1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
https://www.instagram.com/eduardoportelaterapias/
Know Some Basic wm casino Strategy
Betting in wm55 is one of the hardest parts to figure out. How much to bet? When to call or raise? When to check or make a bet? If you think you have a winning hand, you would want to bet just enough to keep as many people in the game as possible. However, if you bet too high, everyone folds, and you lose the chance to win as much as you wanted to. So, having a basic poker strategy is a must. It helps you find the balance between betting too low and betting too high.
I have recently started a blog, the info you provide on this site has helped me greatly. Thanks for all of your time & work. togel
Start by Playing a Single wm55
One of the many benefits of wm casino tournaments online is the ability to play more than one table at a time; do not get tempted to jump right into multi-tabling. Learn to win consistently at one table, then, once you feel confident manoeuvring a single table, you can begin adding one table at a time according to your comfort level.
Whoa! This blog looks just like my old one! It’s on a totally different subject but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Outstanding choice of colors! apple airpods 2 black
Famous stylists and fashion connoisseurs vouch for the importance of having a stunning goose down jacket in every man’s and woman’s wardrobe. It is without a doubt one of the most iconic pieces, with many considering it to be the standard leather jacket.
This article saved me a lot of time with research. Very well thought out. Now if only I get an A. If I do next one is on me! https://bestdivorcelawyerindelhi.com/
You have plenty on your plate as a company owner already. You must be able to concentrate on your job in order to continue to be successful and keep your business in the best possible shape. By handling your business lawsuit, our Arizona litigation attorneys will alleviate you of the burden associated with the law.
commercial litigation lawyer
You completed a few fine points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will go along with with your blog. bag handbag
I am thankful to you for sharing this plethora of useful information. I found this resource utmost beneficial for me. Thanks a lot for hard work.บาคาร่าออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด
Your article is extremely helpful exceptionally fascinating subject i am looking that sort of post thank for imparting to us keep it up. 918kiss
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. Hammad Khatri
monthly whatsapp package jazz Rs 60
We offer affordable web design services for small businesses! We build it, handle security and hosting, as well as offer maintenance plans!บาคาร่าไม่มีขั้นต่ำ
Very fine write-up. I actually really came across a person’s blog site plus needed so that you can point out this I’ve actually loved browsing a person’s site plus content. Anyhow I’ll often be checking a person’s feast plus I actually hope so that you can examine a person’s site again. West Virginia leather jackets
You have plenty on your plate as a company owner already. You must be able to concentrate on your job in order to continue to be successful and keep your business in the best possible shape. By handling your business lawsuit, our Arizona litigation attorneys will alleviate you of the burden associated with the law.
commercial litigation lawyer </a
We offer affordable web design services for small businesses! We build it, handle security and hosting, as well as offer maintenance plans!บาคาร่าไม่มีขั้นต่ำ
Great things you’ve always shared with us. Just keep writing this kind of posts.The time which was wasted in traveling for tuition now it can be used for studies.Thanks Paws and claws
Quickly this particular web address may irrefutably wind up renowned between each and every composing lots of people, due to persistent content articles as well as evaluations as well as rankings. Turmeric is good for
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also K1 : زيادة متابعين انستقرام
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also ซื้อหวยออนไลน์
สำหรับ เกมส ป้าน้อยถอนหายใจด้วยความกังวลรีบบอกให้ทั้งสองคนต้องกลับไปไหว้ขอขมาเขาที่บ้านหลังนั้น 100 000 เขากลับมีสีหน้าที่ดูหนักใจอย่างเห็นได้ชัด เป็นเว็บตรง 24 แต่ผมคิดว่าผมคงจะโกหกน้องพีไม่ได้อีกต่อไปแล้ว ส่วนเด็กน้อยนั้นผมขอลุงขวัญนำมาถือไว้ครู่หนึ่ง บาทต่อหน่วย กว่าจะวัยเกษียณ วัน ออนไลน์ ที่ขึ้นชื่อเรื่อง มี ๆ บา ขายมอเตอร์ไซค์ 168 ๆ ผีกระสือของจริงเป็นแค่ดวงไฟลอยไปมาเท่านั้นครับ บินไปฟิลิปปินส์นเดียวก็ทุบช่วยทีมได้ละนะส่วนสาวอายุน้อยซ้อมกับทีมตลอด ผู้ใช้บริการกับเรา บวกกับเรื่องที่ลุงเล่าเอาไว้ ที่จะช่วยเพิ่มอัตราในการทำกำไรให้กับคุณ https://sa-game1268.com
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part I care for such info a lot. I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. Thank you and good luck. slot online
google ads UAE
We will help you set up Google Search Ads in less than 10 minutes. Run them like they were the biggest brands in the business. Showing your website on the first page of Google for the lowest price in UAE
So, if you want a professional team to run your Google AdWords campaign, you can use UAE WEB DESIGN is a digital marketing agency, and we make sure that your ads get the most out of your money.
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also K1 : شراء متابعين انستقرام
jazz 1000 minutes package 30 days
에볼루션 알판매Do you want a pick? I’ll give you various know-how.
jazz whatsapp package monthly 70 rupees
Chelsea close to signing Atletico’s Felix. วิเคราะห์บอลลีก
Hello there, I discovered your web site via Google while searching for a related topic, your web site came up, it appears good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. 먹튀검증커뮤니티
A 100% crispy chicken patty topped with cheese, crispy onion, fiery sauce, lettuce and tomato. Served in a corn dusted bun. Food delivery Menu in Karachi
Gaming pc’s aren’t as difficult as you may perhaps think, and creating your very own gaming pc is not as tricky as a whole lot of folks would make you consider. Because you by now have a distinct software in head when constructing your individual gaming machine, there are actually only three main elements you have to have to worry about, and every little thing else is truly secondary: the processor, video clip card, and RAM. 먹튀
I would like to thnkx for the efforts you have put in writing this blog. I am hoping the same high-grade website post from you in the upcoming also. In fact your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own website now. Actually the blogging is spreading its wings fast. Your write up is a good example of it. 토토 먹튀
thank you for writing this post. i found it interesting and well written. เว็บดูบอล
Awesome article, it was exceptionally helpful! I simply began in this and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Cheers, keep doing awesome! fastdailynews
I invite you to the page where you can read interesting information on similar topics. I have a similar interest this is my page read everything carefully and let me know what you think. Interestingly you write, I will address what you’ll find exciting and interesting things on similar topics. Cool you inscribe, the info is salubrious and further fascinating, I’ll give you a connect to my scene. HONG KONG FAKE ID
Needed to compose you a tiny note to finally thank you very much yet again for your personal splendid methods you have discussed above. It is strangely open-handed with people like you to provide publicly all that a number of people would have marketed as an electronic book to generate some bucks for their own end, primarily now that you could possibly have tried it if you ever wanted. These inspiring ideas likewise acted like a fantastic way to know that the rest have the same dreams really like my personal own to see a whole lot more concerning this problem. I’m sure there are thousands of more enjoyable times in the future for many who check out your blog. bussiness
There are very a lot of details prefer that to consider. This is a wonderful denote start up. I supply the thoughts above as general inspiration but clearly there are actually questions just like the one you raise up in which the most essential factor will probably be doing work in honest excellent faith. I don?t determine if best practices have emerged about such thinggs as that, but Almost certainly that your chosen job is clearly referred to as a good game. Both children glance at the impact of merely a moment’s pleasure, through out their lives. VICTORIA FAKE DRIVERS LICENCE
You do not have to be a top student in history class to write the best papers. If you have problems with history essay writing, we are ready to assist you with this issue. Buy history research papers from us and enjoy a superior essay https://exclusive-paper.com/buy-history-research-papers.php
Lots of people use Oppo mobiles, but they don’t know whether Oppo is a Chinese Company or Indian. Here we will let you know Oppo Company Belongs to Which Country. Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunication Corp Ltd, also known as OPPO is a Chinese electronics and mobile communication company which is based on Chinese electronics is a Chinese company. In the year 2016, it was the top smartphone in China and the eighth largest in the world. Oppo mobile India private limited is a NOP in India
Check out moreOppo Company Belongs to Which Country
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much. compresserjpeg.com
We are a web agency in Uppsala and Stockholm that helps companies realize their digital ideas. We offer services such as web development, digital marketing and SEO.
https://nmweb.se/
Thanks for a very interesting blog. What else may I get that kind of info written in such a perfect approach? I’ve a undertaking that I am simply now operating on, and I have been at the look out for such info. turquli serialebi
What are Kamagra Pills >> In spite of the relatively little research on Kamagra, sildenafil is extremely effective in treating ED. As with most other ED medications, Sildenafil relaxes the muscles supplying blood to your penis_, making it easier to erect. Sildenafil is based on this science. Numerous studies and large-scale reviews have shown that sildenafil is one of the most effective treatments for erectile dysfunction.
SevenMentor | Best institute for UI UX Design Classes in Pune. The complete course covers all aspects of UI and UX design systems. Start learning today! Web Development Training in Pune at Seven Mentor provides a course for web designers which is the Best UI UX Design Training in Pune. The provider has the course divided into two modules (UI and UX). UI module has HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Web development means creating a web application and hosting it on the internet.
kyallgodschildren เว็บพนันกีฬาออนไลน์และคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด บาคาร่า แทงบอล คาสิโนออนไลน์ สมัครวันนี้ ฝาก-ถอน ด้วยระบบอัตโนมัติ ทำรายการเพียง 10 วินาที เว็บไซต์ที่มั่นคง และให้บริการอย่างจริงใจ เปิดให้บริการมาแล้วมากกว่า 5 ปี
Online slot gambling sites in Indonesia are very easy to find because there are now many official sites that work with big companies slot88 2023
Ice Health Cryotherapy provides Cryotherapy services, we offer Slimming, Cellulite, Injury, Facials, Detox, Lymphatic drainage, Skin tightening, Bum lift, breast uplift, male chest reduction.
Reduced inflammation London
Itech Versatile is expert in offering an express fix administration for cell phones and tablets alongside many portable extras and restored gadgets. Itech Mobile
Thanks for sharing beautiful content. I got information from your blog. keep sharing.
เดิมพันบาคาร่าออนไลน์