1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Your article is the most helpful.พีจีสล็อต ที่ดีที่สุดขั้นต่ำ 1 บาท
Light Image Resizer Crackeado
Ashampoo Burning Studio 19 Crackeado
I really thank you for the valuable info on this great subject and look forward to more great posts. Thanks a lot for enjoying this beauty article with me. I am appreciating it very much! Looking forward to another great article. Good luck to the author! All the best! IT Agency services
THE SYNTHETIC BEAUTY IN K2 LIQUID SPRAYS FOR SALE Spice & K2 Welcome to K2liquidspray.se! We’re a synthetic drug online shop where you can get your hands on liquid incense filled with THC-like effects. Our K2 is made from 100% natural cannabis plant and comes in easy-to-use sprays for a next-level yet undetectable experience. We carry your favorite California Dreams, Bizarro, Aloha, and other incense products. With proven K2 formulas, they deliver the effects that only the best synthetic marijuana can deliver. They are a go-to choice for experienced users and are sold without restrictions. Shop now and meet synthetic power in all its glory! buy k2liqiudspray on paper online
Revo Uninstaller Pro Crackeado
Revo Uninstaller Pro Crackeado
Revo Uninstaller Pro Crackeado
I am very much pleased with the contents you have mentioned. I wanted to thank you for this great article. Online law schools in California
This is helpful, nonetheless it can be crucial so that you can check out the following website: 토토사이트
Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue, so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.It ‘s really very nice and Useful post.ThanksThis is my first time visit here. From the tons of comments on your articles,I guess I am not only one having all the enjoyment right here! trucking job board
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage: Satta king
Isn’t it entertaining if we always talk about topics like that .
Gem Tv Serial
Howdy. Very nice web site!! Guy .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I’ll bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally…I am satisfied to locate numerous helpful information here within the article. Thank you for sharing. my home page url
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place. Xiaomi Mi 10S Price in italy 2021
I’m glad to see the great detail here!. Skyward FBISD
there are many different operating systems but of course i would still prefer to use linux for stability,. Info Redar
Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your site, how can i subscribe for a blog site? The account aided me a applicable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept. Sildigra 100
You have a good point here!I totally agree with what you have said!!Thanks for sharing your views…hope more people will read this article!!! 링크사이트
Within this webpage, you’ll see the page, you need to understand this data. 토토사이트
This is a great. Looking forward to read more such articles.
Social Media Bad
That’s really great content. You need to join Yoga Teacher Training for your healthy life.
These you will then see the most important thing, the application provides you a website a powerful important internet page: 토토사이트
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also.
vacuum sealed windows
This is very significant, and yet necessary towards just click this unique backlink: 토토사이트
Despite what some people might think, becoming an interior designer doesn’t simply involve picking out pretty things and putting them together. It’s a complex process that requires both creativity and technical skills. If you’re interested in pursuing a career in interior design, here are some things you need to know. How to become an interior designer
Thanks for sharing such informative content. How long have you been writing such impressive content? If you are facing migraine … you need to try migraine products for getting instant treatment.
OBCTOP merupakan situs http://www.lanase.unam.mx/en/-/sbobet88/
yang membuka akun taruhan judi online di bandar judi bola terpercaya di Indonesia.
You ought to be a part of a contest for one of the finest sites on the internet. I will recommend this website!
Reeves Soft Pastels
I also wrote an article on a similar subject will find it at write what you think. 링크모음
First, you need to get a formal education. Although you can technically become an interior designer without a degree, it will be difficult to find work without one. There are plenty of schools that offer interior design programs, so do your research and find one that’s right for you. How to become an interior designer
Hello there, I discovered your web site via Google while searching for a related topic, your web site came up, it appears good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. trending tweet
You bear through a awesome vacancy. I sanity definitely quarry it moreover personally suggest to my buddys. I am self-possessed they determination be benefited from this scene. 토토사이트
You have observed very interesting points ! ps nice website . today trending tweets
For true fans of this thread I will address is a free online! 토토사이트
On that website page, you’ll see your description, why not read through this. 토토사이트
Interesting site. A great deal of web journals I see nowadays don’t generally give whatever I’m keen on, however I’m undoubtedly inspired by this one. Recently imagined that I would post and tell you Citrix Certified Professional – Virtualization (CCP-V)
bless you with regard to the particular blog post ive really been searching regarding this kind of information on the web for sum time right now as a result cheers twitter trends
THC vape juice
Pure Vape
Bloom Vape
Cookies Carts
Exotic Carts
Hawaiian Haze
Strawberry Milkshake
Matrix Bar
Blue Dream Vape
Wildberry
Master Kush
Hi this is somewhat of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get guidance from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated! twitter trends
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what blog owners wrote but this site is really user pleasant! . trending tweet
Nice site. On your blogs very interest and i will tell a friends. today trending tweets
That may be this kind of a great source that you’ll offer therefore you give it away entirely no cost. I like looking at Web-site that understand the worth. Im happy to have learned this publish as its these a captivating one! I am Ordinarily looking out for high quality posts and posts so i suppose im Blessed to have found this! I hope you might be which includes a lot more Down the road…สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Very interesting blog. Alot of blogs I see these days don’t really provide anything that I’m interested in, but I’m most definately interested in this one. Just thought that I would post and let you know.
https://WeClubslots.com
This is certainly a amazing post. Thanks a ton for spending some time to explain all this out for us. It truly is a great guide!
koreantürk dizigom
POPULAR SERIES, GOOD MOVIE
Jurassic World Dominion
For many people this is important, so check out my profile: how to buy safemoon
Interesting post. I was looking for the solution of this issue & here I found it. So thanks for posting. Pretty cool post. It ‘s really very nice and Useful post. web developer singapore
amazing information sharing .. I am very happy to read this text .. Thanks for giving us undergo information. Remarkable fine. I recognize this submit. I excessive respect this put up. It’s tough to discover the coolest from the horrific once in a while, however i assume you’ve nailed it! Could you mind updating your weblog with extra information? This post might be in which i were given the most useful facts for my studies. It appears to me they all are genuinely tremendous. Thank you for sharing. Notable! It sounds exact. Thank you for sharing.. 메이저사이트
Second, you need to build up your portfolio. Your portfolio is basically your resume; it’s a way for potential employers to see your work and decide if you’re the right fit for their company. Start by putting together a few of your best designs, whether they’re from personal projects or class assignments. How to become an interior designer
Chave De Ativação do Windows 7 Ultimate