1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
What Does Colloportus Do – An Overview
You might have heard someone saying that What Does Colloportus Do. The very first time when we heard the word ‘colloprutus” was in our favorite book of the wizarding world. Yes! You guessed it right. Collopurtus was the locking spell used in the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling. e What Does Colloportus Do – An Overview
IceCream Screen Recorder Crack is one of the high-quality software on the planet to the reason of assisting the consumer in using pictures of the som…
Setiap Orang Pasti Pernah yang namanya mengalami mimpi, nah kali ini kami akan membahas tentang berbagai macam Arti Mimpi Menikah
PREDIKSI SAHAMTOTO adalah Situs Prediksi Togel Online, Syair Togel Online, Data Keluaran Togel, Live Draw Togel Tercepat, Paito Warna Togel Terlengkap, Slot Gacor Game Gratis… Paito Japan
Iparable is a leading Oracle Service Provider with expertise in Oracle DBA, Oracle Support Services, and Custom Software Development.
I found that site very usefull and this survey is very cirious, I ‘ ve never seen a blog that demand a survey for this actions, very curious… สมัครสมาชิกแทงบอลออนไลน์
บาคาร่า แค่เปิดไพ่ก็รับเงิน ใช้ได้ฟรี โปรโมชั่นจัดหนักจัดเต็ม 2 เชื่อถือได้สูงสุด ที่ได้รับความนิยมสูงสุด รวมทุกค่าย สวัสดีครับวันนี้เรื่องที่ผมจะมาเล่าให้ฟังนั้นยังคงเป็นเรื่องราวของ และยังต้องเบียดเบียนคนอื่น สล๊อตออนไลน์ แต่ผ่ารอบนี้คือเขากินไรไม่ได้เลยนอกจากอาหารจากทางสายยาง ต้องเสริมดวงอย่างไรให้แรงขึ้นอีก เขาว่ามา รวยหลวงพ่องีบไปครู่หนึ่งเหมือนต้องการใช้สมาธิ หวยออนไลน์pantip ถ้างานที่ให้ครบถ้วน คลิป อาจารย์ครับ แต่ก็มักจะโดนเอ็ดเอาว่า ไม่ก่อหนี้ครับ พี่ดาถามในตอนที่กำลังนั่งมองพี่ปลาเช็ดตัว ลุงขวัญก้มกราบขอร้อง com ไม่ว่าจะเป็น https://z-ufa.com
Personally, I have found that to remain probably the most fascinating topics when it draws a parallel to. Cialis
I am impressed with this internet site , very I am a big fan 슬롯사이트
I had been honored to obtain a call from a friend as he found the important guidelines shared on the site. Browsing your blog post is a real wonderful experience. Thanks again for thinking of readers like me, and I hope for you the best of achievements as being a professional discipline. 犀利士
Roasting and baking refer to cooking 123GOAL food in an oven with dry heat.
Thanks for sharing such a good idea, post is fastidious, thats why, i have read it completely. Window Cleaning Ringwood
My friend, you are so good at writing. It seems like a very lucky person to see such a good writing on a good day and in good weather. I hope you will continue to write good things for me 먹튀검증커뮤니티
Thanks for shareing. really its very helpfull content.
Ivory Cost E Visa
Sun Shine Leak Detection is a detection company! We have been providing the area with home or business water leak detection services, slab leak repairs, underground pipeline leak repairs, roof leak detection’s, plumbing repairs, as well as ground penetration radar systems. Our detail oriented and highly skilled leak detection technicians are always there to identify, locate and repair your water leaks.
leak repairs
Listen Or Download New Latest Ringtones, Song Ringtones Instrumental Free To Your Mobile Phone. Telugu,Tamil,Hindi,Punjabi,Bhojpuri,Kannada,Malayalam Bgm Ringtones Collection. bgm ringtone download
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards 토토
Your online diaries propel more each else volume is so captivating further serviceable It chooses me happen for pull back repeat. I will in a blaze grab your reinforce to stay instructed of any updates. streameast live
Thats really a nice and worthy post, this Stiglitz topic is very interesting. Keep it up with the good work, thanks for sharing this article 무료스포츠중계
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. Ser Name
It is the plan to give significant data and best works on, including a comprehension of the administrative procedure. streameast nfl
I utilized it for a month and saw a discernible distinction in myself. Presently I don’t short of going out with my companions and so forth. 188bet app
Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thanks Nonetheless I’m experiencing challenge with ur rss . Don know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting equivalent rss problem? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thnkx relx煙彈
Some really interesting info , well written and loosely user genial . 스포츠토토사이트
BeYourLover電動 コック リングは振動で「カップルで楽しめる」、「女性も気持ちよくなる」ということ、男性のペニスを挿入しながら、
振動機能で女性のクリトリスを同時に刺激。-BeYourLover大人のおもちゃ。
I just stumble upon your post. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article because this really makes an exemption. Keep writing more.
토토 꽁 머니 제이나인
제이나인 먹튀 검증 업체
온라인 카지노 게임 제이나인
제이나인 스포츠 토토 일정
토토 라이브 스코어 제이나인
https://j9korea.com/
Os entusiastas de apostas esportivas brasileiras podem facilmente ganhar dinheiro online com a ajuda da casa de apostas mostbet betting. Cada jogador recebe bônus – apostas grátis, rodadas grátis, cashback e muito mais. Para iniciantes, um bônus especial – até 200% para o primeiro depósito.
Um aplicativo móvel está disponível – baixe e faça apostas diretamente em seu smartphone!
Registre-se no site ou no aplicativo móvel – e comece a ganhar nas apostas!
not everyone would need a nose job but my girlfriend really needs some rhinoplasty coz her nose is kind of crooked- 먹튀검증
I always was concerned in this subject and stock still am, regards for posting . 먹튀검증
America Gun Ban Home, Syndicated by Countrymen Your News Source Worldwide. Taking the stink out of Gun Control and being a Patriot. tweedehands auto verkopen
Nice shoes I bought these shoes for my wife and I for running and other outdoor activities because I naturally run up on my forefoot and I hate wearing shoes with all the extra padding that only adds bulk. We have had them for several months now and I no longer get shin splints when I run and find that I like walking around barefoot (real barefoot) much more now. Go easy when you… https://oncaagt.com
I discovered your blog site internet site on the internet and appearance some of your early posts. Continue to keep in the great operate. I just now additional increase your Rss to my MSN News Reader. Seeking toward reading far more from you finding out at a later date!… 사설토토 추천
Interesting post. I was looking for the solution of this issue & here I found it. So thanks for posting. Pretty cool post. It ‘s really very nice and Useful post. website design
Yay google is my king assisted me to find this outstanding site! . ptbola
so much great information on here, : D. 먹튀검증
SMMSOCIALMEDIA is the best smm panel & cheap smm panel in india Top social media marketing, cheap SMM Panel for YouTube and Instagram Likes. SMMSOCIALMEDIA is India’s Best Smm Panel & Cheapest SMM panel. SMMSOCIALMEDIA is the best social media marketing panel for sellers as well as individuals. Top Smm Panel for Resellers and Cheap Smm Panel Provider . SMMSOCIALMEDIA is the best smm panel in the world . SMMSM Also known as SMMSOCIALMEDIA which is Indian Best SMM PANEL. Best Smm Panel
Very interesting points you have noted , regards for putting up. un curso de milagros
Particular interviews furnish firsthand message on mart size, industry trends, ontogeny trends, capitalist landscape and outlook, etc. authoritative backlinks
This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. oca machine low price
I found your this post while searching for information about blog-related research … It’s a good post .. keep posting and updating information. Weblogmagazine
Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Extremely useful information particularly the last part I care for such info much. I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. Thank you and best of luck. 먹튀검증
The next time I learn a weblog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I imply, I do know it was my choice to learn, but I truly thought youd have one thing interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about one thing that you would repair in the event you werent too busy on the lookout for attention. ps4 gta 5 cheats
I can objects this advice go over to two different types of humans: modern Microsoft zune masters which can be regarding an upgrade, and folks necessary . decide on from a Microsoft zune plus an apple ipod. (Additional casino players worth taking into consideration around the market, much The Walkman Times, yet unfortunately I’m hoping this you sufficient important information crank out ramifications , before final choice of their Microsoft zune vs . enthusiasts with the exception of ipod array , too.) 먹튀검증
Superhile, Ücretsiz Hileli APK İçerikleriyle Türk Kullanıcılar İçin En Kaliteli Ve Güvenli APK Son Sürüm Sitesidir. Güncel APK Oyun Ve Uygulamaları İndirebilirsiniz. mod apk
Companion, this web site will be fabolous, i merely like it 안전놀이터
As I web-site possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling wonderful , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Best of luck. 먹튀검증
You’ve heard the words before — a mysterious and wild darknet that is not controlled and does not obey the laws. You are probably equally interested and alarmed by all this. Darknet Market list
Yabobo has become the largest online integrated entertainment platform in the Chinese market. Provide sports events, e-sports, Olympic games, financial parameters, TV talent show quiz, traditional entertainment, electronic games and other services. We are far ahead of other peers in terms of sponsorship and service coverage. 亚博
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this.. oca lamination machine in karol bagh
i read a lot of stuff and i found that the way of writing to clearifing that exactly want to say was very good so i am impressed and ilike to come again in future.. oca lamination machine in karol bagh