1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
So it is interesting and very good written and see what they think about other people. 토토사이트
Rcg488 500 slots games from all camps on our website. เกมสล็อต ค่าย pg เว็บตรง
Very informative post! There is a lot of information here that can help any business get started with a successful social networking campaign. point click care login
You have a excellent stage below!I absolutely concur with what you have got mentioned!!Thanks for sharing your views…hope more and more people will go through this informative article!!! สล็อต 999
I’m gonna evaluate this. I’ll make sure you come back. lots of thanks for sharing. and Also This article presents The sunshine by which we could observe the fact. this is very wonderful one and offers indepth details and information. many thanks for this fantastic putting up…
สล็อตออนไลน์ ช่องทางรวยแนวใหม่ เล่นง่ายใครๆก็เล่นได้
ใครจะรู้ว่าการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ในปัจจุบันนั้นจะสามารถนำมาเป็นช่องทางสร้างรายได้และทำเงินเข้ากระเป๋าคุณได้ง่ายๆด้วยปลายนิ้วของคุณได้แล้ว ในปัจจุบันนั้นมีเกมคาสิโนออนไลน์หลากหลายเกมมากที่สามารถทำเงินได้ดีเช่นกัน golden678 แต่ก็ไม่มีเกมไหนที่เล่นง่ายและให้ผลตอบแทนได้สูงเท่าเกมสล็อตได้แล้ว เล่นสล็อตออนไลน์กับเราคุณสามารถรวยได้ง่ายๆในชั่วข้ามคืนได้เลย แถมเดิมพันกับเราคุณยังจะได้รับทั้งข้อเสนอและโปรโมชั่นสุดคุ้มมากมาย เรียกได้ว่าเล่นสล็อตกับราคุณจะไม่มีคำว่าผิดหวังแน่นอน สล็อตpgเว็บตรง สำหรับผู้เล่นท่านไหนที่คิดอยากจะนำเอาช่องทางการเล่นสล็อตมาเป็นช่องทางหารายได้เสริม เราบอกได้เลยว่าคุณคิดถูกแล้วเพราะที่เว็บของเราคุณจะได้รับอัตราการจ่ายสูงและที่น่าดึงดูดใจกว่าเว็บไหนๆนั่นจึงไม่ใชเรื่องยากเลยที่คุณจะสามารถรวยได้จากเกมสล็อตออนไลน์นี้
สำหรับผู้เล่นมือใหม่ที่ยังไม่มีประสบการณ์ในการเล่นเกมสล็อตมาก่อนคุณก็ไม่ต้องกังวลใจไปเพราะเกมสล็อตออนไลน์นี้เป็นเกมที่มีวิธีการเล่นที่ง่ายมากๆ เพียงแค่คุณกดปุ่มหมุนสล็อตง่ายๆเท่านี้คุณก็สามารถลุ้นรับเงินรางวัลและโบนัสจากเราได้ เรียกได้ว่าไม่ต้องฝึกฝนและเรียนรู้อะไรมากเลยคุณก็สามารถเล่นเป็นได้ด้วยตัวเองได้แล้ว เว็บสล็อต pg เว็บตรง สล็อตออนไลน์เกมเดิมพันสุดมันส์ที่เล่นได้ทุกเพศทุกวัย สมัครสมาชิกและเข้ามาร่วมสนุกกับเราเลย อย่ารอช้าหรือมัวลังเลใจอยู่เพราะไม่แน่ว่าคุณอาจจะเป็นผู้โชคดีคนต่อไปที่รวยได้จากเกมสล็อตก็เป็นไปได้
I’m about to look at this. I’ll be sure to return. several many thanks for sharing. and Also This short article golden678 delivers The sunshine in which we can observe the truth. this is excellent 1 and supplies สล็อตpgเว็บตรง indepth facts. a lot of thanks for this brilliant report…
สล็อตออนไลน์ เกมเดิมพันสุดมันส์ของคนวัยมันส์
ในปัจจุบันเรียกได้ว่ามีคนไทยไม่น้อยเลยที่เลือกช่องทางการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์เป็นช่องทางในการหารายได้เสริม ซึ่งก็ถือว่าเป็นวิธีหารายได้เสริมที่น่าสนใจไม่น้อยเลย เพราะว่าในปัจจุบันก็มีเหล่านักเสี่ยงโชคไม่น้อยเลยที่สามารถทำเงินทำกำไรได้จริงจากการเล่นเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ สล็อตออนไลน์เกมเดิมพันสุดมันส์ที่ใครๆก็เล่นได้มือใหม่ก็สามารถเล่นได้โดยไม่ต้องศึกษาเรียนรู้อะไรเพิ่มเติมเลย สำหรับเกมสล็อตออนไลน์เรียกได้ว่า golden678 เป็นเกมเดิมพันที่มีประวัติมาอย่างยาวนาน ในสมัยก่อนถ้าคุณอยากจะเล่นเกมสล็อตสักเกมคุณต้องเดินทางไปเล่นยังบ่อนคาสิโน เพื่อเล่นตู้สล็อต แต่ในปัจจุบันด้วยเทคโนโลยีที่พัฒนาไปอย่างก้าวกระโดด
คุณไม่จำเปิดต้องเดินทางไปไหนไกลเพื่อเล่นเกมสล็อตอีกแล้ว เพราเกมสล็อตได้ถูกย่อมาไว้ในมือถือของคุณแล้ว เรียกได้ว่าทั้งง่าย และสะดวกมากๆ อยู่ที่ไหนก็เล่นได้ สำหรับมือใหม่ที่กำลังหัดเล่นเกมสล็อตออนไลน์นั้น หลายท่านมักเกิดข้อสงสัยว่าการเล่นเกมสล็อตออนไลน์จะสามารถทำเงินได้จริงไหม เล่นแล้วถูกโกงหรือเปล่า สล็อตpgเว็บตรง ก็เราสามารถตอบได้เลยว่าการเล่นเกมสล็อตออนไลน์นั้นสามารถทำเงินทำกำไรได้จริง แถมเล่นแล้วไม่มีการโกงโกงแน่นอนเพราะเราคือเว็บสล็อตเว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ร่วมสนุกกับเราแล้วมั่นใจได้ปล่อยภัย 100% อย่ารอช้าหยิบมือถือของคุณขึ้นมาและเชื่อมต่อกับอินเตอร์เน็ตและกดเข้าไปที่เว็บไซต์ของเราได้เลย เพราะความสนุกมากมายกำลังรอคุณอยู่ เว็บสล็อต pg เว็บตรง มาร่วมสมัครและเป็นสมาชิกกับเราและเดิมพันไปพร้อมกันแล้วคุณจะทราบเลยว่าการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์นั้นสนุกและทำเงินได้ดีกว่าที่คุณคิดแน่นอน
Nice information, you write very nice articles, I visit your website for regular update
릴게임사이트
Welcome to Pinoy Tv Replayy, Pinoy Tambayan Teleserye Replay Watch your favorite Pinoy Teleserye Shows, Pinoy Lambingan, Pinoy TV, Pinoy Channel Online here. Pinoy Tv
IObit Uninstaller 12 Key
Welcome to Pinoy Tv Replayy, Pinoy Tambayan Teleserye Replay Watch your favorite Pinoy Teleserye Shows, Pinoy Lambingan, Pinoy TV, Pinoy Channel Online here. Pinoy Tv
Welcome to Pinoy Tv Replayy, Pinoy Tambayan Teleserye Replay Watch your favorite Pinoy Teleserye Shows, Pinoy Lambingan, Pinoy TV, Pinoy Channel Online here. Pinoy Tv
Realpg168 Come and invest with us, you won’t be disappointed for sure. 100% Auto system. สล็อตเว็บตรงแตกง่าย
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post. kora online
Nice information, don’t forget visit my site alll togel singapore thanks
Welcome to Pinoy Tv Replayy, Pinoy Tambayan Teleserye Replay Watch your favorite Pinoy Teleserye Shows, Pinoy Lambingan, Pinoy TV, Pinoy Channel Online here. Pinoy Tv
Twinmotion Crackeado
Digital Marketing Companies in Pune
Osumare is often regarded as the top 10 Digital Marketing agency in Pune which conveys a careful perception of ideas and strategies. All delegates will have the ability to liberally upgrade their advertising ROI, with negligible additional media spend, improve arrangements and increment high ground for the affiliation. We help your business to assemble an extraordinary client experience across various platforms.
This internet site is often a walk-through rather than the details you wanted about it and didn’t know who ought to. Glimpse here, and you’ll certainly discover it. https://151067.com/how-to-study-for-online-college-classes/
The perfect doc I stumbled upon a little while, crank out whatever related to that in such a internet site. look what i found
A person essentially help to make seriously articles I would state. This is the first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I surprised with the research you made to make this particular publish incredible. Fantastic job! แทงบอล
Adobe Media Encoder Crackeado
I went over this website and I think you have a lot of great info , saved to bookmarks (:. garuda999
Great post, and great website. Thanks for the information! financial modeling courses
There are some fascinating cut-off dates in this article however I don’t know if I see all of them heart to heart. There’s some validity but I will take hold opinion until I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we wish extra! Added to FeedBurner as well 온라인카지노순위
Proshow Producer 9 Crackeado Download
Somebody essentially assist to make seriously articles I would state. That is the first time I frequented your website page and to this point? I amazed with the research you made to make this actual put up amazing. Great process! wilkinson chutes stow ohio
I always was concerned in this topic and stock still am, regards for posting . wilkinson chute parts
My companion suggested this blog and he was thoroughly right keep up the phenomenal work! 英文補習邊個好
I have bookmarked your site since this site contains profitable data in it. I am extremely content with articles quality and introduction. You’re the best for keeping extraordinary stuff. I am especially grateful for this site. 補英文
Avast Cleanup Premium Crackeado
Thanks for a wonderful share. Your article has proved your hard work and experience you have got in this field. Brilliant .i love it reading. Wholesale luxury brands
I wish more authors of this type of content would take the time you did to research and write so well. I am very impressed with your vision and insight. 網上補習平台
Betting website 789ai is an online betting website. that provides a full range of services Comes with an automatic system that will help you be comfortable. feel fun throughout our betting that Collect more than 3,000 game camps, the most right now. Open for service 10 casino camps, 30 slots and have sports betting, online football betting, lottery, trading graphs. 789ai
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! 토토사이트 추천
Looking forward to reading more. Great post.Really thank you! Keep writing. gas spring bracket
I am jovial you take pride in what you write. It makes you stand way out from many other writers that can not push high-quality content like you. كورة لايف
I personally use they simply high-quality items: you can view these individuals whilst in: https://casinogamex.co.uk/
Wow, What an Outstanding post. I found this too much informatics. It is what I was seeking for. I would like to recommend you that please keep sharing such type of info.If possible, Thanks. deutschen führerschein online kaufen
Thanks for the blog filled with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. Now my task has become as easy as ABC. deutschen führerschein kaufen
Thanks for a wonderful share. Your article has proved your hard work and experience you have got in this field. Brilliant .i love it reading. Emergency Plumber in Stockport
You have performed a great job on this article. It’s very precise and highly qualitative. You have even managed to make it readable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you so much. patente falsa online
The when I just read a blog, I hope so it doesnt disappoint me as much as that one. I am talking about, It was my method to read, but I actually thought youd have something fascinating to express. All I hear is often a bunch of whining about something that you could fix in the event you werent too busy looking for attention. SMM Panel
I gotta bookmark this website it seems very useful very helpful 사설토토
Freemake Video Converter Serial
In today’s time, everyone wants to save precious time so people trying to do virtual events. If you want to organize virtual events then our best Virtual Event Planners will help your events. so what are you waiting for? just call us or visit our official website.
If someone week i really ashen-haired not actually pretty, whether you will lite grope a present, thought to follow us to displays bursting with ends of the earth considerably? Inside the impeccant previous, sea ever have dried-up, my hubby and i only may very well be with all of you connected thousands of samsara. 網上補習
An impressive share, I just now given this onto a colleague who was simply carrying out a small analysis during this. And that he the fact is bought me breakfast since I discovered it for him.. smile. So ok, i’ll reword that: Thnx for any treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending enough time go over this, Personally i think strongly about it and enjoy reading on this topic. If it is possible, as you become expertise, would you mind updating your website with a lot more details? It really is extremely of great help for me. Huge thumb up just for this text! Online Shopping In Pakistan
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article… financial modeling videos
It is truely good post, but I do not see everything completely clear, especially for someone not involved in that topic. Anyway very interesting to me. https://btfgh.com/how-to-find-reaction-order-from-a-graph/