NOTE: This post is a self-contained description of the practical aspects of moral accounting, intended as the basis for interviews with activists, accountants, consultants, and organizational leaders. Those who want more background (including a more scholarly justification of my claims) can read this. Please contact Robert Bloomfield at Cornell University if you are interested in discussing this. A companion piece about the philosophical aspects of moral accounting is available here, intended as the basis for interviews with experts in philosophy, religion, political ideology, or culture.
Introduction
Professionals in accounting, finance and consulting offer a range of services to help organizations live up to their social obligations. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) services help organizations address the concerns of those affected by their actions, while Environmental, Sustainability and Governance (ESG) services help investors allocate capital to firms that are socially responsible. Efforts like the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and Impact-Weighted Accounting offer reporting standards to aid CSR and ESG. However, those offering such services must confront difficult moral questions. What exactly are the social obligations of an organization? How should parties be held accountable for those obligations? How should employees balance their obligation to their employers and their obligations to society? How should organizations prioritize their social obligations when all cannot be fulfilled?