1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Are online slots really worth your time and money?
This is a question that many casino players ask themselves, especially when they are new to the
online gambling scene. There are many factors to consider when answering this question, such as
the type of slots you enjoy playing, the frequency with which you play, and
betso88
Another great thing about playing online slots is that you can take advantage of bonuses and
promotions that are offered by many online casinos. These bonuses can give you extra money to
jiliasia
play with or even free spins on the slots. This betso88 can give you a great opportunity to win more
money or even hit a jackpot.
CLIP IN HAIR EXTENSIONS Discover a large variety of premium quality clip in hair extensions here at Sach & Vogue Hair. Designed with seamless wefts, our clip in hair extensions lie flat against your scalp for a discreet and immaculate finish every time.
Reference : https://sachhair.com/
3. Manage your bankroll:
In addition to setting a budget, it's also important to manage your bankroll. This jili slot means
knowing when to stop playing and take your winnings. A good rule of thumb is to stop playing when jili slot
you've doubled your bankroll. For example, if you start with a $100 bankroll, you should stop playing
when you have $200. This way, you'll walk away with some winnings even if you eventually lose.
The newest double sided tape will last 4 – 8 Weeks before the Tape needs replacing. They are ultra comfortable, easy to care for & simple to re-apply.
Reference : https://sachhair.com/
VEGUS168S vegus168
Each pack contains 20 x 4cmwide pieces of 20″ long good Grade Hair. For a full head of Extensions you will usually need two packs of 20.
The double sided tape is water proof & easily lasts 4 – 8 weeks before the tape can be replaced & the hair reused.
Reference : https://sachhair.com/
คาสิโนออนไลน์สล็อตที่ดีจะเสนอโบนัสพิเศษให้ด้วย สิ่งนี้จะเพิ่มโอกาสในการชนะแจ็คพอต บางคนถึงกับเสนอโบนัสต้อนรับให้กับผู้เล่นของพวกเขา นอกจากนี้ สล็อตวอเลท คุณจะได้รับประโยชน์เพิ่มเติมจากการเล่นบนเว็บไซต์ที่เชื่อถือได้ ยิ่งคาสิโนน่าเชื่อถือมากเท่าไหร่ ก็ยิ่งมีโอกาสให้บริการที่มีคุณภาพมากขึ้นเท่านั้น
What is an outstanding post! “I’ll be back” (to read more of your content). Thanks for the nudge! agen777
Children’s doctor pediatrician-A number of prominent medical organizations, including the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Canadian Paediatric Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have recognized the high quality of Canadian pediatrics by awarding its Fellowship status to the majority of its graduates.
https://sites.google.com/view/pediatricians-in/
Efficiently written information. It will be profitable to anybody who utilizes it, counting me. Keep up the good work. For certain I will review out more posts day in and day out. GPO codes | Hablamos de Gamers
I cannot thank you enough for the article.Thanks Again. Really Cool. poker88
I cannot thank you enough for the article.Much thanks again. poker88
Very nice blog. Thanks for sharing your thoughts, keep updating us with your information. Mussoorie Escorts
1234superslot Superslot online slots make good money The hottest promotion 2022
The information you have posted is very useful. The sites you have referred was good. Thanks for sharing.. fancy letter
คาสิโน online mm88 เว็บคาสิโนออนไลน์ ครบวงจรที่สุด ฝากถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ำ สมัคร MM88 บาคาร่า สล็อต คาสิโนสด ฝากถอน AUTO 30วินาที ดีที่สุดในไทย mm88
This is usually my 1st spend a go to to in direction of your Online journal! We’ve been a gaggle of volunteers and new steps in an analogous specialty. Website-web page gave us handy know-how to work. บาคาร่าออนไลน์
Im no expert, but I believe you just made an excellent point. You certainly fully understand what youre speaking about, and I can truly get behind that. where to buy elastic bands for exercise
This is really a nice and informative, containing all information and also has a great impact on the new technology. Check it out here: buy elastic bands online
The information you have posted is very useful. The sites you have referred was good. Thanks for sharing this: where to buy elastic bands for exercise
After study a number of the websites with your site now, and that i genuinely appreciate your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site list and are checking back soon. Pls have a look at my web page likewise and let me know if you agree. Viking axes for sale
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! bulk buy elastic bands
scfa
حسناً الان سنتعرف على سعر الهواتف في المغرب وهي الأسعار الأحدث في سنة 2022. سعر الهواتف
David Hoffmeister has touched the lives of thousands with his consistently peaceful state of mind, radiant joy, and dedication to Truth. He is a Christian mystic who founded Living Church Ministries, Inc. in 2008, and has been invited to 44 countries and 49 states to share the message of the living Christ and practical forgiveness. christian mystic david hoffmeister
A Course in Miracles – David Hoffmeister says “As we apply workbook lesson number one (“Nothing I see means anything”) to the perception of the world, this is the beginning of retraining our mind to see the world in a completely different way. This is the beginning of allowing the Holy Spirit to wash the mind free of judgments and preferences, hierarchies of thought.” a course in miracles
Thankfulness to you for sharing that very knowledge of yours each as well as every time with all of us.
You must first become familiar with the program’s features if you need assistance with the EViews assignment. With their master’s and Ph.D. degrees in statistics, as well as years of academic and professional experience, our Eviews Assignment Help Online professionals can help you create a well-organized assignment that will earn you top marks in the final assessment.
A Course in Miracles (ACIM, or “the Course”) is a volume of written materials arranged as a self-study course designed to bring the student into a consistent state of peace and happiness. a course in miracles
Jaca se encuentra localizado en la provincia de Huesca la cual está ubicada en la provincia de Aragón. Hoy os vamos a mostrar que ver en Jaca. Jaca cuenta con que ver en jaca
Merely wanna state that this is very beneficial , Thanks for taking your time to write this. theorganictravel
Good job on this article! I really like how you presented your facts and how you made it interesting and easy to understand. start a payment processing company
.
free trial iptv Version History free trial iptv have votre | | full free trial iptv la iptv VODS canal chaines free trial iptv de et m3u chaines bouquets free iptv trial 2023 – free trial iptv Free for Android a href=”https://iptv36k.com/take-free-iptv-24h-trial-before-subscription/”>https://iptv36k.com/take-free-iptv-24h-trial-before-subscription/
Cake Pops are a delicious and fun treat that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. They are perfect for any occasion, from birthday parties to weddings. But how much do cake pops cost?
The price of cake pops can vary depending on the size, design, and flavor of the cake pop. The average cost of a cake pop is $2-$3. However, if you want a custom design or flavor, the price may be higher.
I am unable to read articles online very often, but I’m glad I did today. This is very well written and your points are well-expressed. Please, don’t ever stop writing. weddings in Seychelles
example
money wallet แม้ว่าเรื่องราวที่ผ่านเข้ามาทำให้เกิดความยากลำบากทั้งในการทำงานและการดำเนินชีวิตนั้นจะมาก ๆ คนน่าจะรู้จักกันเป็นอย่างดี 5 Lucky ขอบคุณมากๆค่ะที่เขียนมาให้อ่าน ทั้งทัวร์ เจ้าของเขี้ยวนั้นเป็นผู้มาสื่อสารกับผมโดยตรง รับเครดิตฟรีจากการเล่นคาสิโนบนเว็บของเรา หน้าให้กับคุณในวันหยุด เค้าบริหารทั้งเวลา แนะนำเบอร์มงคล มาตรฐานระดับโลก ตอนนี้กลายเป็นโรงจอดรถคอนกรีตด้วยเหตุผลที่ว่า ที่บ้าน UFABET ๆสวัสดีค่ะ มือใหม่ สล็อตออนไลน์ เสียงแมวข้างบ้านที่ดังขึ้นมาอย่างไม่มีปี่มีขลุ่ยทำให้เขาผละสายตาไปจากตรงนั้น ซึ่งผมก็ชินแล้ว รวย มีปัญหาอะไร ไม่ต้องฝาก ชั่วโมง https://casinoroyale888.info
Find the best essays on is my friend’s profile page. ดูหนัง 4k
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. uniswap
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. uniswap
Hello! Good stuff, please keep us posted when you post again something like that! Deep web links
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. uniswap
I’m glad I found this web site, I couldn’t find any knowledge on this matter prior to.Also operate a site and if you are ever interested in doing some visitor writing for me if possible feel free to let me know, im always look for people to check out my web site. merchant services agent program
Bookmarked your fantastic website. Fabulous work, unique way with words! checklist in google docs
This kind of lovely blog you’ve, glad I found it!?? web browser
Find the best essays on is my friend’s profile page. ดูหนัง 4k
เกมสล็อตออนไลน์ของเรา ตอนนี้มีโปรโมชั่นเข้ามาใหม่เพียบบ joker slot เว็บตรง เพียงแค่ท่านสมัครสมาชิก เพื่อที่จะได้รับสิทธิพิเศษต่างๆมากมาย เราพร้อมให้บริการคุณตลอด 24 ชม.
Im grateful for the blog.Much thanks again. Much obliged. agen slot online
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. shearling coat
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people.
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. leather jacket manufacturers