1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Pasti kalian sering mendengar kata yang bernama ‘RTP Live‘ saat sedang memainkan slot, tentu kamu pasti pernah juga dengar bocoran rtp slot gacor terlengkap atau info slot rtp gacor tertinggi terhadap sebuah situs. Namun apakah kamu sudah mengetahui arti dari kata rtp live sendiri? karena menurut survey, sebagian orang masih suka merasa bingung bila ditanya apa arti dari rtp tersebut. Kata RTP slot merupakan singkatan dari kepanjangan kepanjangan yang memilki arti ‘Return To Player’.
amiclear is a revolutionary supplement that supports healthy blood sugar levels, eliminates insomnia, and allows you to enjoy a better quality of sleep.
As I am looking at your writing, majorsite I regret being unable to do outdoor activities due to Corona 19, and I miss my old daily life. If you also miss the daily life of those days, would you please visit my site once? My site is a site where I post about photos and daily life when I was free.
Sebagai salah satu website judi slot online terbesar, SLOTONLINE88bekerjasama dengan provider game slot online ternama dunia yang akan memfasilitasi pemainnya untuk bermain dengan nyaman tanpa perlu cemas. SLOT ONLINE88 ialah provider dan website judi slot online jackpot terbesar yang bisa Anda mainka
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. everyday science mcqs
I have to look for goals with essential information on given point and offer them to instructor our inclination and the article. ceo skysilk parler amazonallynnpr interview
You made a few decent points there. I looked at the net for any difficulty and observed maximum people goes in addition to with all of your website. Red Boost
Ufabet .com singha89
เนื่องจากอินเทอร์เน็ตมีอยู่รอบตัวเรา การสร้างเว็บ Singharich จึงไม่ใช่เรื่องยาก มีสิ่งต่างๆ มากมายบนเว็บ สล็อตเว็บตรงแตกง่าย แล้วทำไมต้องเลือกอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งหรือสองอย่าง เว็บพนันออนไลน์อันดับ1 https://5m.live/.com/
Indore Call Girls
provide and soft and gentle video call.
Indore Call Girls
provide an easy video call.
Enjoyed every bit of your blog article. Much obliged. breaking news
We appreciate you sharing this content with us! It’s great to see how Tesla is helping make our roads safer. Thanks for helping us spread the word!
I am just commenting to let you know of the perfect experience my wife’s princess encountered studying your web site. She picked up numerous details, most notably what it’s like to have an ideal helping character to have many more very easily gain knowledge of selected advanced subject matter. You undoubtedly exceeded our own expectations. Thanks for offering such effective, healthy, explanatory and in addition fun thoughts on this topic to Gloria. power bi tools
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article. slot gacor ewallet
Technology can save you time and money nigoal when trying to grow a successful small business.
It is helpful and important information for us and everyone to increase knowledge.
Mahindra Jeeto
I am very much obliged to you for sharing this necessary knowledge. This information is very helpful for everyone.
Mahindra Supro
Nice blog, you have provided is excellent and essential for everyone. Please always keep sharing this kind of information. Thank you
Mahindra Jayo
There are definitely a whole lot of details like that to take into consideration. That could be a nice level to deliver up. I supply the thoughts above as normal inspiration however clearly there are questions just like the one you bring up the place crucial thing shall be working in honest good faith. I don?t know if greatest practices have emerged around issues like that, but I’m sure that your job is clearly recognized as a good game. Each girls and boys really feel the affect of just a moment’s pleasure, for the rest of their lives. ww.friv.digital/no-internet-games
Needed to compose you a tiny note to finally thank you very much yet again for your personal splendid methods you have discussed above. It is strangely open-handed with people like you to provide publicly all that a number of people would have marketed as an electronic book to generate some bucks for their own end, primarily now that you could possibly have tried it if you ever wanted. These inspiring ideas likewise acted like a fantastic way to know that the rest have the same dreams really like my personal own to see a whole lot more concerning this problem. I’m sure there are thousands of more enjoyable times in the future for many who check out your blog. เว็บไทเกอร์
Permit relocating companies to pack your major goods like furniture, bed cots, refrigerator, computers, televisions, and so forth. Goods like fridge, computers, televisions, VCD players and many others will need to be packed in their original circumstance. Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Bangalore
Numerous people, particularly if you have a noteworthy home, or even numerous things to move, could contribute a few weeks or even months the need to acquire things equipped just before exchanging. Packers and Movers Bangalore to Chandigarh
Deliverance Ministry: If you don’t get some healing of Past Trauma or all Demons out then know that Deliverance is a Process ! Inner Healing is a Crucial Part of being free. Video Call your way to break the chains of bondage. Meet with Randy Face to Face over Skype ,Zoom, Google Meet. After you have Secured a Virtual encounter you will be emailed a Spiritual Survey. You can be Anywhere in the world. christian deliverance ministry
What a fantabulous post this has been. never seen this kind of beneficial submit. i’m thankful to you and expect greater range of posts like these. thank you very a lot. apptopia-twitter-twitterkantrowitz-bigtechnology
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… best credit card uae 2023
<a href="https://www.yummytiffincenter.com/"Best tiffin center in jaipur near me deliver Special food for you. In Sunday special We make some special and much tasty food Kheer, Puri, Dal bati, Sweets, chole bhature, idli, Dosa, Paneer, Veg Biryani, Dhokla, Gaajar halwa etc.
best tiffin center in jaipur near me deliver Special food for you. In Sunday special We make some special and much tasty food Kheer, Puri, Dal bati, Sweets, chole bhature, idli, Dosa, Paneer, Veg Biryani, Dhokla, Gaajar halwa etc.
Thank you for your guidance and support. SLOT WALLET
A must read post! Good way of describing and pleasure piece of writing. Thanks!
Best E-Commerce Photography In Jaipur
Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it expand over time. doberman pit mix puppy
LIGA788 yakni salah satu situs judi slot online gacor terlengkap yang menyediakan bermacam jenis cara deposit, umpamanya ialah judi slot deposit melalui dana. Dengan rtp live terbaik di indonesia dengan berjenis-jenis macam permainan ternama dan bonus melimpah disetiap harinya. Banyak para anggota loyal LIGA788 menerima maxwin di bet receh ataupun di bet tinggi. Kenapa dapat demikian itu? karna kedai 69 senantiasa memberikan pelayanan dan winrate tertinggi terhadap setiap anggota yang bergabung di website slot online gacor terpercaya ini. Tidak cuma itu saja, LIGA788 juga mempunyai pelayanan terbaik dengan customer service 24jam. Tujuan supaya pemain judi slot online mendapakan rasa aman dan nyaman dikala bermain.
Kalian tak perlu takut atau kuatir ketika menerima jackpot terbesar, karna LIGA788 akan membayar berapapun kemenangan para membernya. Dengan isu terkini yang sedang berjalan ini penting bagi para anggota menyediakan Live RTP untuk para anggota yang berharap bermain. LIGA788 menyediakan Live RTP seketika digame web legal untuk membernya supaya menghindari rungkat. RTP slot online bukanlah petunjuk slot online sedang gacor, melainnya pecahan yang dikasih akan jauh lebih kerap kali di banding dengan RTP merah yang kalian hindari.
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article… personal loan in uae for expats
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. apply for personal loan in uae
I just really know about this information, in the past I just didnt notice, after a read this, now i have knowledge about how to do after this QQMEGA368 I hope this is worth it!
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. best credit cards 2023
Dengan bocoran situs slot gacor hari ini terupdate MPO365, dapat membikin anda menjadi milyader gampang di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, situs terbaik akan memberikan sebagian bocoran slot gacor terupdate dari website sah yang telah diandalkan semenjak lama oleh seluruh kalangan pemamin slot sah. Seandainya kalian berharap menikmati sensasi bermain slot terkini tanpa kuatir Rungkat di sini kalian akan berkesempatan besar meraih kemenangan besar sampai maxwin? Gabunglah menjadi anggota PANJITOGEL kini juga dan nikmati koleksi slot terupdate dengan RTP tinggi yang telah di sediakan oleh situs brand PANJITOGEL. Tak cuma itu, situs ini juga menyediakan semacam berita terkini mengenai slot gacor, mulai dari live RTP, review game, sampai bocoran web slot gacor mudah jackpot. Jangan lewatkan peluang Anda untuk meraih profit besar dengan bermain di tautan slot gacor https://store.udlap.mx/!
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. Bape Hoodie
Dengan bocoran web slot gacor hari ini terupdate PANJITOGEL, dapat membikin anda menjadi milyader gampang di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, web terbaik akan memberikan sebagian bocoran slot gacor terkini dari website legal yang telah diandalkan semenjak lama oleh segala kalangan pemamin slot sah. Kalau kalian berharap menikmati sensasi bermain slot terkini tanpa kuatir Rungkat di sini kalian akan berkesempatan besar meraih kemenangan besar sampai maxwin? Gabunglah menjadi anggota PANJITOGEL kini juga dan nikmati koleksi slot terupdate dengan RTP tinggi yang telah di sediakan oleh situs brand PANJITOGEL. Tak cuma itu, situs ini juga menyediakan pelbagai berita terkini mengenai slot gacor, mulai dari live RTP, review game, sampai bocoran website slot gacor mudah jackpot. Jangan lewatkan peluang Anda untuk meraih profit besar dengan bermain di tautan slot gacor MPO365!
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back in the future. All the best 토토사이트
Play more than 1000 free online games, including arcade games, racing games, html, addicting games and much more, we add new free games daily!
Gamegab
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. inmobiliaria
This was a truly awesome challenge and ideally I can go to the following one. It was alot of fun and I truly had a ball.. 市川 ゴルフ練習場
I loved your post. Much obliged. 먹튀제보
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! local Costco Food Court
sfs
Play more than 1000 free online games, including arcade games, racing games, html, addicting games and much more, we add new free games daily!
Gamegab
CertsQuestions gives the most excellent and Substantial 1Z0-083 PDF Dumps with affirmed questions & answers for Exam Dumps affirmations.
Make the most of mainly premium substances – you will find him or her for: 먹튀검증
This content is simply exciting and creative. I have been deciding on a institutional move and this has helped me with one aspect. apptopia-twitter-twitterkantrowitz-bigtechnology
Thank you very much for this useful article. I like it. local Costco Food Court
dg
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. best credit cards 2023