1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
All your hard work is much appreciated. Nobody can stop to admire you. Lots of appreciation.
Treasure Hunt
Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive!
Treasure Hunt for kids
TRT spor izlemek için yapmanız gereken tek bir şey var o da internetinizin olmasıdır. Cep telefonunuzdan ya da masa üstü bilgisayarınızdan açtığınız canlı yayın sayesinde nerede olursanız olun görüntülere ulaşabiliyorsunuz. Cep telefonunuzdan açtığınız yayın sayesinde keyifli zaman geçirebiliyorsunuz. Örneğin iş yerinizde öğle arasında akşam izlemediğiniz maçın yorumlarını takip edebiliyorsunuz. İnternetin hayatımızda önemli bir yere sahip olmuş olması sadece futbol değil diğer spor dallarının da birçok izleyicinin takibini sağlıyor. Sonuç olarak sevdiğimiz bir alanı takip etmek bizi eğlendirirken günlük yaşamdan da uzak kalmanızı sağlayacaktır.
Site : https://www.canlitvizlemeli.com/trt-spor-canli-izle/
Visit the best online betting site community! 토토사이트
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is a really well
written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful information. Thanks for the post.
I love looking through an article that can make men and women think.
소액결제현금화
Dramacool | Asian Drama, Movies and K Shows English Subbed
✅Excellent information providing by your Article thank you for taking the time to share with us such a nice article.
kaszinó online
✅I prefer merely excellent resources and you can see these in
https://sites.google.com/view/etcher/
Everything has its own value, but this is really precious information✅ shared by Author of
norske casinoer
This Post is providing valuable and unique information✅ I know that you take a time and effort to make a awesome article
Casino på nett
Wow, What an Outstanding post✅. I found this too much informatics. It is what I was seeking for
casino bonus
I am jovial you take pride in what you write. It makes you stand way out from many other writers that can not push high-quality content like you Rent a car Novi Sad
He is an excellent business consultant who understands business from the perspective of the owner/manager. 80g Registration
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. Rajasthan Police Constable Result 2021
I appreciate, cause I found exactly what I was looking for. You’ve done an excellent job. I will learn a lot of new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next! Please visit my web site soundskinsglobal.com. Best reduce road noise service provider.
CyberSec Knights is a top cyber security consulting companies in delhi ncr. We help organizations build their cyber security strategy, roadmap & tactical plans
http://cybersecknights.com/vciso.php
Many businesses would kill for someone with him business experience that he has built up through him beauty, fashion, retail and now consulting businesses. Section 80g
Apakah anda membutuhkan pompa pabrik kelapa sawit? kami adalah distributor resmi yang menyediakan pompa pabrik kelapa sawit, pompa centrifugal, gear pump dan steam valves serta screw compressor. Hubungi kami segera
https://www.victorindogroup.com
This is a great post. I like this topic.This site has lots of advantage.I found many interesting things from this site. It helps me in many ways.Thanks for posting this again. Canova Hall Brixton
Definitely a fantastic publish✅. The information you have provided is actually very worthwhile.
Casino på nett
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project
canadian online casino
Superior post, keep up with this exceptional work✅. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again!
casino bonuser
Thanks You Very Nice Information. Buy Old Gmail Accounts
I know your expertise on this. I must say we should have an online discussion on this. Writing only comments will close the discussion straight away! And will restrict the benefits from this information 먹튀먹튀
really great site, thanks so much for using your experience to bring what is essentially valuable information to us window cleaning Sydney
Really fantastic site, the ambience that you have created here is amazing!
emergency dentist Blackpool
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.먹튀먹튀
The blog and data is excellent and informative as well. 토토사이트
Your work is very good and I appreciate you and hopping for some more informative posts. 토토사이트
Thanks for sharing the post..parents are worlds best person in each lives of individual..they need or must succeed to sustain needs of the family먹튀검증사이트
It is extremely nice to see the greatest details presented in an easy and understanding manner. 토토사이트 추천
I think this is a real great article. Want more.먹튀검증사이트
Personally I think overjoyed I discovered the blogs. 토토사이트 추천
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.보증업체
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post. stfuandplay.com/
This website and I conceive this internet site is really informative ! Keep on putting up! 토토사이트 추천
This is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post. 토토
This website information and data is excellent and informative as well thanks for share hsc result 2020
This is often at the same time a good present that many of us seriously enjoyed browsing. It’s not at all on a daily basis which i provide the likeliness to check something. Karachi Escorts
I love the way you write and share your niche! Very interesting and different! Keep it coming! buy targeted traffic
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. buy targeted traffic
Wow, What a Excellent post. I really found this to much informatics. It is what i was searching for.I would like to suggest you that please keep sharing such type of info.Thanks Visit here
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! Visit here
This particular papers fabulous, and My spouse and i enjoy each of the perform that you have placed into this. I’m sure that you will be making a really useful place. I has been additionally pleased. Good perform! RRB NTPC Admit Card 2021
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more information? It is extremely helpful for me. แทงบอลออนไลน์
Please continue this great work and I look forward to more of your awesome blog posts먹튀검증
In unserem Poolshop bieten wir Ihnen eine riesige Auswahl an Schwimmbecken und Swimmingpool an. Vom Stahlwandpool über den klassischen Rundpool bis hin zum Holzpool finden Sie Ihren Traumpool bei uns. Egal, ob Sie sich für einen Ovalpool, GFK Pool oder Fertigpool interessieren- gerne unterstützen wir Sie mit unserer langjährigen Erfahrung bei der Auswahl des passenden Swimmingpool. Das Team von Pool.net freut sich über Ihren Anruf unter der Service Hotline +49 (0)6252 / 305 80 45.
Swimmingpool
이 정보 메시지를 공유 할 수있는 훌륭한 기능입니다. 이 블로그에 대한 지식에 깊은 인상을 받았습니다. 여러면에서 도움이됩니다. 다시 게시 해 주셔서 감사합니다. 먹튀사이트
Thanks You Very Nice Information. Buy Trustpilot reviews Cheap