediksi nomor agar jackpot besar. Namun tidak semua informasi yang di berikan merupakan informasi yang real time. Anda harus tetap bijak dalam mengambil keputusan sebelum memasangkan nomor taruhan anda.. janji hoki
health plans may be expensive but it is really very necessary to get one for yourself- akun pro kamboja
Welcome to Russian Hair Extensions Salon, your most reliable London Hair Extensions Specialist in delivering the most modern, innovative and celebrity hairstyle looks, creating custom-made hair extensions for each client. Our team of skilled, trained and experienced professionals will give you the hair extensions for all hair types and guarantees you a seamless finish as well as the industry’s best quality of hair care and boost your confidence to the next level. London Hair Extensions
Great blog. ข่าวฟุตบอลออนไลน์
I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. Costco Pizza Order Price are Costco FOOD COURT
บันเทิงใจแถมยังได้เงินรางวัลคุ้มๆเว็บไซต์ตรงสล็อตออนไลน์รวมทุกค่าย ม่จำต้องห่วงเรื่องทุนเนื่องจากพวกเราอัปเดตโปรโมชั่นสุดคุ้มให้ได้เลือกรับกันอย่างจุกๆแน่ๆ! ตังที่ท่านไม่เคยมีก็จะมี รวมเว็บ betflix ตังที่ท่านไม่เคยก็ได้ก็จะได้ ไม่มีอวด มีเกมให้เล่ยหลากหลาย