Control of sour rot in grapes is commonly achieved using insecticide to control D. melanogaster.  2018 was one of the worst years for sour rot in grapes in New York in decades. Sun et al. report that the outbreak of sour rot at one NY vineyard was associated with an inability to control D. melanogaster due to the evolution of resistance. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz039

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) carry out the detoxification of insecticides, and overexpression of one or more CYPs is a common mechanism of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Smith et al. investigated the molecular basis for CYP-mediated resistance in A. aegypti and found that overexpression of the CYPs responsible for resistance was due to a trans-regulatory factor.  Read more

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006933

Juan Silva gave a presentation entitled “Codon constraints of knockdown resistance mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel of Aedes aegypti” at the Annual Meeting of the American Mosquito Control Association in Orlando FL on February 26, 2019.