1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
good post. Ne’er knew this, thankyou for letting me know. Buy Moonrock Vape Carts Online
I as well conceive so , perfectly indited post! . Buy Mario Carts Online
I think this is among the most vital info for me. And i’m satisfied studying your article. However should commentary on few normal things, The website taste is ideal, the articles is in reality excellent . Excellent activity, cheers. Buy Mario Carts Online
In this particular article, you will see a summary, satisfy browse this post. 벳삼
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. psychic medium
With so many books and articles coming up to give gateway to make-money-online field and confusing reader even more on the actual way of earning money walmart dropshipping automation service
This is very interesting, but it is necessary to click on this link: no link
Very interesting information, worth recommending. However, I recommend this: no link
Very informative post ! There is a lot of information here that can help any business get started with a successful social networking campaign ! HIRE A CELL-PHONE HACKER
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people. Nombres De Ff
Rekomendasi Salah satu situs slot terpercaya dan terbaik 2022.
It has fully emerged to crown Singapore’s southern shores and undoubtedly placed her on the global map of residential landmarks. I still scored the more points than I ever have in a season for GS. I think you would be hard pressed to find somebody with the same consistency I have had over the years so I am happy with that. entrepreneur entertainment posts
I know this is one of the most meaningful information for me. And I’m animated reading your article. But should remark on some general things, the website style is perfect; the articles are great. Thanks for the ton of tangible and attainable help. gacorslot
you command get bought an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this increase.
Delhi Call Girls
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. thc vape shops
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. Groupe Sanguin
Beaver says I also have such interest, you can read my profile here: 벳삼
This type of message always inspiring and I prefer to read quality content, so happy to find good place to many here in the post, the writing is just great, thanks for the post. Barnes VOR-TX Ammunition 300 Winchester Short Magnum
frases cristã
✅Provavelmente você conhece Irma Maria Lorena uma das anciãs mais respeitadas da Igreja Deus é amor. Uma serva de Deus, mulher de oração. Pregadora do Evangelho de Cristo Jesus, que prega em várias nações. Muito usada na revelação e em curas divinas, assim como o saudoso Missionário Davi Miranda #Shorts
I use basically superior fabrics : you will discover these products by: 벳삼
Bonanza138 menjadi pilihan tebak anda bermain event piala dunia qatar 2022
Terdapat promosi menarik dan lengkap ;
https://ncaa-tournament.si.com/
I just thought it may be an idea to post incase anyone else was having problems researching but I am a little unsure if I am allowed to put names and addresses on here. 벳삼
masih bingung mencari situs live streaming terlengkap ?
Jangan sampai ketinggalan team favorit anda .
https://ncaa-tournament.si.com/
Masih bingung cari link alternatif nonton streaming bola favorit kamu ?
Ini disini aja .
https://ncaa-tournament.si.com/
Your content is nothing short of brilliant in many ways. I think this is engaging and eye-opening material. Thank you so much for caring about your content and your readers. gacorslot
บาคาร่า เว็บบาคาร่า ทางเข้าบาคาร่ามือถือ แทงบาคาร่าเว็บไหนดี เลือกสมัคร เว็บบาคาร่าดีที่สุด บาคาร่าSA บาคาร่าสายฟ้า บาคาร่าออนไลน์.
บาคาร่า
It is quite beneficial, although think about the facts when it reaches this target. 벳삼
Great Article.
Interlude Girls Hostel in Lucknow is redefining student living with its first 1st establishment in the city of Nawabs. Get facilities like high speed internet, laundry, daily housekeeping, private kitchenette, two wheeler parking, in-house departmental store, outdoor space to chill and many more.
reserve residences Reserve Residences is an integrated mixed-use development that is strategically located in the centre of Beauty World Precinct. The upcoming mixed-use development is located at Jalan Anak Bukit, just 6 minutes’ walk away from Beauty World MRT via an integrated underground link, and a 9-minute walk from The Rail Corridor and Rifle Range Nature Park.
บาคาร่า เว็บบาคาร่า ทางเข้าบาคาร่ามือถือ แทงบาคาร่าเว็บไหนดี เลือกสมัคร เว็บบาคาร่าดีที่สุด บาคาร่าSA บาคาร่าสายฟ้า บาคาร่าออนไลน์.
บาคาร่าเว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์
I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
frases cristã
✅Um Pouco Sobre A missionária Maria Lorena
Evangelista Maria Lorena, quem é, qual sua história de vida, o que tem a nos acrescentar? Conheça hoje um pouco sobre a maior missionária do Brasil e das Américas.
Irmã Lorena é uma fervorosa missionária cristã evangélica descendente de alemães, sua família fugiu da Europa durante a ascensão de Hitler na Alemanha nazista e se refugiou em terras curitibanas no Brasil.
Well done! I appreciate your contribution to this matter. It has been insightful. more info
Özyurtlar günlük kiralık evler otelde kalmaktan hem daha ucuz hem de daha konforludur. Otele gittiğinizde giriş ve çıkış saatlerinizin dışında yemek yeme saatlerinizde bellidir. Dolayısıyla siz ilk kez gittiğiniz bir şehirde yada İstanbul gibi büyük metropol bir şehirde bir de ne yesem ne zaman otele gitsem gibi düşüncelere kapılmamanız gerekiyor. İşte Özyurtlar tüm bunları geri planda tutarak müşterilerine hem konforlu, hem kaliteli hem de uygun fiyata konaklama imkanı sağlamış oluyor. Kısacası artık İstanbul’a geldiğinizde kimsem yok demek zorunda kalmamış oluyorsunuz. Gitmeden yapacağınız rezervasyonla yerinizi ayırt edebiliyorsunuz.
Referans : https://www.ozyurtlargunlukkiralik.com/
Thanks for posting this valuable information, really like the way you used to describe. Hope I’ll get such posts in future too.
카지노사이트
I must say that this is a great post. Really I am impressed from this post.
카지노사이트777
I am happy to find this post very useful for me, as it contains lot of information. 카지노사이트가이드
I am thankful for the article post. Looking forward to visit more. 안전토토사이트
Really great article. I’m glad to read the article. It is very informative for us, thanks for posting. https://koyie.xyz
Thank you so much for sharing this blog with us. It provides a collection of useful information. https://baccaratsite.one
Good article! Keep sharing this type of information to expand user knowledge. https://baccaratsite.org
I discovered your blog site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to keep up the very good operate. https://baccaratsite.xyz
I was very pleased to find this web-site. I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read.
https://betman.one
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post. https://bcrasno.link/
I’m impressed, I must say. Really rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and entertaining.
https://happytoyworld.xyz/
salon equipment
At TASALON, we committed ourselves on an online one-stop salon equipment professionals. Providing high-quality hair care tools, salon products, and beauty equipment.
This is a very interesting post. Thank you for posting a lot of interesting posts.
https://richiest.xyz
https://magic.ly/kedaislott Kedaislot situs mesin slot online terbaik di Indonesia, Kedai Slot situs gacor.
Thats great! now enjoy our easy to play and earn. We have many promos and rewards that we give to you.
Fun and excitement are waiting up to you. Check this out
제이나인 카지노 보증 업체
제이나인 먹튀 없는 사이트
제이나인 사설 먹튀 검증
제이나인 검증 카지노
제이나인 마닐라 카지노
https://j9korea.com
From some point on, I am preparing to build my site while browsing various sites. It is now somewhat completed. If you are interested, please come to play with baccaratsite !!