1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commentators here! Crypto Currency Investors Thread
An interesting dialogue is price comment. I feel that it is best to write more on this matter, it may not be a taboo topic however usually individuals are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers. 라이브카지노
Loving the information on this site, you have done great job on the content . This looks absolutely perfect. All these tinny details are made with lot of background knowledge. I like it a lot. This was a useful post and I think it is rather easy to see from the other comments as well that this post is well written and useful. I am definitely enjoying your website. You definitely have some great insight and great stories. As I website possessor I think the content material here is really good , thankyou for your efforts. 메이저놀이터
I feel so lucky because I have a blogger like you that provides refreshing ideas depending on the daily situation. To be very honest, your blogs are easy to read and understand. Good luck with your future articles as well. Thanks for this engaging article. Sometimes you use real-life examples in your articles that are perfect for me as a reader, but unfortunately, sometimes I didn’t get your point in the post. It seems fake or irrelevant. Well, it’s a good one. Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more. 실시간바카라
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! BCH exchange
https://pastelink.net/rdt4z4wp
i would like to replace our bathroom lighting with light emitting diodes to save electricity; sbobet88 login
I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. ✅ I also have some information related to this Topic on my website
바둑이게임
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention. BUY GOOGLE THRESHOLD ACCOUNT
This is my first time visit to your blog and I am very interested in the articles that you serve. Provide enough knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful and don’t forget, keep sharing useful info: Condor cbd supplement reviews
I must say this was very helpful and easy to understand.
OBC4D merupakan situs togel terpercaya resmi dan bandar totomacau yang menyediakan berbagai jenis pasaran wla togel online yang bisa dimainkan hanya dengan menggunakan satu user id saja.
Some really nice and utilitarian information on this web site , also I believe the style and design holds good features. HUAWEI FreeBuds Pro
One of the brilliant components approximately contractors is they can manage many roles inside a domestic. A fashionable contracting enterprise can do many obligations inside a domestic whether or not they’re massive or small. บ้านน็อคดาวน์
Hello there, I discovered your blog by way of Google at the same time as looking for a comparable topic, your site got here up, it seems to be great. I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. Huawei Watch 3
Thank you for sharing such information with us.
I hope, you will be good and healthy. Your blog is very informative for us. And we want to, that you will be sharing such an informative and motivational blog post in the future. You can follow our blog by visiting ksagrotech.org
Thank You so much
Straw reaper price in punjab
Straw reaper machine
Best straw reaper
We Dubai-visa.co.uk unit of dubaivisaservices.co.uk believe in excellent services and provides the best customer experience, without any hidden cost with hassle free service and customer satisfaction.
We Dubai-visa.co.uk unit of dubaivisaservices.co.uk believe in excellent services and provides the best customer experience, without any hidden cost with hassle free dubai visa service and customer satisfaction.
on this website any one see my profile here
sarkari yojana
rajsthan pripaymanager full details
An fascinating discussion is value comment. I think that it is best to write extra on this matter, it won’t be a taboo topic however generally people are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers kroger schedule
Enjoyed reading this, very good stuff, thankyou . watch gt runner
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post. clicker games unblocked
Thank you for sharing such information with us.
I hope you will be good and healthy. Your blog is very informative for us. And we want to, that you will be sharing such an informative and motivational blog post in the future. You can follow our blog by visiting ksagrotech.org
Thank You so much
BEW India is the best agriculture equipment manufacturing company in India. that is an exporter, and supplier of machinery as well. such as super seeder manufacturer in punjab. super seeder is extensively used for planting a wide variety of seeds like wheat, soybean & grass.
href=”https://www.bewindia.co/product/rotavator/”title=”Rotavator Manufacturers in India”>Rotavator Manufacturers in India
href=”https://www.bewindia.co/product/rotavator/”title=”rotavator machine suppliers in india”>rotavator machine suppliers in india
href=”https://www.bewindia.co/product/mud-loader/”title=”Mud Loader Suppliers in Punjab”>Mud Loader Suppliers in Punjab
Most of the people download apk file of
A Complete Ecommerce Business is waiting for you. Premade Shopify Stores are ready to start selling. Be a store owner and start earning money. Premade Shopify Stores
thank you for your interesting infomation. Lego prices compare
Nosotros somos es un grupo organizado de expertos, especializado en la producción y entrega de pasaportes, visas, tarjetas de identificación, licencias de conducir, certificados de nacimiento, diplomas para muchos países del mundo, incluidos el Reino Unido, Estados Unidos, Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Italia, España, Francia, ISRAEL, ALEMANIA, MÉXICO, PAÍSES BAJOS, AUSTRIA y muchos otros países.Comprar licencia de conducir en Girona ,
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing websites that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. It is the old what goes around comes around routine. Compare Lego prices
Thank you very much for the sharing! COOL.. Lego prices compare
i read a lot of stuff and i found that the way of writing to clearifing that exactly want to say was very good so i am impressed and ilike to come again in future.. price compare Lego
Good task for publishing such a beneficial Site. Your World wide web log isn’t only beneficial but it is Also seriously Innovative as well.สล็อตวอเลท
Great explanation of railway industry in france. Don’t forget to play slot online or สล็อต.
The history of railway industry in france is really great, thanks for explaining to us. And please start playing slots on pgสล็อต.
The history of railway industry in france is really great, thanks for explaining to us. And please start playing slots on pgสล็อต.
This is a great short article thanks for sharing this useful data. I’ll pay a visit to your web site routinely for many latest post. I’ll visit your blog frequently for a few hottest put up. เกมสล็อต
istanbulda ki en hızlı moto kurye servisi kurye
This is a great short article thanks for sharing this useful data. I’ll pay a visit to your web site routinely for many latest post. I’ll visit your blog frequently for a few hottest put up.บา คา ร่า วอ เลท
Awesome stuff, With thanks. kbc lottery number check online 2022
We must be more passionate about everything espeCially when it comes in our nature and environment check this out also >>
https://www.powerballsite.com
Good website! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day!
https://www.bacarasite.com
Thank you so much for your choice in posting this great article. In particular, it was an article that helped me a lot. I want you to write more about related topics. I’ll be waiting for your follow-up. 먹튀검증사이트
Gambling on a 메이저놀이터 리스트 bailout.
Our vision is to maintain and strengthen our position as the world’s number one Sports Broadcasting provider as gaming markets continue to evolve globally. Our culture is rooted in our corporate values:
gazatv
가자티비
I’m writing on this topic these days, 온라인바카라, but I have stopped writing because there is no reference material. Then I accidentally found your article. I can refer to a variety of materials, so I think the work I was preparing will work! Thank you for your efforts.
Media Iklan
Kegiatan promosi dalam sebuah bisnis umum dilakukan untuk berbagai tujuan, mulai dari memperkenalkan produk atau layanan baru, membangun awareness, hingga untuk meningkatkan penjualan. Promosi ini bisa dilakukan melalui berbagai media iklan. Berikut jenis-jenis media iklan yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk mempromosikan produk atau layanan Anda.
Klik menu deposit dan lengkapi formulir situs slot online yang muncul di layar device yang pemain miliki. Sama dengan proses daftar, pakai nomor hp, nama lengkap, pilihan permainan judi slot, dan jumlah setoran yang dilakukan dengan benar. Jangan sampai ada kesalahan sehingga transaksi yang pemain lakukan tidak akan hangus.
Whatever solution or combination of solutions the operator chooses, the Sports Broadcasting brand ensures the world’s bst quality.
gazatv
스포츠무료중계
Whatever solution or combination of solutions the operator chooses, the Sports Broadcasting brand ensures the world’s bst quality.
gazatv
스포츠무료중계
I came to this site with the introduction of a friend around me and I was very impressed when I found your writing. I’ll come back often after bookmarking! 바카라사이트