1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Wow, What a Excellent post. I really found this to much informatics. It is what i was searching for.I would like to suggest you that please keep sharing such type of info.Thanks download video terbaru
Wow, this is really interesting reading. I am glad I found this and got to read it. Great job on this content. I like it. best laptop accessories uk
I think I have never seen such blogs ever before that has complete things with all details which I want. So kindly update this ever for us. رقم محامي للاستشاره مجانا بالدمام
Thanks a lot for sharing us about this update. Hope you will not get tired on making posts as informative as this. 英文補習
Great content material and great layout. Your website deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting. pc components list in uk
Many homework on the continual hunt along with offstage on the road to winning. Definitely not attached, simple to-fall as a result of wayside; And not investigation, afterward into a path travel toward the black. my wife yells at me
This movie puts the audience in such a lighthearted state that when it’s time to wrap up the story, some feeling of letdown sets in. small rifle primer
Aw, this was a really nice post. In thought I would like to place in writing in this way moreover – taking time and actual effort to create a very good article… but what / things I say… I procrastinate alot and also no indicates apparently get something done. 威而鋼哪裡買
Many thanks for creating so good blog! i have book marked it and will be back! Electric Pickup Trucks
You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. outcall massage
It is the best portal to pay bills online within minutes without any complications. It avails maximum possible flexibility to users to complete their tasks in real quick time. Apart from bill payments it also avails most popular and reputed brands products to customers in affordable prices. PayTM came into existence in 2010. home massage
I needed to thank you for this incredible read!! I unquestionably adored each and every piece of it. I have you bookmarked your site to look at the new stuff you post. 銅鑼灣 massage
먹튀검증 This is very informative. Thank you very much.
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article. โปรโมชั่นสล็อต ล่าสุด 2022
I was very impressed by this post, this site has always been pleasant news Thank you very much for such an interesting post, and I meet them more often then I visited this site. μόνωση ταράτσας hyperdesmo
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. entrepreneur technology
Awesome blog. I enjoyed reading your articles. This is truly a great read for me. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles. Keep up the good work! buy lsd online
Thanks for sharing this wonderful content. its very interesting. Many blogs I see these days do not really provide anything that attracts others but the way you have clearly explained everything it’s really fantastic. There are lots of posts But your way of Writing is so Good & Knowledgeable. keep posting such useful information and have a look at my site as wellบาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Since 2005, high ticket digital marketing has been my world. Consulting for hundreds of successful businesses and creating thousands of the best marketing campaigns.
With a passionate curiosity, my business has grown from doing freelance digital marketing as a digital marketing consultant, into a digital marketing agency with a staff of the brightest and savviest professionals that hold a complete dedication to your success.
Nice information, valuable and excellent design, as share good stuff with good ideas and concepts, lots of great information and inspiration, both of which I need, thanks to offer such a helpful information here.บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Nice information, valuable and excellent design, as share good stuff with good ideas and concepts, lots of great information and inspiration, both of which I need, thanks to offer such a helpful information here.บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
An interesting discussion is worth comment. I do think that you need to write on this topic, it might be a taboo subject but usually people are insufficient to speak on such topics. To another. Cheers 123movies.la
According to the California Equal Pay Act, no employee may be paid less for substantially identical work than employees of a different sex, race, or ethnicity.
According to California law, no employee may be paid less than those of workers of the opposite sex, of a different race or ethnicity, for essentially identical work performed under comparable working circumstances and requiring a combination of talent, effort, and responsibility.
equal pay claims employment lawyers
https://fairchildemploymentlaw.com/service/equal-pay-claims-employment-law-attorney-san-diego
I appreciate you taking the time to talk about them with people.
Workshop Manuals
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed!Very helpful information specifically the last part Icare for such info a lot. I was looking for this certain info for a long time.Thank you and good luck. เค้าไพ่บาคาร่า
Inspector Montalbano is a fictional character and the main protagonist in a series of detective novels and television programs created by Italian author Andrea Camilleri. The books and TV series follow Montalbano, a police inspector in the fictional Sicilian town of Vigàta, as he investigates crimes and navigates the complexities of life and love. The series is known for its engaging characters, intricate plotlines, and authentic portrayal of Sicilian culture and traditions. The character of Inspector Montalbano has been portrayed by actor Luca Zingaretti in the television adaptations, which have aired on Italian television and been dubbed or subtitled for international audiences. The series has been widely popular in Italy and has gained a devoted following internationally.
More information about >> https://www.inspectormontalbanosicily.com/
Rate this post รีวิวเกมสล็อต Joker King สล็อต มาในธีมเกมโรงละครเวทีสำหรับตัวตลก Joker ที่เป็นผู้นำการโชว์การแสดง โดยมีการตกแต่งภาพพื้นหลังเป็นสีม่วงและมีแสงไฟจากสปอตไลท์สาดส่องไปจนทั่วทั้งเวที และยังมีสัญลักษณ์การจ่ายเงินรางวัลต่าง ๆ เป็นรูปแบบสัญลักษณ์ของเกมสล็อตสุดคลาสสิคอย่าง ผลไม้ ดาว เลข 7 นำโชค และสัญลักษณ์ BAR พร้อมด้วยรูปแบบการจ่ายเงินรางวัลสุดพิเศษที่น่าสนใจรีวิว เกม Joker King สล็อต หรือ โจ๊กเกอร์คิงส์ สมัครสมาชิก สารบัญ Joker King สล็อต คืออะไร? คุณสมบัติการเล่นต่าง ๆ ภายในเกม Joker King สล็อต การจ่ายเงิน & สัญลักษณ์ต่างๆ Joker King สล็อต คุณสมบัติ Joker King สล็อต สรุป Joker King สล็อต คืออะไร?
I am interested in such topics so I will address page where it is cool described. seo
5/5 – (1 vote) รีวิวเกมสล็อต Wild Beach Partyสล็อต จากค่าย Pragmatic Play บนเว็บน้องใหม่มาแรง ที่รวบรวมเกมสล็อตจากทุกค่ายเกม ถึงแม้เว็บจะเปิดตัวมาได้เพียงไม่นาน แต่ได้รับความไว้วางใจจากเหล่านักเล่นเกมสล็อตทั่วทั้งประเทศไทยว่าเป็นเว็บที่ดีที่สุด มาในธีมผลไม้สุดแปลกและเปลือกหอยมุกพร้อมไข่มุก ฟังเสียงคลื่นซัดสาดมาแต่ไกล และเพลิดเพลินกับเครื่องดื่มเย็นๆ พร้อมกับสาวสวยที่จะทำให้คุณตื่นตาตื่นใจ ภายในเกมออกแบบได้เป็นอย่างดี ภาพและกราฟิกที่สวยงาม เพลงประปอบฟังแล้วได้อารมณ์สบายๆ และน่าตื่นเต้นไปพร้อมๆกัน ฟีเจอร์ภายในเกมก็มีให้ลุ้นได้อย่างสนุกสนาน อัตราการจ่ายเงินรางวัลก็สูง RTP 96.53% รางวัลตัวคูณสูงสุด 5000x ของเดิมพัน Wild Beach Party สล็อต ทางเข้าสู่ระบบ สารบัญ รีวิวเกม Wild Beach Party สล็อต คืออะไร.? การชนะรางวัลเกมสล็อต Wild Beach Party สล็อต ทดลองเล่นสล็อต Wild Beach Party สล็อต Wild Beach
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. perfect ten showflat
exipure
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently.먹튀검증업체
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. Click Here
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon! perfect ten showflat
Delhi escort service
Are you guys seeking for young, gorgeous female companions in the capital region, Delhi? We asked this because we are eligible for conducting high-profile and beautiful Delhi Escorts Girls for your enjoyment. If you have been alone for a long time, so your time has started. We are here to introduce the most essential services in Delhi to you. Yes, we are discussing over escort services in Delhi, which has an empire of the cutest girls of the town.
Delhi escort service
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too taking time and real hard work to make a great article but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though.Amazon Connect Pricing
At this point you’ll find out what is important, it all gives a url to the appealing page: 링크찾기
Pump Well Company(PWC) is Authorized sole distributors of Pakistan Engineering Company Limited(PECO)and is owned by Chinioti Sheikh family. Sheikh family is distributor of PECO since 1970 and become its Sole Distributors in 2009.
https://pumpwellco.com/dewatering-non-clogging-pump/
Interesting and awesome how your set up is! It Is helpful and beneficial for me Which i like it a great deal, And that i’m looking forward to Listening to from your subsequent..สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Valuable web site, in which did u imagine the information on this putting up?I have analyze a few of the content articles on your own internet web site now, and I actually like your kind. Thanks one million and it is best to maintain the economical get the job carried out.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
exipure
HOT GAME HIT GAME
SLIME RANCHER 2
Really insightful write-up! There exists a whole lot of data right here that will help any small business begin with A prosperous social networking campaign.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
It’s really great. Thank you for providing a quality article. There is something you might be interested in. Do you know majorsite ? If you have more questions, please come to my site and check it out!
e
Tôi muốn nói lời cảm ơn vì đã chia sẻ blog với chúng tôi. Blog của bạn thực sự tuyệt vời tài liệu để cập nhật kiến thức của tôi 안전카지노사이트
When I read an article on this topic, baccaratcommunity the first thought was profound and difficult, and I wondered if others could understand.. My site has a discussion board for articles and photos similar to this topic. Could you please visit me when you have time to discuss this topic?
I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Amazon Connect Pricing
Amyl Guard
Amyl Guard
There are some interesting cut-off dates on this article but I don’t know if I see all of them heart to heart. There may be some validity however I will take maintain opinion till I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we would like extra! Added to FeedBurner as properly 전북일정